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Cho WT, Yoo T, Lee JM, Lee JW, Kim H, Lee JS, Han SH. Hepatitis B Virus DNA-Level Change is Associated With Tumor Recurrence in Patients With Resected Hepatitis B Virus Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Surg Res 2024; 295:231-239. [PMID: 38041902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the significance of perioperative hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA changes for predicting recurrence in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing liver resection (LR). METHODS From 2013 to 2020, 241 patients with HBV-related HCC who underwent LR in five Hallym university-affiliated hospitals were enrolled. The serum HBV DNA level, together with other clinicopathological variables, was analyzed for association with HCC recurrence. RESULTS Preoperatively, 99 patients had undetectable HBV DNA and 142 had detectable viral levels. Of those with detectable viral levels, 72 rapidly progressed to undetectable levels within 3 mo after LR (Rapid group), and 70 showed persistently detectable levels (Nonrapid group). The Rapid group had a better recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate than the Nonrapid group (1-y, 3-y RFS = 75.4%, 57.3%, versus 54.7%, 39.9%, respectively, P = 0.012). In the subgroup analysis, the Rapid group had a better RFS rate in early stages (1-y, 3-y RFS = 82.6%, 68.5%, versus 62.8%, 45.8%, respectively, P = 0.005); however, the RFS rates between the two groups were comparable in the advanced stage (1-y, 3-y RFS = 61.1%, 16.7% versus 45.5%, 22.7%, respectively, P = 0.994). Among the 142 patients with preoperatively detectable HBV DNA, persistently detectable HBV DNA within 3 mo postoperatively (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.7, P = 0.022), large tumor size (HR = 2.7, P < 0.001), multiple tumors (HR = 3.2, P < 0.001), and microvascular invasion (HR = 1.7, P = 0.028) were independent risk factors for RFS in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Rapidly undetectable HBV DNA after LR is associated with a better prognosis for recurrence in patients with HCC. Therefore, appropriate treatment and/or screening may be necessary for patients who do not return to undetectable HBV DNA after LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Tae Cho
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbaro Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyup Han
- Department of Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi D, Cho WT, Song HK, Kwon J, Kang BH, Jung H, Jung K. Management strategy for open pelvic fractures: A 11-year single-centre, retrospective observational study. Injury 2023; 54:1156-1162. [PMID: 36849305 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Open pelvic fractures are commonly associated with life-threatening, uncontrollable haemorrhages. Although management methods for pelvic injury-associated haemorrhage have been established, the early mortality rate associated with open pelvic fractures remains high. This study aimed to identify predictors of mortality and effective treatment methods for open pelvic fractures. METHODS We defined open pelvic fractures as pelvic fractures with an open wound directly connected to the adjacent soft tissue, genitals, perineum, or anorectal structures, resulting in soft tissue injuries. This study was performed on trauma patients (age ≥15 years) injured by a blunt mechanism between 2011 and 2021 at a single trauma centre. We collected and analysed the data on the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, transfusion, preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP), resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), therapeutic angio-embolisation, laparotomy, faecal diversion, and mortality. RESULTS Forty-seven patients with blunt open pelvic fractures were included. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range, 27-57 years) and median ISS was 34 (24-43). The most frequently performed treatment methods were laparotomy (53%) and pelvic binder (53%), followed by faecal diversion (40%) and PPP (38%). PPP was the only method performed at a higher rate in the survival group for haemorrhagic control (41% vs. 30%). Haemorrhagic mortality was present in one case that received PPP. The overall mortality was 21%. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, initial systolic blood pressure (SBP), TRISS, RTS, packed red blood cell transfusion for the first 24 h, and base excess showed statistical significance (p<0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression model, initial SBP was identified as an independent risk factor for mortality (odds ratio, 0.943; 95% confidence interval, 0.907-0.980; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION A low initial SPB may be an independent predictor of mortality in patients with open pelvic fractures. Our findings suggest that PPP might be a feasible method to decrease haemorrhagic mortality from open pelvic fractures, especially for haemodynamically unstable patients with low initial SBP. Further studies are required to validate these clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Choi
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsik Kwon
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kang
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hohyung Jung
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Jung
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
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Chang W, Yoo T, Cho WT, Cho G. Comparing postoperative pain in various pressure pneumoperitoneum of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a double-blind randomized controlled study. Ann Surg Treat Res 2021; 100:276-281. [PMID: 34012945 PMCID: PMC8103153 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2021.100.5.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effect of different pneumoperitoneum pressures on postoperative pain, especially by subcategorizing the pressures into 3 groups during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods We conducted a prospective randomized, double-blinded study of 150 patients with benign and uncomplicated gallbladder disease. They were categorized into 3 groups. Each group (50 patients) underwent LC with different pneumoperitoneum methods: group VLP, very-low pressure (6–8 mmHg); group LP, low pressure (9–11 mmHg); and group SP, standard pressure (12–14 mmHg). The 3 groups were compared for pain intensity, duration, analgesic requirement, and complications. Results The characteristics of the patients were similar among all groups. Postoperative pain scores at each time point (1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours) were not significantly different among the 3 groups. Further, operation time, hospital stay, the number of analgesic consumption doses, and postoperative complications were not significantly different among the 3 groups. Conclusion This study demonstrates no difference in postoperative pain among various pneumoperitoneum pressures during LC. Therefore, routine use of lower-pressure pneumoperitoneum is not recommended unless in selected patients who require low-pressure pneumoperitoneum surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonbin Chang
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Tae Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Won Tae Cho
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Giyuon Cho
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
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Park SW, Cho WT, Shin E. An Unusual Cause of Abnormal Weight Loss. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:e13-e14. [PMID: 31605690 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se Woo Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Won Tae Cho
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Park J, Kim JS, Kang M, Sohn SS, Cho WT, Kim HS, Lee S. Tensile property improvement of TWIP-cored three-layer steel sheets fabricated by hot-roll-bonding with low-carbon steel or interstitial-free steel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40231. [PMID: 28067318 PMCID: PMC5220375 DOI: 10.1038/srep40231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TWIP-cored three-layer steel sheets were newly fabricated by hot rolling of TWIP steel sheet surrounded by low-carbon (LC) or interstitial-free (IF) steel sheets. TWIP/LC or TWIP/IF interfaces were well bonded without pores or voids, while a few pearlites were thinly formed along the interfaces. The strengths and elongation of the TWIP-cored sheets increased as the volume fraction of TWIP-cored region increased, and were also well matched with the ones calculated by a rule of mixtures based on volume fraction or force fraction. According to digital image correlation and electron back-scatter diffraction analyses, very high strain hardening effect in the initial deformation stage and active twin formation in the interfacial region beneficially affected the overall homogeneous deformation in the TWIP-cored sheets without any yield point phenomenon occurring in the LC sheet and serrations occurring in the TWIP sheet, respectively. These TWIP-cored sheets can cover a wide range of yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility levels, e.g., 320~498 MPa, 545~878 MPa, and 48~54%, respectively, by controlling the volume fraction of TWIP-cored region, and thus present new applications to multi-functional automotive steel sheets requiring excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeong Park
- Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Jung-Su Kim
- Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Seok Su Sohn
- Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Won Tae Cho
- Steel Research Group Technical Research Laboratories, POSCO, Kwangyang, 545-090, Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Sunghak Lee
- Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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Lee KW, Park JB, Oh DK, Na BG, Choi JY, Cho WT, Lee SH, Park HJ, Cho D, Huh WS, Kim SJ. Short-Term Outcomes of ABO-Incompatible Living Donor Kidney Transplantation With Uniform Protocol: Significance of Baseline Anti-ABO Titer. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:820-6. [PMID: 27234744 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is one of the major causes of poor outcomes in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABOi KT). Studies investigating AMR risk factors found that anti-ABO titer is a major issue. However, the significance of antibody titer has been debated. This retrospective study analyzed AMR risk factors in 59 patients who underwent ABOi KT between August 2010 and January 2015. We also analyzed AMR risk factors in recipients with high anti-ABO baseline titers (≥1:64 on dithiothreitol at 37°C phase or ≥1:256 on antihuman globulin phase). The 2-year patient survival rate was 95.8%, and the 2-year graft survival rate was 94.9%. Nine patients (15.3%) experienced clinical (6 of 59 [10.2%]) or subclinical (3 of 59 [5.1%]) AMR. One patient experienced graft loss from hyperacute rejection. AMR risk factor analysis revealed that baseline antibody titer was associated with incidence of AMR. In patients with high baseline titers, low doses of rituximab (200-mg single-dose), an antibody against CD20, was predictive for AMR. Six patients who received pretransplant intravenous immunoglobulin did not experience AMR even when they had high baseline antibody titers. Our results indicate that a high baseline antibody titer affected the incidence of AMR. ABOi KT candidates with high baseline titers need to undergo an intensified preconditioning protocol, including high-dose rituximab (375 mg/m(2)) and intravenous immunoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J B Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - D K Oh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B G Na
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W T Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Huh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh D, Kwon CHD, Na BG, Lee KW, Cho WT, Lee SH, Choi JY, Choi GS, Kim JM, Joh JW. Surgical Techniques for Totally Laparoscopic Caudate Lobectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2016; 26:689-92. [PMID: 27599012 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2016.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to identify the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic caudate lobectomy. BACKGROUND Caudate lobectomy has been considered as technically difficult because of the deep location of the caudate lobe and its proximity to great vessels. Due to the technical difficulty, laparoscopic caudate lobectomy was not feasible in patients with malignancy in the caudate lobe. METHODS Six consecutive patients with caudate hepatic malignancy received laparoscopic caudate lobectomy at Samsung Medical Center from September 2007 to May 2014. Demographic data, intraoperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were assessed. RESULTS All procedures for these 6 patients with caudate malignancy were completed with totally laparoscopic technique. Only 1 patient who had hepatocellular carcinoma in the Spiegel lobe underwent partial caudate lobectomy, and others underwent complete caudate lobectomy. The mean tumor size was 2.65 cm (range 0.9-5.1 cm). The mean operative time was 382 minutes (range 168-615 minutes) and none required transfusion. The mean duration of hospital stay was 8 days (range 6-13 days). There was no perioperative complication and patient mortality in this series. The resected margins of the specimens were tumor free (R0 resections, range 0.1-1.2 cm). The mean follow-up period was 56 months (range 12.9-93.7 months). No patient died during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Our experience demonstrated that laparoscopic caudate lobectomy is safe and feasible in selected patients with malignancy in the caudate lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkyu Oh
- 1 Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu , Daegu, Korea
| | - Choon Hyuck David Kwon
- 2 Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Gon Na
- 2 Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- 2 Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Tae Cho
- 2 Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- 2 Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Choi
- 2 Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu Seong Choi
- 2 Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Man Kim
- 2 Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Joh
- 2 Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JG, Bae JH, Lee SY, Cho WT, Lim HC. The parameters affecting the success of irrigation and debridement with component retention in the treatment of acutely infected total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Surg 2015; 7:69-76. [PMID: 25729521 PMCID: PMC4329535 DOI: 10.4055/cios.2015.7.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of our study were to evaluate the success rate of irrigation and debridement with component retention (IDCR) for acutely infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (< 4 weeks of symptom duration) and to analyze the factors affecting prognosis of IDCR. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 28 knees treated by IDCR for acutely infected TKA from 2003 to 2012. We evaluated the success rate of IDCR. All variables were compared between the success and failure groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was also used to examine the relative contribution of these parameters to the success of IDCR. RESULTS Seventeen knees (60.7%) were successfully treated. Between the success and failure groups, there were significant differences in the time from primary TKA to IDCR (p = 0.021), the preoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; p = 0.021), microorganism (p = 0.006), and polyethylene liner exchange (p = 0.017). Multivariable logistic regression analysis of parameters affecting the success of IDCR demonstrated that preoperative ESR (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; p = 0.041), microorganism (OR, 12.4; p = 0.006), and polyethylene liner exchange (OR, 0.07; p = 0.021) were significant parameters. CONCLUSIONS The results show that 60.7% of the cases were successfully treated by IDCR for acutely infected TKA. The preoperative ESR, microorganism, and polyethylene liner exchange were factors that affected the success of IDCR in acutely infected TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gyoon Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Bae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Seung Yup Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Tae Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Chul Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Osteochondromas are very common benign tumors composed of cartilage and bone. They are usually found at the end of the growth plate of long bones, most often at the area of the joints, and are contiguous with the medullary cavity. Extraskeletal osteochondromas, the same as their namesake, are composed of cartilage and bone. However, unlike typical osteochondromas, extraskeletal osteochondromas are not contiguous with bone, as their name implies. They usually arise from the synovial tissue and tendon sheaths. Although rare, extraskeletal osteochondromas have been reported to occur within the knee and around the hip; however, they are more commonly reported to occur in the hands and feet. When found in the hands or feet, these new growths are often very small and only occasionally symptomatic. We present the case of a 49-year-old female who had a slow-growing mass of 4 years' duration, located on the plantar aspect of her left foot. The mass was slowly becoming more palpable as it increased in size and was progressively causing pain and discomfort during ambulation. Imaging studies revealed an ossified mass bearing no connection to any other structure on the plantar aspect of her foot. An excision biopsy was performed, and the easily dissectible mass, although much larger than its usual presentation, proved to be an extraskeletal osteochondroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos C Estil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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