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Kang HJ, Kwon SY, Kim A, Kim WG, Kim EK, Kim AR, Kim C, Min SK, Park SY, Sung SH, Yoon HK, Lee A, Lee JS, Lee HI, Lee HC, Lim SC, Jun SY, Jung MJ, Jung CW, Cho SY, Cho EY, Choi HJ, Park SY, Kim JY, Park IA, Kwon Y. A multicenter study of interobserver variability in pathologic diagnosis of papillary breast lesions on core needle biopsy with WHO classification. J Pathol Transl Med 2021. [PMID: 34614346 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2021.07.29.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary breast lesions (PBLs) comprise diverse entities from benign and atypical lesions to malignant tumors. Although PBLs are characterized by a papillary growth pattern, it is challenging to achieve high diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility. Thus, we investigated the diagnostic reproducibility of PBLs in core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens with World Health Organization (WHO) classification. METHODS Diagnostic reproducibility was assessed using interobserver variability (kappa value, κ) and agreement rate in the pathologic diagnosis of 60 PBL cases on CNB among 20 breast pathologists affiliated with 20 medical institutions in Korea. This analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and p63. The pathologic diagnosis of PBLs was based on WHO classification, which was used to establish simple classifications (4-tier, 3-tier, and 2-tier). RESULTS On WHO classification, H&E staining exhibited 'fair agreement' (κ = 0.21) with a 47.0% agreement rate. Simple classifications presented improvement in interobserver variability and agreement rate. IHC staining increased the kappa value and agreement rate in all the classifications. Despite IHC staining, the encapsulated/solid papillary carcinoma (EPC/SPC) subgroup (κ = 0.16) exhibited lower agreement compared to the non-EPC/SPC subgroup (κ = 0.35) with WHO classification, which was similar to the results of any other classification systems. CONCLUSIONS Although the use of IHC staining for CK5 and p63 increased the diagnostic agreement of PBLs in CNB specimens, WHO classification exhibited a higher discordance rate compared to any other classifications. Therefore, this result warrants further intensive consensus studies to improve the diagnostic reproducibility of PBLs with WHO classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ju Kang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ahrong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae Ree Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chungyeul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Kee Min
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Pathology, MizMedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Sung
- Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyang Im Lee
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ho Chang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun Young Jun
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Jung Jung
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Won Jung
- Department of Pathology, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Cho
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Yoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - In Ae Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmee Kwon
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Kang HJ, Kwon SY, Kim A, Kim WG, Kim EK, Kim AR, Kim C, Min SK, Park SY, Sung SH, Yoon HK, Lee A, Lee JS, Lee HI, Lee HC, Lim SC, Jun SY, Jung MJ, Jung CW, Cho SY, Cho EY, Choi HJ, Park SY, Kim JY, Park IA, Kwon Y. A multicenter study of interobserver variability in pathologic diagnosis of papillary breast lesions on core needle biopsy with WHO classification. J Pathol Transl Med 2021; 55:380-387. [PMID: 34614346 PMCID: PMC8601955 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2021.07.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary breast lesions (PBLs) comprise diverse entities from benign and atypical lesions to malignant tumors. Although PBLs are characterized by a papillary growth pattern, it is challenging to achieve high diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility. Thus, we investigated the diagnostic reproducibility of PBLs in core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens with World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Methods Diagnostic reproducibility was assessed using interobserver variability (kappa value, κ) and agreement rate in the pathologic diagnosis of 60 PBL cases on CNB among 20 breast pathologists affiliated with 20 medical institutions in Korea. This analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and p63. The pathologic diagnosis of PBLs was based on WHO classification, which was used to establish simple classifications (4-tier, 3-tier, and 2-tier). Results On WHO classification, H&E staining exhibited ‘fair agreement’ (κ = 0.21) with a 47.0% agreement rate. Simple classifications presented improvement in interobserver variability and agreement rate. IHC staining increased the kappa value and agreement rate in all the classifications. Despite IHC staining, the encapsulated/solid papillary carcinoma (EPC/SPC) subgroup (κ = 0.16) exhibited lower agreement compared to the non-EPC/SPC subgroup (κ = 0.35) with WHO classification, which was similar to the results of any other classification systems. Conclusions Although the use of IHC staining for CK5 and p63 increased the diagnostic agreement of PBLs in CNB specimens, WHO classification exhibited a higher discordance rate compared to any other classifications. Therefore, this result warrants further intensive consensus studies to improve the diagnostic reproducibility of PBLs with WHO classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ju Kang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ahrong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae Ree Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chungyeul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Kee Min
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Pathology, MizMedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Sung
- Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyang Im Lee
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ho Chang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun Young Jun
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Jung Jung
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Won Jung
- Department of Pathology, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Cho
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Yoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - In Ae Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmee Kwon
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Cho SY, Park SY, Bae YK, Kim JY, Kim EK, Kim WG, Kwon Y, Lee A, Lee HJ, Lee JS, Park JY, Gong G, Yoon HK. Standardized pathology report for breast cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2021; 55:1-15. [PMID: 33461287 PMCID: PMC7829577 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2020.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the recent advances in management and understanding of breast cancer, a standardized pathology report reflecting these changes is critical. To meet this need, the Breast Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists has developed a standardized pathology reporting format for breast cancer, consisting of 'standard data elements,' 'conditional data elements,' and a biomarker report form. The 'standard data elements' consist of the basic pathologic features used for prognostication, while other factors related to prognosis or diagnosis are described in the 'conditional data elements.' In addition to standard data elements, all recommended issues are also presented. We expect that this standardized pathology report for breast cancer will improve diagnostic concordance and communication between pathologists and clinicians, as well as between pathologists inter-institutionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Youn Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Youngmee Kwon
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Cho SY, Park SY, Bae YK, Kim JY, Kim EK, Kim WG, Kwon Y, Lee A, Lee HJ, Lee JS, Park JY, Gong G, Yoon HK. Standardized Pathology Report for Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2021; 24:1-21. [PMID: 33634617 PMCID: PMC7920867 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2021.24.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the recent advances in management and understanding of breast cancer, a standardized pathology report reflecting these changes is critical. To meet this need, the Breast Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists has developed a standardized pathology reporting format for breast cancer, consisting of ‘standard data elements,’ ‘conditional data elements,’ and a biomarker report form. The ‘standard data elements’ consist of the basic pathologic features used for prognostication, while other factors related to prognosis or diagnosis are described in the ‘conditional data elements.’ In addition to standard data elements, all recommended issues are also presented. We expect that this standardized pathology report for breast cancer will improve diagnostic concordance and communication between pathologists and clinicians, as well as between pathologists inter-institutionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Youn Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Youngmee Kwon
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Korea.
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Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, at morphological, molecular, and clinical levels and this has significant implications for the diagnosis and management of the disease. The introduction of breast screening, and the use of small tissue sampling for diagnosis, the recognition of new morphological and molecular subtypes, and the increasing use of neoadjuvant therapies have created challenges in pathological diagnosis and classification.Areas covered: Areas of potential difficulty include columnar cell lesions, particularly flat epithelial atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, lobular neoplasia and its variants, and a range of papillary lesions. Fibroepithelial, sclerosing, mucinous, and apocrine lesions are also considered. Established and newer prognostic and predictive markers, such as immune infiltrates, PD-1 and PD-L1 and gene expression assays are evaluated. The unique challenges of pathology assessment post-neoadjuvant systemic therapy are also explored.Expert opinion: Controversies in clinical management arise due to incomplete and sometimes conflicting data on clinicopathological associations, prognosis, and outcome. The review will address some of these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Inje College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Margaret C Cummings
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Kim JY, Kim WG, Kwon CH, Park DY. Differences in immune contextures among different molecular subtypes of gastric cancer and their prognostic impact. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:1164-1175. [PMID: 31152268 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancers have been recently classified in accordance with their molecular characteristics, thus demonstrating the complex nature of cancers and an association with the immune contexture within the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the molecular subtype and immune contexture of gastric cancers. METHODS The immune contexture, including the type, density, and location of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), of gastric cancer patients was examined and immune subtypes were classified based on it. In particular, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and TILs and Foxp3+ TILs was assessed in accordance with molecular subtypes. RESULTS High levels of visual TIL estimates and Foxp3+ TILs were markedly associated with increased overall survival (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, separately). Immune subtypes were associated with tumor size, gross type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastatic status, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and microsatellite instability status. EBV-positive (C1) and MSI (C2) gastric cancers, considered subtypes with better prognosis, were significantly associated with high TIL levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT, C3) gastric cancers with poor overall survival displayed low levels of Foxp3+ TILs. Type II tumors (low level of TILs/low PD-L1 expression) displayed a significant correlation with poor overall survival (P = 0.004) and accounted for the highest proportion in the aberrant p53-expressing (C4) gastric cancers. CONCLUSION The molecular subtype of gastric cancers is correlated with the immune subtype, including immune contexture and PD-L1 expression, within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Chae Hwa Kwon
- BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea.
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
- BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea.
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Ritterhouse LL, Wu EY, Kim WG, Dillon DA, Hirsch MS, Sholl LM, Agoston AT, Setia N, Lauwers GY, Park DY, Srivastava A, Doyle LA. Loss of SMAD4 protein expression in gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal carcinomas. Histopathology 2019; 75:546-551. [PMID: 31054158 DOI: 10.1111/his.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS SMAD4 (DPC4) is a tumour suppressor gene that is dysregulated in various tumour types, particularly pancreaticobiliary and gastrointestinal carcinomas. Corresponding loss of protein expression has been reported in approximately 50% of pancreatic and 25% of colonic adenocarcinomas. In the evaluation of carcinoma of unknown primary site, immunohistochemical loss of SMAD4 expression is often used to suggest pancreaticobiliary origin, but there are limited data on the spectrum of SMAD4 expression in carcinomas of other sites. This study evaluates the frequency of SMAD4 loss in a large cohort of carcinomas from diverse anatomical sites. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry for SMAD4 was performed on tissue microarrays or whole tissue sections of 1210 carcinomas from various organs: gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas/biliary tract, lung, breast, thyroid, kidney, ovary and uterus. Expression was considered lost when there was complete absence of staining in tumour cell nuclei, in the presence of intact staining in non-neoplastic cells. SMAD4 loss was seen in 58% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 27% of appendiceal adenocarcinomas, 19% of colorectal adenocarcinomas, 16% of cholangiocarcinomas, 10% of lung adenocarcinomas and <5% of oesophageal, breast, gastric and mucinous ovarian adenocarcinomas. All papillary thyroid, hepatocellular, non-mucinous ovarian, endometrial and renal cell carcinomas showed intact SMAD4 nuclear expression. CONCLUSION In addition to pancreaticobiliary, appendiceal and colonic tumours, SMAD4 loss is also seen in a small subset of other carcinomas, specifically breast, lung, oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas, all of which are typically CK7-positive, similar to pancreaticobiliary carcinoma. Awareness of SMAD4 loss in these other carcinoma types is helpful in the evaluation of carcinomas of unknown or uncertain primary site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Yiru Wu
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Haeundae Paik Hospital, University of Inje College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Deborah A Dillon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Agoston T Agoston
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Do Youn Park
- Pusan National University Medical School, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Leona A Doyle
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Kim SJ, Kim WG. Sonographic Features of a Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast as a Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Case Report. Am J Case Rep 2019; 20:612-619. [PMID: 31030205 PMCID: PMC6501734 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.915453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 24 Final Diagnosis: Myeloid sarcoma of the breast Symptoms: Breast lump Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Core needle biopsy Specialty: Radiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely develop in the breast. The cysts that do develop within the breast typically present as cutaneous or subcutaneous cysts. They more rarely present in a subareolar location or in a ruptured state. Thus far, 5 cases of ruptured epidermal inclusion cysts in subareolar locations have been reported in the English literature. Furthermore, clinical presentation of nipple discharge is rare in epidermal inclusion cysts of the breast; only 4 such cases has been reported. CASE REPORT A 58-year-old female presented with a 1-month history of bloody discharge from her left nipple. Mammography showed focal asymmetry in the left subareolar region; sonography showed a left subareolar mass with irregular shape, indistinct margin, heterogeneous echogenicity, and posterior enhancement. The mass was surgically excised; a pathological diagnosis of ruptured epidermal inclusion cyst with foreign body reaction and abscess formation was established. In this case, the clinical presentation of bloody nipple discharge was peculiar; furthermore, mammographic and sonographic features were indistinguishable from breast malignancy or typical breast abscess. CONCLUSIONS A ruptured epidermal inclusion cyst can present in an unusual subareolar location, combined with bloody nipple discharge; importantly, this can radiologically resemble breast malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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10
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Lee A, Jo S, Lee C, Shin HH, Kim TH, Ahn KJ, Park SK, Cho H, Yoon HK, Kim WG, Park J, Choi Y. Diabetes as a prognostic factor in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients treated with targeted therapy. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:672-680. [PMID: 30927244 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies revealed that metabolic stress influences the outcomes of breast cancer treatment. We sought to evaluate the prognostic effect of type 2 diabetes and find the molecular mechanism of relapses in postoperative HER-2+ breast cancer patients treated with HER-2 targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 190 HER-2+ breast cancer patients (pT1-4N0-2M0) who were treated with surgical resection and trastuzumab (HER-2 targeted therapy) between 2006 and 2015. Survival outcomes and failure patterns were compared between such patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 178) type 2 diabetes. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 42.4 months (range 12.0-124.7 months). Twenty-one patients (11.1%) showed relapse (including nine patients with locoregional failure), and three patients (1.6%) died as a result of cancer relapse. One-third of the patients with diabetes experienced relapse (4/12, 33.3%). The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 90.7% and 98.6%, respectively. Diabetic patients showed shorter DFS compared with non-diabetic patients (p = 0.006, 74.1% vs. 91.9%). OS was also shorter in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients (p = 0.017, 91.7% vs. 99.1%). Of our interest, the levels of HER-3 and its ligand neuregulin-1 were significantly increased in the tumor specimen in HER-2+ breast cancer patients suffering with type 2 diabetes than that in the euglycemic control group. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes was associated with detrimental effects on survival in postoperative HER-2+ breast cancer patients who were treated with trastuzumab. The poor prognostic effect of diabetes in HER-2+ breast cancer patients could be associated with the high levels of HER-3 and neuregulin 1, thus it should be considered and evaluated more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sunmi Jo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Changhu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institutes of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institutes of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Jung Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Kwang Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Heunglae Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institutes of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Yunseon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
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Abstract
Patient: Female, 47 Final Diagnosis: Flat epithelial atypia of the breast Symptoms: — Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Radiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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12
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Abstract
Patient: Female, 38 Final Diagnosis: Fibrocystic change Symptoms: Breast swelling Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Breast biopsy Specialty: Radiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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13
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Seo SH, Kim KH, Oh SH, Choi Y, Ahn KJ, Lee JY, Lee SM, Park J, Kim WG. Ki-67 labeling index as a prognostic marker in advanced stomach cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2018; 96:27-33. [PMID: 30603631 PMCID: PMC6306504 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2019.96.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proliferation marker Ki-67 is widely used in cancer prognosis prediction. We tried to investigate the role of Ki-67 as a prognostic factor in stomach cancer after surgery in this study. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 251 patients who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer from 2010 to 2015. In pathologic examination, Ki-67 labeling index was defined as the percentage of Ki-67 antigen positive cells. Prognostic significance of Ki-67 for gastric cancer was evaluated. Disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed as a primary end-point. Results The median follow-up period was 28.0 months. Thirty-one patients (12.4%) showed Ki-67 labeling index (LI) lower than 25%. Sixty-eight patients (26.6%) showed recurrence during follow-up period. Recurrence was associated with Ki-67 LI level (≤25%, P = 0.016), and lymph node metastasis status (P = 0.002). High Ki-67 LI level (>25%) was also related to p53 positivity (P < 0.001) and poorly cohesive type (P = 0.002). The 3-year DFS was 69.4%. Low Ki-67 LI level (≤25%) was related with low DFS (47.6% vs. 72.6%, P = 0.016). T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.006), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.010), and neuronal invasion (P = 0.001) also affected the DFS. In addition, T stage (P = 0.03) and Ki-67 LI (P = 0.035) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. In patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 239, 93.4%), low Ki-67 (≤25%) was a poor prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.013). Conclusion Low Ki-67 LI predicts high rate of progression and low DFS of stomach cancer. Ki-67 LI can be a predictive marker in resected stomach cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Seo
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Oh
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yunseon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Jung Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jisun Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
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14
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Lee JS, Kim WG. Potential protective effect of ALDH-1 stromal expression against early recurrence of operable breast cancers. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:43. [PMID: 30596083 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The emerging cancer stem cell (CSC) model proposes that the stem cell niche plays a major role in the risk of cancer recurrence. Enzymatic activity of aldehydes, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH-1), has been used as a marker of normal and malignant breast stem cells (BSCs). However, the clinical implications of the expression of stem cell markers in the stroma have not yet been investigated. Methods To determine the relationships of ALDH-1 expression, the currently reliable BSCs marker, with clinical characteristics and survival, we used immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays from 180 stroma and epithelial cancer tissues in patients diagnosed with operable early breast cancer (stage 0-III). Results ALDH-1 expression was observed in 93.4% of the stromal cells and in 37.2% of the epithelial cells, and the expression levels between the two cell types were significantly correlated (P=0.001). The stromal expression of ALDH-1 was not correlated with any clinical factors, whereas epithelial expression was significantly correlated with a negative estrogen-receptor status (P<0.001), high proliferation based on Ki-67 expression (P<0.001), and younger age (P=0.04). After 27.8 months of follow up, negative stromal expression of ALDH-1 was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (positive, 56.9±3.0 months vs. negative, 30.5±3.0 months; P=0.01). Conclusions Stromal ALDH-1 expression was not directly correlated with known clinical factors, but its expression may play a protective role against early recurrence. Further observation and large-scale studies are needed to validate the clinical implications of ALDH-1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 48108, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 48108, Korea
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15
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Lee JS, Kim WG. Cutaneous metastases of breast cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy correlates with increasing CD44 +/CD24 - and ALDH-1 expression: a case report and literature review. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:7. [PMID: 29682514 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) within a tumor are scarce and self-sustaining and they have the abilities for self-renewal and the potential of giving rise to diverse types of cells that compose the tumor. These cells are suggested to be associated with therapeutic failure, and therefore they remain as an important issue in this regard. We report the cases of two breast cancer patients diagnosed with rapid cutaneous metastases during adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy after curative mastectomy. For elucidating a relationship between CSCs and resistance to chemotherapy, we evaluated primary tumor and metastatic cutaneous lesions by CSC markers in immunohistochemical stains (CD44+/CD24- and ALDH-1). Either CD44+/CD24- or ALDH-1 expression increased compared to primary breast cancer during chemotherapy. This case report shows that CD44+/CD24- or ALDH-1 expression in primary or cutaneous metastatic breast cancer may be associated with rapid onset chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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16
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Abstract
Background We implanted frozen and acellularized porcine xenograft vessels as small-diameter arterial grafts in goats and comparatively analyzed the explanted grafts by gross observation and by light microscopy at predetermined periods. Materials and Methods Porcine carotid arteries were harvested and immediately stored within a tissue preservation solution at −70°C in a freezer designated for frozen xenograft vessels. The acellularized xenograft vessels were prepared with NaCl-SDS solution and stored frozen until use. One pair of porcine xenograft vessels were used to compare the frozen and acellularized grafts in the bilateral carotid arteries in one goat. The grafts were implanted for one, 3, and 6 months in three animals. Periodic ultrasonographic examinations were performed during the observation period. Explanted grafts were analyzed by gross observation, and by light microscopy. Results All animals survived the experimental procedure without specific problems. Ultrasonographic examinations showed excellent patency in all grafts during the observation period. Gross observations revealed nonthrombotic patent smooth lumens. Microscopic examinations of the explanted grafts showed satisfactory cellular reconstruction to the 6-month stage. Although more inflammatory responses were observed in the early phase of implantation of frozen xenografts than of acellularized xenografts, there was no evidence of significant rejection of the frozen xenografts. Conclusion These findings suggest that porcine vessel xenografts, regardless of them being acellularized or simply frozen xenografts, can be acceptably implanted in goats as a form of small-diameter vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongon-Dong 28, Chongro-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
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17
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Kim WG, Lee WY, Mi Kim J, Moon HJ. Tissue-Engineered Acellularized Valve Xenografts: A Comparative Animal Study between Plain Acellularized Xenografts and Autologous Endothelial Cell Seeded Acellularized Xenografts. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 27:501-8. [PMID: 15293356 DOI: 10.1177/039139880402700609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Acellularized valve xenografts are considered a promising way of overcoming the inherent limitations of current prosthetic valves. The aim of this study was to compare the biological responses of an autologous endothelial cell seeded acellularized xenograft (AAX) and a plain acellularized xenograft (PAX) implanted in the pulmonary valve leaflet in the same animal. Methods Endothelial cells were isolated and cultured from the jugular vein of goats. Porcine valve leaflets were acellularized with Nacl-SDS, and for AAX, leaflets were then seeded with autologous endothelial cells. A PAX and an AAX were implanted as double pulmonary valve leaflet replacement in the same animal in a goat model (n=6). After sacrifice, the implanted valve leaflet tissues were retrieved and analyzed visually and under a light microscope. Results and Conclusions Six animals were sacrificed as scheduled during the short-term (6 and 24 hours), mid-term (1 week and 1 month) and long-term (3 and 6 months). Gross and ultrasonographic examinations revealed good valve function with no thrombosis but with slight thickening. Microscopic analysis of the leaflets showed abundant cellular ingrowth into the acellularized leaflets over time. The role of endothelial cell seeding remains controversial. This animal experiment demonstrates the practical feasibility of using acellularized valve xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Heart Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Kim WG, Lee J. Axillary Skip Metastases and the False-Negative Rate of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Breast Cancer Are Related to Negative ALDH-1 Expression and Ki-67 Expression. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 25:397-405. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896917690024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been hypothesized to be the driving force behind tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the relationships between CSC expressions in primary breast cancers and corresponding metastatic sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes (SLNs and NSLNs). The clinical implications of these relationships were also investigated. CSC expressions were evaluated in 167 breast cancer specimens and associated lymph node biopsies (when present). We used double immunohistochemistry of CD44/CD24 and single immunohistochemistry of ALDH-1 on paraffin-embedded breast tissue, SLN, and NSLN specimens. Seven cases had metastatic NSLNs without SLN involvement—so-called “skip metastasis.” Fifty cases of SLNs (29.9%) and 33 cases of NSLNs (25.7%) had metastases. In the breast cancers, metastatic SLNs, and NSLNs, the expression rates of CD44+/CD24− were 47.9%, 26.1%, and 34.6 %, respectively, while the expression rates of ALDH-1+ were 42.5%, 36.4%, and 33.3%, respectively. Significant relationships were not observed between CSC expressions in breast cancer and metastatic SLNs or NSLNs. The presence of skip metastasis correlated with negative ALDH-1 in breast cancer ( P = .04), as well as several clinicopathologic factors: age >50 years ( P = .004), negative lymphovascular tumor emboli ( P = .02), and high Ki-67 expression ( P = .04). Axillary lymph node metastasis showed no significant relationship with any CSC marker. However, CD44+/CD24− and ALDH-1 expressions of metastatic SLNs correlated with CSCs of primary breast cancers. In summary, skip metastasis correlated with negative expression of ALDH-1 in primary breast cancers, which could be promising as a means of assessing the risk of skip metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - JungSun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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19
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Choi JH, Heo NY, Park SH, Park CS, Jo KM, Kim WG, Nam KH. [Concomitant Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom Syndrome from Ethambutol and Autoimmune Hepatitis from Isoniazid]. Korean J Gastroenterol 2016; 67:267-271. [PMID: 27206439 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2016.67.5.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis drugs can produce levels of hepatotoxicity ranging from mild elevation of aminotransferase to severe acute hepatitis. A few cases of drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis or the drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom (DRESS) syndrome by anti-tuberculosis medications have been reported. However, concomitant occurrence of these two disorders has not been reported. Here, we present a case of severe acute hepatitis with DRESS syndrome and autoimmune hepatitis resulting from primary standard anti-tuberculosis drugs. Both conditions were successfully treated with a systemic steroid regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Nae Yun Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chan Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Seo GW, Seol SH, Song PS, Kim DK, Kim KH, Kim WG, Kim YM, Oh SJ, Jun HJ, Kim DI. Right ventricle inflow obstructing mass proven to be a synovial sarcoma. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:E226-9. [PMID: 25364537 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.09.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma is the most common malignant cardiac tumor. The chief modes of presentation are embolization, obstruction, and arrhythmogenesis. We describe an unusual case of a 27-year-old man who presented with nausea and dyspnea on exertion. Transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography revealed a huge mass in the right heart that extended through the inferior vena cava and right renal vein to the right kidney. The cardiac mass was resected, and an immunohistochemical analysis revealed it to be a TLE1-positive synovial sarcoma. After surgery, the patient received serial adjuvant chemotherapy. We herein describe the case with a brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Won Seo
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Seol
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Pil-Sang Song
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong-Kie Kim
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Kim
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Oh
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Jun
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Doo-Il Kim
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicinie, 2 Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea ; 3 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ; 4 Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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21
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Choi HW, Hong SK, Lee YK, Kim WG. First Report of Fusarium succisae Causing Flower Rot on Thread-leaf Coreopsis. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1002. [PMID: 30708911 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-13-1205-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In July 2010, flower rot of thread-leaf coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata) was found in a garden in the Icheon City, Korea. The disease affected about 20 to 50% of a 100 m2 area. The disease was characterized by the appearance of pinkish mycelia on the stigmata and inflorescences of flowers. In some cases, flowers failed to bloom or turned brown before opening fully. Fragments (each 5 × 5 mm) of the symptomatic tissue were surface-sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 1 min, and then rinsed twice in sterilized distilled water. The tissue pieces were placed on water agar (WA) and incubated at 25°C for 4 to 6 days. Twenty-two isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from the diseased flowers. All isolates were identified as Fusarium succisae based on their morphological characteristics on carnation leaf agar (CLA) medium and DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (1). Macroconidia and sporodochia were sparsely produced on CLA medium. Microconidia were abundant, borne in false heads, oval or allantoid and sometimes pyriform, and measured 4.2 to 13 × 2.2 to 5.4 μm. Chlamydospores were absent. The EF-1α gene was amplified from three isolates by PCR assay and the amplification products were sequenced (2). The nucleotide sequences obtained were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KF514658, KF514659, and KF514660. BLASTn analysis showed 99% homology with the EF-1α sequence of F. succisae NRRL13613 (GenBank Accession No. AF160291). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with inoculation of flowers on Coreopsis verticillata. Spore suspension was prepared by flooding 7-day-old cultures on potato dextrose agar with sterilized 2% (w/v) sugar solution. When the plants started to have buds, the isolates were inoculated by placing one drop (20 μl) of spore suspension (1 × 106 spores ml-1) into the buds. Fifteen buds of the plants were arranged into three replications. The control was treated with sterilized 2% sugar solution. Inoculated plants were kept in a greenhouse at 25/20°C (12 h/12 h). Three weeks after inoculation, the symptoms were observed on buds with mycelial production. Control plants had no mycelia on buds. F. succisae was re-isolated from the inoculated flowers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of flower rot of thread-leaf coreopsis caused by F. succisae. References: (1) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006. (2) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 95:2044, 1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-W Choi
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Y K Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - W G Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
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Cho KS, Park CW, Kim CK, Jeon HY, Kim WG, Lee SJ, Kim YM, Lee JY, Choi YD. Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:503-7. [PMID: 23708462 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have promoted the root-derived Korean red ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) as alternative treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), and ginsenosides are known to be the principal active ingredients of ginseng. Recent studies showed that ginseng berries produce more ginsenosides than KRG; thus, we investigated the ability of the Korean ginseng berry extract GB0710 to relax the penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) in this study. As a comparative control, the results were compared to those obtained using KRG. In addition, possible mechanisms of action for GB0710 were investigated. While KRG and GB0710 both displayed dose-dependent relaxation effects on precontracted rabbit CCSM in vitro, GB0710 was shown to be more potent than KRG. The GB0710-induced relaxation could be partially reduced by removing the endothelium. In addition, pre-treatment with several nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors significantly inhibited the relaxation of muscle strips. Furthermore, administration of GB0710 increased intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in a rat in vivo model in both a dose- and duration-dependent manner. Intracellular NO production in human microvascular endothelial cells could be induced by GB0710 and inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. In conclusion, GB0710 had a greater relaxation effect on rabbit CCSM than did KRG extract, and increased ICP in a rat model in both a dose- and a duration-dependent manner. This relaxing effect might be mediated by NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Cho
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Choi YD, Park CW, Jang J, Kim SH, Jeon HY, Kim WG, Lee SJ, Chung WS. Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract on sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study. Int J Impot Res 2012; 25:45-50. [PMID: 23254461 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2012.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng is beneficial for many aspects of human physiology, including sexual function. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy and safety of an extract of ginseng berry, which has a ginsenoside profile distinct from other parts of the plant, on sexual function in men with erectile dysfunction. In all, 119 men with mild-to-moderate ED participated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical study. They were administered 4 tablets of either standardized Korean ginseng berry (SKGB, 350 mg ginseng berry extract per tablet), or placebo, daily, for 8 weeks. Efficacy was assessed with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-15 and premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) at the end of the 4th and 8th week. We observed that the total and each of the individual domain scores of IIEF-15 increased from 40.95 ± 7.05 to 46.19 ± 12.69 significantly in the SKGB by the 8th week (P<0.05). The erectile function domain of IIEF changed slightly from 17.17 ± 2.57 to 18.59 ± 5.99 in the SKGB group by the 8th week (P<0.05). In addition, PEDT scores significantly improved from 9.14 ± 4.57 to 7.97 ± 4.4 and 7.53 ± 4.26 in the SKGB group after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). Safety markers including hormone and lipid in the blood were assessed at the end of the 4th and 8th week and they remained unchanged. Oral administration of the SKGB extract improved all domains of sexual function. It can be used as an alternative medicine to improve sexual life in men with sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Choi
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim WG, Choi HJ, Kim WB, Kim EY, Yim JH, Kim TY, Gong G, Kim SY, Chung N, Shong YK. Basal STAT3 activities are negatively correlated with tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinomas. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:413-8. [PMID: 21897114 DOI: 10.3275/7907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Signal transducer and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in promoting survival and cell growth as well as facilitating angiogenesis and metastasis in several cancers. AIM This investigation focused on evaluation of STAT3 activities in human papillary thyroid cancers (PTC). METHODS STAT3 activities of nuclear extracts of tumor tissue were measured from 35 PTC patients using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay-based kits. RESULTS STAT3 activities of PTC tissues were significantly lower than those of surrounding normal thyroid tissues [0.36 (interquartile range 0.24-0.72) vs 0.50 (0.29-1.11) arbitrary units, p<0.01]. We further analyzed the association between STAT3 activity and clinicopathologic factors in PTC tissue. Tumors with size ≥2 cm displayed significantly lower STAT3 activities than those <2 cm [0.25 (0.21-0.37) vs 0.53 (0.37-0.61) arbitrary units, p<0.01]. Notably, tumor size was inversely correlated with STAT3 activities in T1799A BRAF mutation-positive cases (Rs=-0.58, p<0.05), but not mutation-negative cases. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 activities of PTC measured via DNA binding are suppressed in contrast to other human cancers. Tumor size larger than 2 cm is the only clinicopathologic parameter associated with low STAT3 activity. Moreover, tumor size appears inversely correlated with STAT3 activity, specifically in T1799A BRAF mutation-positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
In June 2010, an internal fruit rot of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit was found in a commercial greenhouse in Ilsan City, Korea. Disease incidence reached approximately 5% of 30 tons of harvested peppers. Affected fruits commonly did not show external symptoms. However, when the fruit was cut open, an internal rot and pinkish gray mycelium were observed on the seeds and the inner surface of fruit. Discolored soft patches, browning, and necrosis were observed on the outer surface of some fruits. Fragments (5 × 5 mm2) of the affected tissues were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 30 s and then rinsed twice in sterile distilled water. The pieces were placed on water agar and incubated at 25°C for 4 to 6 days. Twenty-nine Fusarium isolates were obtained from 12 diseased fruits and maintained on synthetic low nutrient agar (SNA) at 10°C. The isolates were cultured on carnation leaf agar (CLA) and SNA at 23°C with 12 h of near-ultraviolet light per day for 14 days. Microconidia were abundant, borne in short, zig-zag chains or false heads, obovoid or clavate with a flattened base, and measured 4.3 to 7.1 × 2.2 to 3.3 μm. Macroconidia were sparse, thin walled, slender, straight to slightly curved, and measured 32 to 48 × 2.8 to 3.9 μm. Sporodochia were rare on CLA and chlamydospores were absent. The translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene was amplified from four isolates (SPF01, SPF09, SPF16, and SPF22) by PCR assay using ef1 and ef2 primers (2), and the 700-bp amplification products were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JF411956 to JF411959). BLAST analysis showed 98% homology with the EF-1α sequence of Fusarium lactis NRRL25200 (GenBank Accession No. AF160272). All isolates were identified as F. lactis based on morphological and molecular characteristics (1). Pathogenicity tests of the four isolates were conducted by inoculating flowers on plants of the orange pepper cv. Orange Glory (3). A spore suspension was prepared by flooding 5-day-old cultures on potato dextrose agar with sterile distilled water. When the plants started to flower, each flower was inoculated by placing 20 μl of spore suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml) on each flower. Four isolates of F. lactis were each inoculated onto three flowers on each of seven plants. Flowers from the same number of plants inoculated with sterile distilled water were used as the control treatment. Inoculated plants were kept in a greenhouse at 25°C by day and 20°C by night. Sixty days after inoculation, mature fruits were harvested and cut open to check for internal rot. Approximately 70% of inoculated fruits showed internal rot and pinkish gray mycelial growth on the inner surface of the fruits. No symptoms were observed on the control fruits. Fungal cultures resembling F. lactis were reisolated from inoculated fruits for all four isolates, fulfilling Koch's postulates. F. lactis has been reported on sweet pepper in the Netherlands and Canada (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of internal fruit rot of sweet pepper caused by F. lactis in Korea. Although disease severity was low in this greenhouse, the economic impact on sweet pepper could be significant because the disease can reduce the quality, quantity, and market value of pepper fruits. References: (1) H. I. Nirenberg and K. O'Donnell. Mycologia 90:434, 1998. (2) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:2044, 1998. (3) J. Yang et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 31:47, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-W Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - W G Kim
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Y K Lee
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
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Yoon MS, Suh DS, Choi KU, Sol MY, Shin DH, Park WY, Lee JH, Jeong SM, Kim WG, Shin NR. High-throughput DNA hypermethylation profiling in different ovarian epithelial cancer subtypes using universal bead array. Oncol Rep 2011; 24:917-25. [PMID: 20811671 DOI: 10.3892/or.2010.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA hypermethylation is common and plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. It is considered a major cause of carcinogenesis. High-throughput profiling method has been developed to analyze the methylation status of hundreds of pre-selected genes simultaneously. The aim of this study was to analyze promoter hypermethylation profiles of each subtype of ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC), to improve the understanding of the role of epigenetic silencing in carcinogenesis. DNA hypermethylation profiles on fresh frozen tissue samples of 5 serous, 3 mucinous, 5 endometrioid and 4 clear cell types of OEC, as well as 5 normal ovarian tissue samples as control. We used a high-throughput method for analyzing the hypermethylation status of 1,505 CpG loci selected from 871 genes simultaneously by GoldenGate Methylation Cancer Panel I (Illumina Human-6 v2 Expression BeadChip). Methylation status of seven genes was verified by methylation specific PCR (MSP). We identified 20, 37, 15 and 56 hypermethylated CpG locations in serous, mucinous, endometrioid and clear cell type OEC compared to control. Only 6 CpG loci were commonly hypermethylated across all subtypes of OEC. Hypermethylated loci of serous 17 (81.0%) and endometrioid type 10 (71.4%) were identical to that of clear cell type. However, mucinous type showed 17 peculiar loci (43.6%) out of 39 hypermethylated loci. The unique DNA hypermethylation patterns identified in different OEC subtypes suggest that their cause may involve different epigenetic mechanisms and the Bead chip used in this study is a useful tool to analyze DNA hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Soo Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Muk Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Won Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Na Ri Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Gi Yeong Huh
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Hun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Myung IS, Lee YK, Lee SW, Kim WG, Shim HS, Ra DS. A New Disease, Bacterial Leaf Spot of Rape, Caused by Atypical Pseudomonas viridiflava in South Korea. Plant Dis 2010; 94:1164. [PMID: 30743700 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-94-9-1164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In March 2007, a bacterial leaf spot of rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) was observed in fields near Seogwipo City, Jeju Province, South Korea. Symptoms on leaves included white and corky-brown spots and sometimes water-soaked spots on the lower leaf surface. Seven bacterial isolates (BC2495-BC2497 and BC2506-BC2509) were recovered on trypticase soy agar (TSA) from leaf spot lesions surface sterilized in 70% ethyl alcohol for 1 min. Isolates were gram-negative, aerobic rods with one to three flagella. Pathogenicity was evaluated on 2-week-old rape plants by spot and spray inoculation. Bacteria were grown on TSA for 48 h at 25°C. Five microliters of bacterial suspension in sterile distilled water (1 × 105 CFU/ml) were spot inoculated on pinpricked positions of five detached leaves for each isolate. The detached leaves were incubated in a plastic box with high humidity at 20°C. Spot-inoculated surfaces turned white 48 h after inoculation followed by a brownish discoloration. A bacterial suspension in sterile distilled water (100 ml at 1 × 105 CFU/ml) was sprayed onto three plants for each isolate. Plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 20°C and 90% relative humidity. Isolates induced identical symptoms 2 weeks after spray inoculation as those originally observed on rape in the fields. Bacteria were reisolated 18 days after inoculation from diseased lesions surface sterilized in 70% ethyl alcohol for 1 min. Pathogenicity of the reisolated bacteria was confirmed by spot inoculation as described above. No symptoms were noted on detached leaves and intact plants inoculated with sterilized distilled water. Using the Biolog Microbial Identification System, Version 4.2 (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA), the isolates were identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava with a Biolog similarity index range of 0.52 to 0.72 after 24 h. Results of LOPAT tests (2) of isolates were identical to that of atypical P. viridiflava reported by Gonzalez et al. (1). Levan production and pectolytic activity of the isolates were variable. All isolates were positive for tobacco hypersensitivity and negative for oxidase reaction and arginine dihydrolase production. The 16S rDNA region (1,442 bp) of the isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. HM190218-HM190224; P. viridiflava CFBP2107T = HM190229), amplified by using universal PCR primers, shared 100% sequence identity with atypical P. viridiflava (GenBank Accession No. AM182934) (1). The gyrB sequence (638 bp) from the isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. HM190232-HM190238; P. viridiflava CFBP2107T = HM190239), amplified by using previously reported PCR primers (3), had a distance index value range of 0.029 to 0.031 with that of the P. viridiflava CFBP2107T (=BC2597) as determined by Jukes-Cantor model using MEGA Version 4.1 (4). On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and the sequences, the seven isolates were identified as atypical P. viridiflava. The disease is named "bacterial leaf spot". To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial leaf spot of rape caused by atypical P. viridiflava. References: (1) A. J. Gonzalez et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:2936, 2003. (2) R. A. Lelliott et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966. (3) H. Sawada et al. J. Mol. Evol. 49:627, 1999. (4) K. Tamura et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24:1596, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-S Myung
- Crop Protection, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Y-K Lee
- Crop Protection, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Agricultural Microbiology, NAAS, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - W G Kim
- Crop Protection, NAAS, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - H S Shim
- Crop Protection, NAAS, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - D-S Ra
- Pesticide Safety Engineering, NAAS, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
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Myung IS, Kim JW, An SH, Lee JH, Kim SK, Lee YK, Kim WG. Wildfire of Soybean Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, a New Disease in Korea. Plant Dis 2009; 93:1214. [PMID: 30754606 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-93-11-1214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2006 and 2007, a new bacterial disease was observed in field-cultivated soybeans in Boeun District and Munkyung City of Korea. The disease caused severe blighting of soybean (Glycine max) leaves. Soybean leaves in fields showed yellowish spots with brown centers. Brown and dead areas of variable size and shape were surrounded by wide, yellow haloes with distinct margins. Spots might coalesce and affected leaves fell readily. Seven bacterial strains were isolated from chlorotic areas of soybean leaves and all produced white colonies on trypticase soy agar. With the Biolog Microbial Identification System, version 4.2, (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) all strains and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci CFBP2106T were identified as P. syringae pv. tabaci with a Biolog similarity index of 0.28 to 0.52 and 0.48 after 24 h. Pathogenicity of the strains (three plants per strain) on soybean leaves at the V5 stage (cv. Hwanggeum) was confirmed by rub inoculation with bacterial suspensions (1 × 108 CFU/ml) in sterile distilled water on the lesions cut 1 cm long on the upper side of the leaves with razor blades and by pinprick on 3-week-old leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun) in the greenhouse. Wildfire symptoms on the soybean leaves and faint halos on tobacco leaves were observed 4 days after inoculation. The identification of reisolated bacterial strains was confirmed with the metabolic fingerprintings on Biolog. LOPAT tests (1) and phenotypic characteristics (3) of the strains were similar to those of the CFBP2106T. Colonies were levan positive, oxidase negative, potato soft rot negative, arginine dihydrase negative, and tobacco hypersensitivity negative. All strains were gram-negative, aerobic rods with a polar flagellum. Strains were negative for esculin hydrolysis, gelatin liquefaction, urea production, accumulation of poly-β-hydroxy butyrate, starch hydrolysis, ornithine dihydrolase, lysine dihydrolase, growth at 37°C, utilization of geraniol, benzoate, cellobiose, sorbitol, trehalose, l-rhamnose, and adonitol. Positive reactions were catalase and arbutin hydrolysis, utilization of sorbitol, d-arabinose, and dl-serine. The strains were variable in utilization of mannitol, sucrose, and d-arabinose. The 1,472-bp PCR fragments of strains, BC2366 (GenBank Accession No. FJ755788) and BC2367 (No. FJ755789) was sequenced using 16S rDNA universal primers (2). The sequences shared 100% identity with the analogous sequences of P. syringae pv. glycenea (GenBank Accession No. AB001443) available in NCBI databases. Based on the phenotypic, genetic, and pathological characteristics, all strains were identified as P. syringae pv. tabaci. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. syringae pv. tabaci causing wildfire on soybean in Korea. References: (1) R. A. Lelliott et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966. (2) I.-S. Myung et al. Plant Dis. 92:1472, 2008. (3) N. W. Schaad et al., eds. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-S Myung
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - J-W Kim
- Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea
| | - S H An
- Breeding Team, AgroLife Research Institute, Dongbu HiTec Co., Ltd., Anseong 456-933, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Northern Agricultural Research Station, Gyeonggi Province Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Yeoncheon 486-833, Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Northern Agricultural Research Station, Gyeonggi Province Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Yeoncheon 486-833, Korea
| | - Y-K Lee
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, NAAS, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - W G Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, NAAS, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
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Jeon HY, Kim JK, Kim WG, Lee SJ. Effects of oral epigallocatechin gallate supplementation on the minimal erythema dose and UV-induced skin damage. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 22:137-41. [PMID: 19212149 DOI: 10.1159/000201562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Excessive exposure to UV radiation causes acute adverse effects like sunburn and photosensitivity reactions and is involved in the induction and development of skin cancer. It has been reported that antioxidants have photoprotective effects against solar UV radiation. We investigated the effect of oral epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a powerful antioxidant in green tea, on the minimal erythema dose (MED) and UV-induced skin damage. METHOD Female HWY/Slc hairless rats were fed the normal diet supplemented with 1,500 ppm EGCG for 8 weeks; then, the MED was determined and visual scores and transepidermal water loss were assessed to evaluate the severity of UV-induced skin damage. RESULTS At week 8 of the study, the use of dietary EGCG significantly increased MED. UV-radiation-induced sunburn severity and alterations in epidermal barrier function were also attenuated by the supplementation of EGCG. CONCLUSION Regular intake of EGCG strengthens the skin's tolerance by increasing MED and thus prevents UV-induced perturbation of epidermal barrier function and skin damage. These results suggest that EGCG is a potent candidate for systemic photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Jeon
- Food Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Korea
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Myung IS, Kim DG, An SH, Lee YK, Kim WG. First Report of Bacterial Canker of Tomato Caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Korea. Plant Dis 2008; 92:1472. [PMID: 30769542 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-10-1472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2007, a new bacterial disease was observed in greenhouse-cultivated cherry tomatoes in Cheorwon and Iksan provinces, Korea. The disease caused severe wilt of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Koko). Infected young petioles were curled downward. Margins of the leaves rolled upward and whole leaves were distorted. Stem cankers had reddish or dark brown cavities. Vascular tissues in stems cut longitudinally were brown to deep brown, but no bird's eye lesions were observed. Eight bacterial strains recovered from the stems of wilted tomatoes produced yellow colonies on nutrient broth-yeast extract agar and pink colonies on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Pathogenicity of the strains (three plants per strain) on 18-day-old tomatoes (cv. Koko) was confirmed by clip inoculation of petioles of second leaves and spray inoculation with bacterial suspensions (1 × 108 CFU/ml) in sterile distilled water. Wilt and canker symptoms were observed 2 weeks after inoculation. Symptoms produced by both inoculation methods were systemic and localized. Clip inoculation of tomatoes resulted in wilt, defoliation, and open stem cankers, whereas small, white spots (2 to 3 mm in diameter) and sometimes water-soaked, dark brown-to-black lesions on the leaf margins were observed with spray inoculation. Bacteria were reisolated from stems and leaves of the inoculated plants and their identities confirmed by direct PCR using specific primer set CMM5/CMM6 (1). No symptoms were observed on negative control plants inoculated with sterile water. All strains were gram-positive aerobic rods with no polar flagella. Strains were positive for esculin hydrolysis, gelatin liquefaction, H2S production from peptone, utilization of citrate and succinate, and acid from d(+)mannose and negative for starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis, methyl red reaction, acid from inulin, mannitol, d(+)-melezitose and d(-)sobitol, and utilization of acetate, formate, lactate, propionate, and ribose. Identification as C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was confirmed using 16S rDNA universal primers fD1 and rP2 (4) and internal primers (3). The 1,439-bp PCR fragment of strain BC2643 was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU685335) and compared with reference C. michiganensis subspecies strains in GenBank: AM410696 (C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis), AM410693 (C. michiganensis subsp. tessellarius), AM410697 (C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis), AM410694 (C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus), and AM410695 (C. michiganensis subsp. insidiosus). The sequence had a similarity index of 0.999 calculated by Juke-Cantor model (2) with the 16S rRNA sequence of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (AM410696). The fragment size of eight strains amplified by PCR using CMM5/CMM6 (1) was identical to that of the C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis reference strain KACC20122. On the basis of the physiological, genetic, and pathological characteristics, all strains were identified as C. michiganensis subsp. michiganenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganenesis causing bacterial canker on tomato in Korea. References: (1) J. A. Dreier et al. Phytopathology 85:464, 1995. (2) S. Kumar et al. Brief. Bioinform. 5:50, 2004. (3) S. W. Kwon et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:1061, 1997. (4) W. G. Weinsburg et al. J. Bacteriol. 173, 697, 1991.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-S Myung
- Plant Pathology Division, NIAST, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - D G Kim
- Plant Pathology Division, NIAST, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - S H An
- Breeding Team, AgroLife Research Institute, Dongbu HiTec Co., Ltd., 481-3, Deongbong-ri, Yangseong-myun, Anseong, Kyungki, 456-933, Korea
| | - Y-K Lee
- Plant Pathology Division, NIAST, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - W G Kim
- Plant Pathology Division, NIAST, Suwon 441-707, Korea
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study was designed to determine the in vivo patency and recellularization pattern of acellularized small-diameter xenogenic arterial grafts. We implanted acellularized porcine carotid arteries in bilateral carotid arteries of goats and microscopically analyzed the recellularization pattern of these grafts with the recipient's cells over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS Carotid arteries of pigs weighing 30-40 kg were harvested and decellularized with hypertonic saline followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Acellularized porcine carotid vascular xenografts (0.4-0.5 cm in diameter) were prepared into 4 cm-long segments and implanted bilaterally in the carotid arteries of 10 black-haired goats. The in vivo patency of the implanted acellularized xenogenic grafts was evaluated at regular intervals by color Doppler ultrasonography. The goats were sacrificed at predetermined intervals (1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months after implantation), two animals at each interval. Upon retrieval, visual inspections and histopathologic examinations of the grafts were performed. To identify smooth muscle cells and functioning endothelial cells, immunohistochemical staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin and von Willebrand factor were also performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS All experimental animals survived the observation period. Nineteen out of 20 implanted grafts showed patency with no thrombi. Microscopic analysis revealed that the grafts were completely covered with the hosts' endothelial cells, beginning from anastomotic sites. The grafts were gradually recellularized with recipients'cells including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, this study suggested that acellularized xenogenic vascular grafts can be a good alternative for the small-diameter vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Seoul Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Han JS, Cheng JH, Yoon TM, Song J, Rajkarnikar A, Kim WG, Yoo ID, Yang YY, Suh JW. Biological control agent of common scab disease by antagonistic strain Bacillus sp. sunhua. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 99:213-21. [PMID: 15960681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify an antagonistic strain against Streptomyces scabiei and to characterize the antibiotic agent. The efficacy of the isolated strain in controlling common scab disease was also evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS A bacterial strain antagonistic against S. scabiei was isolated from the soil of a potato-cultivating area. This bacterium was identified as a Bacillus species by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and was designated Bacillus sp. sunhua. Antibiotics produced by this strain were proven to be stable within a broad pH range and at high temperatures. The culture broth was extracted with ethyl acetate, and then the crude extract was applied to HPLC. Two compounds were isolated and identified as iturin A and macrolactin A by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMBC, HMQC and mass spectrometer. The culture broth of Bacillus sp. sunhua had a suppressive effect on common scab disease in a pot assay, decreasing the infection rate from 75 to 35%. This strain also suppressed Fusarium oxysporum, the pathogen of potato dry rot disease. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus sp. sunhua was shown to inhibit S. scabiei effectively. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report demonstrating that macrolactin A and iturin A inhibit S. scabiei. This study demonstrated the possibility of controlling potato scab disease using Bacillus sp. sunhua.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Han
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
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Chung J, Lee JH, Choi J, Lee J, Kim WG, Sun K, Min BG. Home Care Artificial Heart Monitoring System via Internet. Int J Artif Organs 2004; 27:898-903. [PMID: 15560684 DOI: 10.1177/039139880402701011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The availability of a remote management system, which provides both physiological-related information about the patient and device-related information about the implanted device, would be helpful during in vivo experiments or clinical trials involving artificial heart implantation. In order to be able to monitor the course of the in vivo experiment continuously regardless of the patient's location, an internet-based remote monitoring system was developed, which can monitor physiological-related information such as pressure (AoP, LAP, RAP, PAP) and flow data, as well as device-related information such as current, direction and pump operating conditions. The home care artificial heart monitoring system which we developed consists of four main components, which are the transcutaneous information transmission system (TITS), local monitoring station (LMS), data server station (DSS), and client monitoring station (CMS). The device-related information and physiological-related information can be transmitted in real time from a patient in a remote non-clinical environment to the specialist situated in a clinic depending on the current capabilities and availability of the internet. The local monitoring station situated at the remote site is composed of a data acquisition and preprocessing unit connected to a computer via its RS-232 port, and which communicate using a Java-based client-server architecture. The remote monitoring system so developed was used during an in vivo experiment of the artificial heart implantation for 2 months and performed successfully according to design specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Engineering Major, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul - Korea
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Abstract
The availability of a reliable heart failure model in large animals is important. We report upon our efforts to develop a chronic heart failure model in seven goats using sequential ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and its diagonal branch. After anesthesia and left thoracotomy, the LAD artery was ligated, and the diagonal vessel at the same level was ligated one hour later. Cardiac measurements were performed with a thermodilution catheter and by ultrasonography. Two months after the operation, the same measurements were made and animals were sacrificed for postmortem examinations of their hearts. Hemodynamic measurements, except cardiac output, showed no significant changes immediately after the coronary artery ligation. Echocardiographic measurements showed significant changes in the ejection fraction and fractional shortening without changes in left ventricular dimensions. Wall motion analyses demonstrated variable degrees of anteroseptal dyskinesia and akinesia in all animals immediately after coronary artery ligation. Five animals have undergone hemodynamic and ultrasonographic studies 2 months after coronary artery ligation. The results obtained from these animals showed significant increases in central venous pressure, right ventricular pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure, and a significant decrease in cardiac output. Increases in left ventricular dimensions and decreases in ejection fraction with fractional shortening in ultrasonographic studies were also observed. Pathologically, well-demarcated thin-walled anteroseptal infarcts, with chamber enlargement, were clearly seen with dilatation of the heart chambers in all specimens. Based on this study, we conclude that goats, like sheep, can provide a reliable model of chronic heart failure by coronary artery ligation and in view of the many advantages offered by goats, we believe that this animal model will be useful for cardiac experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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36
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Park JW, Choi J, Lee JJ, Nam K, Chung J, Park SK, Park CY, Sun K, Kim WG, Kim J, Min BG. AnyHeart: a single-piece heart-saving implantable artificial heart (BVAD)--monitoring and estimation. Int J Artif Organs 2003; 26:406-10. [PMID: 12828307 DOI: 10.1177/039139880302600506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AnyHeart is a single-piece, implantable biventricular assist device. This electromechanical BVAD has a moving-actuator mechanism. To monitor the status of AnyHeart from anywhere at any time, a portable personal digital assistant (PDA) monitor and web-based remote monitoring system were developed. The PDA local monitoring system has replaced bulky personal computer monitoring systems. The web-based remote monitoring system has several functions such as data collecting, storing, and posting through the internet. Basically, interventricular pressure (IVP) is a parameter indicating the filling level of the blood chambers of AnyHeart. The pump output can be estimated using IVP, which is acquired noninvasively from AnyHeart. With the proposed method, we can estimate the pump output with a small margin of error.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Medical and Biological Engineering Major, Graduate School, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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37
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve a more reliable way of transplanting cardiomyocytes, we conducted an autologous cardiomyocyte transplantation using a biodegradable scaffold, instead of a syringe injection, as a vehicle for transporting cells in an ovine myocardial infarction model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A myocardial infarction was created in sheep using sequential ligation of the homonymous artery and its diagonal branch. Autologous cardiomyocytes from the right ventricular infundibulum were cultured and seeded onto a biodegradable polymer scaffold. Three months after creating myocardial infarction, the two animals were re-anesthetized and cardiomyocyte-seeded scaffolds were implanted in the infarcted area. The animals were kept alive for a further month, and then sacrificed for postmortem heart examinations. Light microscopic analysis and an immunohistochemical study for myoglobin were performed. RESULTS On postmortem gross examinations, the polymer scaffolds were visible in the background of well-demarcated thin-walled anteroseptal myocardial infarcts. Microscopic analysis showed abundant myoglobin-stained cells between the fiber strands of the polymer scaffolds. However, there is a possibility that some of these cells might have been giant cells reacting to foreign material. CONCLUSION The transplantation of cultured autologous cardiomyocytes into an infarct region using a biodegradable scaffold instead of syringe injection provides another promising option for cardiomyocyte transplantation, which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Heart Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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38
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Kim WG, Shin YC, Hwang SW, Lee C, Na CY. Comparison of myocardial infarction with sequential ligation of the left anterior descending artery and its diagonal branch in dogs and sheep. Int J Artif Organs 2003; 26:351-7. [PMID: 12757035 DOI: 10.1177/039139880302600411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a comparison of the effects of myocardial infarction in dogs and sheep using sequential ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and its diagonal branch (DA), with hemodynamic, ultrasonographic and pathological evaluations. Five animals were used in each group. After surgical preparation, the LAD was ligated at a point approximately 40% of the distance from the apex to the base of the heart, and after one hour, the DA was ligated at the same level. Hemodynamic and ultrasonographic measurements were performed preligation, 30 minutes after LAD ligation, and 1 hour after DA ligation. As a control, two animals in each group were used for the simultaneous ligation of the LAD and the DA. Two months after the coronary ligation, the animals were evaluated as previously, and killed for postmortem examination of their hearts. All seven animals in the dog group survived the experimental procedures, while in the sheep group only animals with sequential ligation of the LAD and DA survived. Statistically significant decreases in systemic arterial blood pressure and cardiac output, and an increase in the pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure (PACWP) were observed one hour after sequential ligation of the LAD and its DA in the sheep, while only systemic arterial pressures decreased in the dog. Ultrasonographic analyses demonstrated variable degrees of anteroseptal dyskinesia and akinesia in all sheep, but in no dogs. Data two months after coronary artery ligation showed significant increases in central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and PACWP in the sheep, but not in the dog. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular end-systolic dimension in ultrasonographic studies were also increased only in the sheep. Pathologically, the well-demarcated thin-walled transmural anteroseptal infarcts with chamber enlargement were clearly seen in all specimens of sheep, and only-mild-to-moderate chamber enlargements with endocardial fibrosis were observed in the dog hearts. In conclusion, this study confirms that the dog is not a suitable model for myocardial infarction with failure by coronary artery ligation despite negligent operative mortality, when compared directly with an ovine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Heart Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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39
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Abstract
UNLABELLED To determine the most effective method of producing the acellularized xenograft heart valve leaflets, we compared pathological findings of the xenograft heart valve leaflets produced by three methods; freeze-thawing, Triton and NaCl-SDS treatment and further analyzed the pattern of endothelial cells seeded onto them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two pigs were sacrificed and three pulmonary valve leaflets were harvested from each animal. They were immediately stored in a tissue preservation solution and assigned in one of the three preparation methods for acellularization. Endothelial cells from the jugular vein of a goat were isolated and seeded onto the acellularized xenograft heart valve leaflets. Light and Electron microscopic analyses were performed. RESULT AND CONCLUSION H & E stain showed that cells were almost absent in the leaflet treated with NaCl-SDS, while cells were partly present in the leaflets treated, one with Triton and the other Freeze-thawing. Transmission microscopic analyses showed cell-free matrix with well preserved collagen architecture under the seeded endothelial cells in the leaflets treated with NaCl-SDS. In conclusion, the valve leaflets treated with NaCl-SDS among three representative methods of acellularization of tissues (freeze-thawing, Triton X-100, and NaCl-SDS) showed the better results than the others in terms of the efficacy of decellularization and response to endothelial cell seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Heart Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee SM, Choi BJ, Kim DH, Lee IY, Kim WG. Competitive adsorption for binary mixture of 4-nitrophenol and phenol on RSTA using GAC. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:229-235. [PMID: 12578199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption characteristics of a reverse stratified tapered adsorber (RSTA) system and competitive adsorption for phenol and 4-nitrophenol were investigated. In this study, a novel technology, RSTA, was introduced and compared with a conventional cylindrical adsorber (CA). The optimum study of RSTA in a single-solute system with phenol for size distribution, mean velocity and optimum angle was conducted to satisfy environmental criteria and reduce granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment costs. The competitive adsorption efficiency of RSTA and CA was also compared in a binary solute system with phenol and 4-nitrophenol. In the results of single-solute experiment, breakthrough time of RSTA was increased by 30-50% over conventional CA. The mean bed velocity was 19.10 cm/min and the optimum angle of RSTA was decided to 3 degrees. Adsorption efficiency was increased with increasing GAC dose and the number of GAC layers. The affinity of competitive adsorption was significantly increased with decreasing GAC dose and increasing adsorbate concentration. The RSTA can be considered to provide an increase in breakthrough time with decreasing flow rate and increasing the number of layers. Water and wastewater plants processing large volumes of water can realize significant savings in capital and operation costs by utilizing this type of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwandong University, Yangyang 215-800, Korea
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Lee HS, Rho YR, Park CY, Hwang CM, Kim WG, Sun K, Choi MJ, Lee KK, Cheong JT, Shim EB, Min BG. Application of the moving-actuator type pump as a ventricular assist device: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Artif Organs 2002; 25:556-61. [PMID: 12117296 DOI: 10.1177/039139880202500611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A moving actuator type pump has been developed as a multifunctional Korean artificial heart (AnyHeart). The pump consists of a moving actuator as an energy converter, right and left sacs, polymer (or mechanical) valves, and a rigid polyurethane housing. The actuator containing a brushless DC motor moves back and forth on an epicyclical gear train to produce a pendular motion, which compresses both sacs alternately. Of its versatile functions of ventricular assist device and total artificial heart use, we have evaluated the system performance as a single or biventricular assist device through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Pump performance and anatomical feasibility were tested using various animals of different sizes. In the case of single ventricular assist device (VAD) use, one of the sacs remained empty and a mini-compliance chamber was attached to either an outflow or inflow port of the unused sac. The in vitro and in vivo studies show acceptable performance and pump behavior. Further extensive study is required to proceed to human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Korea
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Kim WG, Lee WY, Lee BH, Cho HS. A simplified cardiopulmonary bypass technique for animal experiments on implantable ventricular assist devices. Int J Artif Organs 2002; 25:147-50. [PMID: 11905515 DOI: 10.1177/039139880202500210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have developed and report on a simplified cardiopulmonary bypass technique for experiments on implantable ventricular assist devices in calves. We used an electromechanical implantable ventricular assist device with a double cylindrical cam in three calves. Cannulas for the ventricular assist system were designed to be inserted between the left atrium and the descending aorta. We used the outflow cannula of the ventricular assist device, anastomosed to the descending aorta, as a temporary arterial return route for the cardiopulmonary bypass. A cannula for venous drainage was iserted into the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. There were no problems related to the procedure and the cardiopulmonary bypass was succesful. In conclusion, this simplified cardiopulmonary bypass technique without neck incision in calves, as used in developmental work involving implantable ventricular assist devices, can be reliably performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.
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43
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the possibility of autologous cardiomyocyte transplantation, we transplanted cultured autologous cells into an infarct region developed by coronary artery ligation in an ovine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chronic heart failure model with a considerable portion of myocardial infarction was created in sheep using sequential ligation of the homonymous artery and its diagonal branch. Autologous cardiomyocytes were cultured and isolated from the right ventricular infundibulum. After a predetermined interval (one animal for two months and the other for three months), the two animals were reanesthetized and a suspension of cultured autologous vetricular cells in 0.3 ml of culture medium (1.2 x 10(7) cells) was injected into the center of three out of the four sites in the infarcted area using a tuberculin syringe. The same amount of culture medium was injected with an identical procedure into the center of the remaining site, as control. The animals were kept alive for a further month, and then sacrificed for postmortem heart examinations. Light microscopic analysis and immunohistochemical study for myoglobin were done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS On postmortem gross examination, well-demarcated thin-walled anteroseptal infarcts with chamber enlargement were clearly seen in specimens from the two animals. Microscopic analysis showed homogenous fibrosis throughout the infarcted areas. In both animals, one of the three sites of cardiomycyte injection showed an islet of cardiomyocytes in the mid-myocardium, while none were observed in the control site of either animal. A layer of cardiomyocytes was observed in subendocardial regions, as it was in the control areas. In conclusion, cardiomyocyte transplantation into the infarct regions developed by coronary artery ligation in an ovine model was achieved with only limited success. An understanding of why only 33% of cardiomyocyte-injection sites demonstrated viable cardiomyocytes, in the form of tiny cell islets, remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Heart Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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44
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Abstract
We report a reliable chronic heart failure model in sheep using sequential ligation of the homonymous artery and its diagonal branch. After a left anterior thoracotomy in Corridale sheep, the homonymous artery was ligated at a point approximately 40% of the distance from the apex to the base of the heart, and after 1 hour, the diagonal vessel was ligated at a point at the same level. Hemodynamic measurements were done preligation, 30 minutes after the homonymous artery ligation, and 1 hour after diagonal branch ligation. The electrocardiograms were obtained as needed, and cardiac function was also evaluated with ultrasonography. After a predetermined interval (2 months for five animals and 3 months for two animals), the animals were reevaluated in the same way as before, and were killed for postmortem examination of their hearts. All seven animals survived the experimental procedures. Statistically significant decreases in systemic arterial blood pressure and cardiac output and increases in pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure were observed 1 hour after sequential ligation of the homonymous artery and its diagonal branch. Untrasonographic analyses demonstrated variable degrees of anteroseptal dyskinesia and akinesia in all animals. The data from animals at 2 months after coronary artery ligation showed significant increases in central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure. Left ventricular enddiastolic dimension and left ventricular end-systolic dimension on ultrasonographic studies were also increased. Electrocardiography showed severe ST elevation immediately after the ligation and pathologic Q waves were found at 2 months after ligation. The thin walled infarcted areas with chamber enlargement were clearly seen in the hearts removed at 2 and 3 months after ligation. In conclusion, we could achieve a reliable ovine model of chronic heart failure using a simple concept of sequential ligation of the homonymous and diagonal arteries. This animal model was comparable to the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Heart Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Taejon
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46
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Kim WG, Cho SK, Kang MC, Lee TY, Park JK. Tissue-engineered heart valve leaflets: an animal study. Int J Artif Organs 2001; 24:642-8. [PMID: 11693421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue-engineered heart valve leaflets are a promising way to overcome the inherent limitations of current prosthetic valves. The aim of this study was to compare the biological responses of an autologous cell seeded scaffold and an acellular scaffold implanted in the pulmonary valve leaflet in the same animal. METHODS Myofibroblasts and endothelial cells were isolated and cultured from an ovine artery. A synthetic biodegradable scaffold consisting of polyglycolic acid and polylactic acid was initially seeded with the myofibroblasts, then coated with endothelial cells. Cells were seeded using a medium containing collagen and cultured. A tissue-engineered construct and a plain scaffold were implanted as double pulmonary valve leaflet replacement in the same animal in an ovine model (n=3). Additionally, the tissue-engineered construct (n=2) and the plain scaffold (n=2) were implanted as single valve leaflet replacements for long-term analysis. After sacrifice, the implanted valve leaflet tissues were retrieved, analyzed visually and using light microscopy. RESULTS Three animals that underwent replacement of two valve leaflets with a tissue-engineered construct and a plain scaffold, survived only a short-time (12, 24, 36 hours). The death was attributed to heart failure caused by severe pulmonary insufficiency. Animals that underwent single valve leaflet replacement survived longer and were electively sacrificed at 6 and 9 weeks after operation. The analysis of the leaflets from the short-term survivors showed that the tissue-engineered constructs contained less fibrins and protein exudates than the plain scaffold. In contrast, leaflets obtained from animals surviving 6 and 9 weeks showed similar well organized granulation tissues in the tissue-engineered constructs and the plain scaffolds. CONCLUSION This animal experiment demonstrates that in the early phase of implantation, the tissue-engineered construct shows a better biological response in terms of antithrombogenicity than the plain scaffold, although both of them have similar results in the later reparative phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Heart Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.
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Kim JC, Kim YS, Park CS, Kang JM, Kim BN, Woo JH, Ryu J, Kim WG. A case of disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome after chemotherapy. J Korean Med Sci 2001; 16:505-8. [PMID: 11511798 PMCID: PMC3054774 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2001.16.4.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporonosis is a potentially life-threatening infection with Trichosporon beigelii, the causative agent of white piedra. The systemic infection by this fungus has been most frequently described in immunocompromised hosts with neutropenia. Here, we report the first patient with disseminated infection by T. beigelii in Korea, acquired during a period of severe neutropenia after chemo-therapy for myelodysplastic syndrome. The patient recovered from the infection after an early-intensified treatment with amphotericin B and a rapid neutrophil recovery. The disseminated infection by T. beigelii is still rare, however, is an emerging fatal mycosis in immunocompromised patients with severe neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Kim WG, Ryoo IJ, Park JS, Yoo ID. Benzastatins H and I, new benzastatin derivatives with neuronal cell protecting activity from Streptomyces nitrosporeus. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2001; 54:513-6. [PMID: 11513042 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.54.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Taejon
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49
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Abstract
An experiment to study the role of contact-activation leukocyte sequestration in the formation of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (I-R injury) was carried out. The study was conducted using light and electron microscopic analyses in an ovine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model using a membrane oxygenator. Five adult sheep were used in the study. The CPB circuitry consisted of a roller pump and a membrane oxygenator. During CPB, flow rates ranged from 50 to 60 ml/kg/min with mild hypothermia. The CPB time was fixed at 120 min. Ten minutes after the start of CPB, total CPB was established. Thereafter, total CPB was performed for 100 min, followed by another 10 min of partial CPB. Lung biopsy specimens for light and electron microscopy were obtained from the upper lobe of the right lung before CPB, 109 min after the start of CPB (just before reperfusion) and 30 min after weaning (after reperfusion). A portion of the lung biopsy specimen was taken for a water content measurement at the same time intervals. For measuring the left and right atrial leukocyte counts, blood samples were taken before thoracotomy, 5 and 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 and 120 min after weaning. C3a was measured before thoracotomy, 109 minafter the start of CPB, and 30 and 120 min after weaning. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was checked before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB and 30 min after weaning. On both light and electron microscopic examination, mild to moderate acute lung change was observed after ischaemia-reperfusion. Interstitial oedema, leakage of erythrocytes into the alveolar space and endothelial cell swelling were the main findings. However, few neutrophils were seen. Water content of the lung showed a slight increase after the start of CPB, but there was no statistical significance. Neither significant differences in the transpulmonary gradients of leukocytes nor a significant complement activation, expressed by C3a levels, was observed. The MDA level did not display a significant change related to lung reperfusion despite an increase in MDA after the start of CPB. These findings indicate that I-R injury during CPB may not be from complement-activation leukocyte sequestration, but from another source of oxygen free radicals related to CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Clinical Research Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.
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50
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Abstract
The clinical value of arterial line filters is still a controversial issue. Proponents of arterial line filtration argue that filters remove particulate matter and undissolved gas from circulation while opponents argue the absence of conclusive clinical data. We conducted scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies of arterial line filters used clinically in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuits during adult cardiac surgery and analyzed the types and characteristics of materials entrapped in the arterial line filters. Twelve arterial line filters were obtained during routine hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in 12 adult cardiac patients. The arterial line filter was a screen type with a pore size of 40 microm (Baxter Health Care Corporation, Bentley Division, Irvine, CA, U.S.A. ). After opening the housing, the woven polyester strands were examined with SEM. All segments examined (120 segments, each 2.5 x 2. 5 cm) contained no embolic particles larger in their cross-sectional area than the pore size of the filter (40 microm). The origins of embolic particulates were mostly from environmental foreign bodies. This may suggest a possible need for more aggressive filtration of smaller particulates than is generally carried out at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Clinical Research Institute, BK 21 Human Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Heart Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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