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Lei SS, Huang XW, Li LZ, Wang XP, Zhang Y, Li B, Shou D. Explorating the mechanism of Epimedii folium-Rhizoma drynariae herbal pair promoted bone defects healing through network pharmacology and experimental studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117329. [PMID: 37879510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bone defects are difficult to treat and have a high incidence of nonunion. The Epimedii folium-Rhizoma drynariae herbal pair (EDP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for treating bone diseases. However, the mechanisms by which EDP promotes osteogenesis or bone formation remain largely unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of EDP promoted bone formation in bone defects using network pharmacology and experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of EDP were analyzed by UHPLC-MS. The hub target and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using molecular docking or network pharmacology. The pharmacological actions of EDP were determined by μCT and histopathology examination using a bone defect rat model. The effects of EDP on the mRNA expression of Bmp2, Smad2/5, Runx2, and Alp genes were measured by RT-PCR, while changes in the protein expressions of BMP2, COL1A1, SPP1, ALP, and RUNX2in the tibia tissues of the rats in response to EDP were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining or Western blot. We also performed cell viability assays, Alizarin Red and ALP staining assays, and RT-PCR to better understand how EDP affected osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). RESULTS Identified 14 key compounds and 47 hub targets of EDP that may be involved in promoting osteogenesis to repair bone defects. And the BMP/Smad/Runx2 pathway was likely the key pathway through which EDP promoted bone defects repairing. The results of in vivo rat experiments indicated that EDP effectively promoted tibia repair in the model rats and activated the BMP/Smad/Runx2 pathway in the tibia tissue, with upregulating Bmp2, Bmpr1α, Smad2/5, Runx2, and Alp genes, and increased the protein expression of BMP2, COL1A1, RUNX2, and ALP. In vitro, EDP was found to increase the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization in BMSCs- and also up-regulated the expression of key genes in the BMP/Smad/Runx2 pathway. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the ability of EDP to promote the osteogenic differentiation to enable bone repair by activating the BMP/Smad/Runx2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Lei
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Xiao Wen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Lin Zi Li
- Jingmen Central Hospital, 448000, Jingmen, China
| | - Xu Ping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China.
| | - Dan Shou
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, China.
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Lei SS, Li B, Huang XW, Wang XP, Xiong S, Duan R, Li LZ. Structural identification of an polysaccharide isolated from Epimedium brevicornum and its beneficial effect on promoting osteogenesis in osteoblasts induced by high glucose. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115893. [PMID: 37979377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Diabetes osteoporosis (DOP) is a chronic bone metabolic disease induced by diabetes, whose morbidity continues to increase. Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (EB), a popular Chinese traditional medicine, has been used to treat bone diseases in China for thousands of years. But its material basis and specific mechanism of action are not clear. METHODS Epimedium brevicornum crude polysaccharide (EPE) is the main component, in this research the characterized the structure of EBPC1 purified from EPE was detected and its effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytoskeletal in osteoblasts induced by high glucose. RESULTS The molecular weight of EBPC1 was 10.5 kDa. It was mainly comprised of glucose and galactose, and the backbone of EBPC1 was→4)-α-D-Galp-(1→4)-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. The results from in vitro experiments revealed that EBPC1 significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation in primary osteoblasts, also significantly up-regulated expression of Alp mRNA and Runx2 mRNA in the presence of EBPC1 pretreatment. Moreover, EBPC1 modulated apoptosis via the regulation of Bax/Bcl2. CONCLUSION These results indicate that EBPC1 treatment can promote osteogenesis during DOP, which can ameliorate apoptosis by regulating Bax/Bcl2 and accelerating osteogenesis in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Lei
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Xiao Wen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, PR China
| | - Xu Pin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, PR China
| | - Shan Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Rui Duan
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, PR China.
| | - Lin Zi Li
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, PR China.
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Lu JH, Huang XW, Zhang GQ, Ma Y, Chen JX. [CircRNA circTNPO1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma by sponging miR-338-3p]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2022; 44:968-974. [PMID: 36164699 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200529-00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of circTNPO1 on the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) by sponging miR-338-3p. Methods: The expression of circTNPO1 on osteoblasts and multiple OS cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. CircTNPO1 stable knockdown 143B cell line was constructed by sh-circTNPO1. Cell count kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and wound healing assay were applied to evaluate the proliferation and metastasis of this cell. Luciferase reporter assay was used to explore the binding between circTNPO1 and miR-338-3p. In xenograft tumor model, miR-338-3p inhibitor or its control was injected into the circTNPO1 knockdown tumors. The weight and size of the tumors were evaluated and Ki-67 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The RNA expression of circTNPO1 in OS cell lines U2OS, HOS, MG63, 143B, ZOS and ZOSM were 2.73±0.27, 3.18±0.54, 4.33±0.52, 5.75±0.65, 4.50±0.49 and 3.96±0.35, respectively, higher than 1.00±0.09 in hFOB1.19 (P<0.001). CCK-8 assay revealed that after 48 h and 72 h, the absorbance of sh-circTNPO1 #1 was 0.81±0.05 and 1.09±0.06, while sh-circTNPO1 #2 143B cells was 0.84±0.04 and 1.2±0.04, which were sharply reduced compared with the control (1.00±0.06 and 1.49±0.06, P<0.001); after 48 h and 72 h, the absorbance of 143B cells transfected with circTNPO1 #1 and miR-338-3p (0.92±0.06 and 1.32±0.07) were higher than those of cells transfected with sh-circTNPO1 cells and miR NC (0.92±0.06 and 1.32±0.07, P<0.050). Wound healing assay demonstrated that the 24 hour-migration rates of sh-circTNPO1 #1 and sh-circTNPO1 #2 cells were (24.43±2.15)% and (39.70±4.20)% respectively, which were significantly lower than that of the control [(56.51±3.27)%, P<0.010]; the migration rates of sh-circTNPO1 #1+ miR NC and sh-circTNPO1 #1+ miR-338-3p inhibitor were (26.70±2.21)% and (46.10±5.71)%, with a significant difference (P<0.005). In xenograft tumor model, the weight and size of tumors in control, sh-circTNPO1 #1+ miR NC and sh-circTNPO1 #1+ miR-338-3p inhibitor mice were (458.80±158.10) mg, (262.50±82.09) mg, (395.40±137.60) mg and (593.00±228.40) mm(2,) (203.30±144.20) mm(2,) (488.60±208.60) mm(2,) respectively. Compared with control, sh-circTNPO1 tumors were significantly smaller (P<0.01). Injection with miR-338-3p inhibitor significantly reversed both the weight and size of tumors (P<0.05). Conclusion: CircTNPO1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of OS by sponging miR-338-3p, which could be a new target for OS treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Pathology, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People's Armed Police Force, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - X W Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - G Q Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People's Armed Police Force, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - J X Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
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Huang XW, Liu SH, Zhao JM. [The companion diagnostics of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2022; 30:912-917. [PMID: 36299182 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220716-00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high incidence and low five-year survival rate in China. There is a lack of effective therapeutic approaches available for unresectable patients with advanced HCC. Recently, the development of targeted and immunotherapy agents and their application in the therapy of various solid tumors have brought new options and benefits to patients with advanced HCC. Companion diagnostics (CDx) emerged with the development of targeted agents, and its roles in selecting eligible patients for specific targeted/immunotherapy agents and improving prognosis are getting more prominent. This article focuses on the CDx technologies and applications related to HCC targeting and immunotherapy, in order to provide inspiration for the precise diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Huang
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - S H Liu
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - J M Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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Zheng Y, Yu XY, Huang XW. [Research progress of bile acid spectrum in hereditary deficiency of bile acid synthesis]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:843-847. [PMID: 35922203 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220107-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Regional Medical Center for Children, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - X Y Yu
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Regional Medical Center for Children, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - X W Huang
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Regional Medical Center for Children, Hangzhou 310052, China
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Xu Y, Wang PX, Cheng JW, Huang XW, Zhou J, Fan J, Yang XR. [Study on the value of serum des-γ-carboxy prothrombin in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2020; 28:918-923. [PMID: 33256276 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20201009-00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical value of serum des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation. Methods: A total of 115 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent liver transplantation in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from October 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Kaplan-Meier method, Log-Rank test, χ2 test, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and other statistical methods were used to explore the value of DCP in predicting tumor recurrence after liver transplantation and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Results: The preoperative serum DCP level in recurrent population after liver transplantation was significantly higher than that in non-recurrent population (P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of preoperative DCP for predicting recurrence was 200mAU/ml with the use of receiver operating characteristic curve. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index and the receiver operating characteristic curve was 87.90%, 57.30%, 0.452, and 0.726, respectively. Survival analysis results grouped by this cut-off value showed that patients with preoperative DCP ≥200mAU/ml had a higher probability of recurrence (P < 0.001). Further, subgroup survival analysis showed that patients with preoperative DCP≥200 mAU/ ml had a higher probability of recurrence than other cases of alpha-fetoprotein negative subgroup, cumulative tumor diameter ≤ 9 cm subgroup and Milan criteria subgroup (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative DCP≥200 mAU/ ml (P = 0.017) and cumulative tumor diameter > 9 cm (P = 0.014) was an independent risk factor for recurrence after liver transplantation. χ (2) test results showed that preoperative serum DCP level was correlated with gender, serum gamma glutamyltransferase level, serum alpha fetoprotein level, cumulative tumor diameter, vascular invasion, tumor differentiation and liver cancer transplant criteria (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative serum DCP can be used as a supplement to the existing liver cancer transplant criteria to predict hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation. In addition, the accurate screening of patients with low risk of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation can improve the prognosis and efficacy of liver transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - P X Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J W Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - X W Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - X R Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and currently ranks the fourth in morbidity rate and the second in mortality rate in China. At present, the main clinical treatmentmethod is surgical treatment and other treatments, such as interventional therapy, local radiotherapy and chemotherapy, serve as supplementary treatment methods. However, due to the occult incidence of liver cancer, most patients have entered the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and lack effective treatment methods, resulting in low overall survival rate, high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy, especially cellular immunotherapy, as an emerging cancer treatment method, can directly kill tumor cells or stimulate the anti-tumor immune response by isolating and activating immune effector cells. Common methods include chimeric antigen receptor T cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cytokine-induced killer cells, etc. Recently, cellular immunotherapy has become a research hotspot because it can enhance the immune function, reduce the recurrence rate and prolong the survival time of patients. This article reviews the advances in the study of cellular immunotherapy in the clinical application of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Su
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - X W Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu H, Hong XL, Sun TT, Huang XW, Wang JL, Xiong H. Fusobacterium nucleatum exacerbates colitis by damaging epithelial barriers and inducing aberrant inflammation. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:385-398. [PMID: 32441482 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) has been reported to be enriched in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to explore the role of F. nucleatum in IBD and its pathogenic mechanism. METHODS Several bacteria that have been reported to be associated with IBD or colorectal cancer were measured in the fecal samples of 91 patients with IBD and 43 healthy individuals. Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and a Caco-2 cell line were used to explore the pathogenicity of F. nucleatum. Barrier damage was evaluated by a transmission electron microscope, the permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, transepithelial electrical resistance and immunofluorescence. Protein levels of the cell-cell junction and activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. Cytokine secretion and T-cell differentiation were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. RESULTS F. nucleatum was significantly enriched in the feces of patients with IBD and its abundance correlated with disease activity. Administration of F. nucleatum markedly exacerbated colitis in a DSS mouse model. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum damaged epithelial integrity and increased permeability by regulating the expression and distribution of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin. Moreover, F. nucleatum promoted the secretion of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-17), activated the STAT3 signaling pathway, and induced CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 subset differentiations. CONCLUSION F. nucleatum can damage the intestinal barrier and induce aberrant inflammation, which exacerbates colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Lu Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Tian Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wen Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Lin Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang QY, Chen LL, Gao F, Sujie A, Hou YY, Huang XW, Huang C, Sun HC, Zhou J, Ji Y. [Pathological features of immune-mediated hepatitis due to immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenesis targeted therapy]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2020; 49:329-335. [PMID: 32268669 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20190720-00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the histologic features of immune-mediated hepatitis (IMH) due to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy and combined ICIs anti-angiogenesis tyrosine kinases (TKIs) targeted therapy. Methods: Twenty-one IMH patients who had liver biopsy during ICIs treatment in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from 2015 to 2019 were included. Among them, ten were treated with ICIs monotherapy, and 11 were treated with combined ICIs and anti-angiogenesis targeted therapy. The histologic features of IMH were assessed by HE staining and PD-L1/2 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Patients treated with monotherapy ICIs presented with different levels of lobular hepatitis and portal inflammation. Besides, there were also cholangitis, endothelialitis, Kupffer cells activation and peliosisi hepatitis. Eight cases (8/10) showed mild and two cases (2/10) showed moderate hepatic injury. As for patients receiving combined ICIs and TKIs therapy, the extent of IMH was more severe, with four cases (4/11) showing moderate-severe liver injury, with confluent or bridging necrosis, portal inflammation, cholangitis, interface hepatitis. Among these, one patient developed acute severe hepatitis with massive hepatocyte necrosis and died of multisystem dysfunction. In those cases with severe liver injury, many CD8 positive lymphocytes aggregated in the portal area and hepatic sinusoid, and PD-L1 was expressed in many endothelial cells. There were both 2 cases of death in ICIs monotherapy and combination therapy group. Among the latter group, 1 patient developed acute severe hepatitis with massive hepatocyte necrosis and died of multisystem dysfunction. Conclusion: Compared with ICIs monotherapy, combined ICIs and anti-angiogenesis targeted TKIs therapy may cause overlapping hepatic injury, leading to severe IMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - L L Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - F Gao
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Akesu Sujie
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y Y Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - X W Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - C Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - H C Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yu ZN, Huang XW, Hong F, Zhang T, Yang JB. [Baraitser-Winter syndrome caused by ACTB gene variation]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2020; 58:333-335. [PMID: 32234145 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20190825-00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z N Yu
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - X W Huang
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - F Hong
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - J B Yang
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
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Yang F, Cai WZ, Huang XW, Xue SL, Fu CC, Tang XW, Sun AN, Wu DP, Qiu HY. [Comparison of efficacy of first-line administration of generic dasatinib or imatinib in patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 39:661-667. [PMID: 30180468 PMCID: PMC7342843 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of first-line administration of generic dasatinib or first-generation TKI (imatinib) in patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+) ALL) treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods: Clinical features and prognoses of 63 newly diagnosed Ph(+) ALL patients from Jan 2014 to June 2017 treated by HSCT combined with first-line administration of generic dasatinib or imatinib were retrospective analyzed. Results: Of 63 Ph(+) ALL patients, 31 cases were administered generic dasatinib, and the other 32 ones imatinib. Complete remission (CR) rates at the fourth week of induction therapy in generic dasatinib and imatinib groups were 96.8% and 93.8% (P=1.000) , respectively. Meanwhile major molecular response (MMR; BCR-ABL/ABL reduce 3log) rates were 41.9% and 43.8% (χ(2)=0.021, P=0.884), respectively. Relapse rates before transplantation were 6.5% and 12.5% (P=0.672), respectively. MMR rates before HSCT were 83.9% and 68.8% (χ(2)=1.985, P=0.159), respectively. The 20-monthes overall survival (OS) rates of generic dasatinib and imatinib groups were 95.5% and 76.5% (χ(2)=0.990, P=0.320) respectively; 20-monthes event-free survival (EFS) rates were 93.5% and 61.4% (χ(2)=5.926, P=0.015), respectively. Statistically significant differences of EFS were reached. Multiple factors analysis showed that generic dasatinib (HR=0.201, 95% CI 0.045-0.896, P=0.035) and MMR before transplantation (HR=0.344, 95% CI 0.124-0.956, CI=0.041) could improve EFS. Conclusions: First-line administration of generic dasatinib could improve EFS for Ph(+)ALL patients treated by HSCT when compered with imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center, Suzhou 215006, China
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Hu H, Zheng Q, Huang Y, Huang XW, Lai ZC, Liu J, Xie X, Feng ST, Wang W, Lu MD. A non-smooth tumor margin on preoperative imaging assesses microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15375. [PMID: 29133822 PMCID: PMC5684346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular invasion (MVI) is rarely diagnosed preoperatively in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the diagnostic power of a non-smooth tumor margin on preoperative imaging for MVI. We performed a literature search using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, and 11 studies were included involving 618 MVI-positive cases and 1030 MVI-negative cases. Considerable heterogeneity was found, and was indicated to be attributable to the mean patient ages in the included studies. In subgroups of studies with a mean patient age older than 60 years and studies with computed tomography (CT) as the imaging method (as opposed to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), heterogeneity was low, and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of the single two-dimensional imaging feature for MVI was 21.30 (95% CI [12.52, 36.23]) and 28.78 (95% CI [13.92, 59.36]), respectively; this power was equivalent to or greater than that of certain multivariable-based scoring systems. In conclusion, a non-smooth tumor margin on preoperative imaging is of great value for MVI assessment and should be considered for inclusion in future scoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- HangTong Hu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wen Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Cheng Lai
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JingYa Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - XiaoYan Xie
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Ting Feng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ming De Lu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Huang XW, Zhang Y, Yang JB, Hong F, Qian GL, Tong F, Mao HQ, Huang XL, Zhou XL, Yang RL, Zhao ZY. [Clinical, biochemical and gene mutation characteristics of short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency by neonatal screening]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 54:927-930. [PMID: 27938594 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the incidence, clinical, biochemical and gene mutation characteristics of short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD). Method: From January, 2009 to October, 2015, a retrospective analysis of the urine organic acids and acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACADS) gene mutation characteristics of patients diagnosed as SCADD by newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry in Department of Genetics and Metabolism (Newborn screening Center of Zhejiang Province), Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Dietary guidance, life management and supplementation of L-carnitine were conducted, and growth and intelligence development were observed during follow-up among the SCADD patients. Result: A total of 1 430 024 neonates, seventeen cases were diagnosed with SCADD with an incidence of 1/84 117. All patients had no clinical symptoms, and intelligence and physical development were normal. Blood butylacyl-carnitine (C4) levels and the ratios increased, C4 0.713.14 μmol/L(reference value 0.03-0.48 μmol/L), C4/C2 0.07-0.23(reference value 0.01-0.04), C4/C3 0.65-2.04(reference value 0.05-0.39). Thirteen with increased urinary ethyl malonic acid (9.30-90.99 mg/g creatinine (reference value 0-6.20 mg/g creatinine )), one patient was accompanied by increased methyl succinic acid (12.33 mg/g creatinine(reference value 0-6.40 mg/g creatinine)), one subject with increased acetylglycine (3.52 mg/g creatinine(reference value 0-0.70 mg/g creatinine)). A total of 13 known mutations were detected in the ACADS gene, 1 homozygous mutation (c.1031A>G), the others are compound heterozygous mutations. One frameshift mutation (c.508_509delGC) and 12 missense mutations were detected. Common mutation were c. 1031A>G(35.3%), c. 164C>T(20.6%) and c. 991G>A(11.8%). SCADD in newborn screening program had no clinical symptoms and normal growth development after 8-42 months follow-up. Conclusion: Cases with SCADD had no clinical symptoms with an incidence of 1/84117. The c. 164C>T and c. 1031A>G may be the common mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Huang
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
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Zhang J, Jiang XY, Huang XW. [Separate vertical wiring combined with tension band and Kirschner-wire plus cerclage wire in the treatment of displaced inferior pole fractures of the patella]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 48:534-538. [PMID: 27318920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and outcomes of two separate vertical wiring combined with tension band and Kirschner-wire plus cerclage wire in the treatment of displaced inferior pole fractures of the patella. METHODS From January 2013 to January 2015, 15 consecutive patients (mean age 54.5 years) with inferior pole fractures of the patella were retrospectively included in this study. All the patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation by separate vertical wiring combined with tension band and Kirschner-wire plus cerclage wire through longitudinal incision, 4.5 d (range: 3.1-5.9 d) after initial injury. A safety check for early knee range of motion was performed before wound closure. The complications including infection, nonunion, loss of fixation and any wire breakage or irritation from implant were recorded. Anteroposterior and lateral views of the knee joint obtained during the follow-up were used to assess bony union based on the time when the fracture line disappeared. At the time of the final outpatient follow up, functional evaluation of the knee joint was conducted by Bostman system. RESULTS The follow-up time was 13.1 months (range: 12-19 months) after surgery on average, immediate motion without immobilization in all the cases was allowed and there was no case of reduction loss of the fracture and wire breakage. There was no case of irritation from the implant. At the final follow-up, the average range of motion (ROM) arc was 126.7° (range: 115°-140°), the average ROM lag versus contralateral healthy leg was 10.3° (range: 0°-35°). The mean Bostman score at the last follow-up was 28.9 (range: 27-30), and graded excellent in most cases. CONCLUSION Two separate vertical wiring is an easy and effective method to reduce the displaced inferior pole fracture of patella. Augmentation of separate vertical wiring with tension band and Kirschner-wire plus cerclage wire in these patients provides enough strength to protected the early exercise of the knee joint and uneventful healing. By this surgical treatment, excellent results in knee function can be expected for cases of displaced inferior pole fractures of the patella.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - X Y Jiang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - X W Huang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
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Wang JP, Huang XW, Zheng BJ, Weng YY. [Dose optimization of lipid infusionin treatment of patients with acute dexmedetomidinepoisoning]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:1201-1204. [PMID: 27117368 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.15.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To optimize the dose of lipid infusion in treatment of patients with acute dexmedetomidinepoisoning, in order to further guide the rational use of medication in clinical practice. METHODS A total of 80 patients with acute dexmedetomidinepoisoning were admitted in this study from January 2012 to October 2014 at our hospital and divided into three groups based on the intensity of poisoning, including: slight poisoning (28 cases), moderate poisoning (32 cases) and severe poisoning (20 cases). Patients in each group were given 10% lipid infusion or 20% lipid infusion for treatment.Stable blood dexmedetomidineconcentrations of patients in pre-treatment and at different time points after treatment (pre-treatment and 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 h after treatment) and the length of hospital stay, awake time in each group were investigated and compared.Ramsay sedation scores were recorded and compared in different time points (0.5 h before treatment and 2, 5, 20 h after treatment) in each group for different treatments.Side effects and complications were recorded, and follow-up was conducted during 1-3 d post discharge to record the recovery condition in patients. RESULTS In each group, patients receiving 20% lipid infusion waked earlier than those receiving 10% lipid infusion.And the hospitalization duration for patients receiving 20% lipid infusion was significantly shorter than those receiving 10% lipid infusion [(4.6±1.6) h vs (6.7±2.0) h, (2.6±0.4) d vs (4.0±0.6) d, P<0.05]. The Ramsay sedation scores were significantly lower for patients receiving 20% lipid infusion than those receiving 10% lipid infusionat 2 h and 5 h after treatment in each group [(3.4±0.3) vs (4.7±0.4), (2.6±0.3) h vs (3.5±0.3) h, P<0.05]. The stable plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine were gradually reduced after the treatment, and which were lower when compared with the theoretical metabolic concentration.What's more, the plasma concentrationsat 1 h, 2 h and 5 h after treatment were significantly lower for patientsreceiving 20% lipid infusion than those receiving 10% lipid infusion in each group (P>0.05). All patients in our study were cured and discharged without severe side effects and complications, and follow-ups showed that no patients showed evidence of rebound phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Different concentrations of lipid infusionare safe and effective in relieving the intensity of dexmedetomidinepoisoning, and promoting the clinical recovery.What's more, the therapeutic efficacy of 20% lipid infusion is greater than 10% lipid infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Wang
- Department of Emergency, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
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Tong F, Huang XW, Hong F. [Two cases of UDP-galactose-4'-epimerase deficiency]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 54:299-300. [PMID: 27055432 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Huang XW, Chen LJ, Luo YB, Guo HY, Ren FZ. Purification, characterization, and milk coagulating properties of ginger proteases. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:2259-69. [PMID: 21524515 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Ginger proteases are used as milk coagulants in making a Chinese traditional milk product (Jiangzhinai or Jiangzhuangnai), suggesting their potential as a source of rennet substitute that might be applicable in the modern dairy industry. In this study, ginger proteases were extracted from fresh ginger rhizome by using phosphate buffer and subsequently purified by ion exchange chromatography. Ginger proteases, all with a molecular weight around 31 kDa, were found to exist in 3 forms with isoelectric point values around 5.58, 5.40, and 5.22, respectively. These enzymes had very similar biochemical behavior, exhibiting optimal proteolytic activity from 40 to 60 °C and maximum milk clotting activity at 70 °C. They were capable of hydrolyzing isolated α(S1)-, β-, and κ-casein, of which α(S1)-casein was most susceptible to the enzyme; κ-casein was hydrolyzed with a higher specificity than α(S1)- and β-casein. In addition, the ginger proteases exhibited a similar affinity for κ-casein and higher specificity with increasing temperature. Gel electrophoresis and mass spectra indicated that Ala90-Glu91 and His102-Leu103 of κ-casein were the preferred target bonds of ginger proteases. The milk clotting activity, affinity, and specificity toward κ-casein showed that ginger protease is a promising rennet-like protease that could be used in manufacturing cheese and oriental-style dairy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Huang XW, Yin HM, Ji C, Qin YF, Yang RW, Zhao ZY. Effects of perinatal hypothyroidism on rat behavior and its relation with apoptosis of hippocampus neurons. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:8-15. [PMID: 18296899 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is an important factor for proper development of the mammalian brain. Perinatal hypothyroidism leads to long-term behavior and neuromotor competence alterations in humans and animals. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of perinatal hypothyroidism on behavior changes of rat pups and its relation with the apoptosis of hippocampus neurons. Behavior tests were taken to evaluate the effects caused by perinatal hypothyroidism. TUNEL staining was used to analyze the apoptosis of neurons on CA3 region of hippocampus. The study suggested that perinatal hypothyroidism affects behavior development, as well as leading to the decrease in spatial learning and memory capability. This condition can be improved with hormone substitute treatment. Furthermore, the changes of learning and memory capability are closely related to the increasing number of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Huang
- Department of Child Health, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine Associated Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Huang XW, Xiao HJ, Wang JB, Huang X. [The proliferating cells in the rat endolymphatic sac]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2000; 14:218-9. [PMID: 12541550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the cellular proliferating activity of the endolymphatic sac. METHOD 10 healthy adult S-D rats were used for the experiment. After administration of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) intraperitoneally, the rats were sacrificed and the temporal bones were removed, then the decalcified samples examined immunohistochemically by using monoclonal antibodies against BrdUrd. RESULT Scattered BrdUrd+ cells were detected within the endolymrhatic sac (ES) whereas labelled cells were not fonnd in the cochlea. CONCLUSION Possessing a low rat of mitotic activity, the ES may be an important the sole site for the cell-renewing in the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430022
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Xiong NN, Zou YQ, Huang XW, Gong LJ, Yu CH, Zou YX. Effects of TCM therapy on the progression of chronic renal failure caused by primary glomerulonephritis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1988; 8:107-11. [PMID: 3412003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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