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Peng X, Khan Z, Liu XM, Deng SL, Fang YG, Zhang M, Su XH, Xing LX, Yan XR. Embryonic Development of Parthenogenetic and Sexual Eggs in Lower Termites. Insects 2023; 14:640. [PMID: 37504646 PMCID: PMC10380263 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, termites are one of few social insects. In this research, the stages of embryonic development in the parthenogenetic and sexual eggs of Reticulitermes aculabialis and R. flaviceps were observed and described. In R. flaviceps, the egg development of the FF and FM groups happened during the early phases of development, whereas in R. aculabialis, this appeared mainly during the late phase of development. The variance in the number of micropyles between the R. flaviceps FF colony type and the R. aculabialis FF colony type was statistically significant. Five stages of egg development were found in both types of R. aculabialis but only the sexual eggs of R. flaviceps. In R. flaviceps, 86% of the parthenogenetic eggs stopped growing during the blastoderm development, with the yolk cell assembling frequently in the center of the egg. According to the results of the single-cell transcriptome sequencing, we investigated the egg-to-larval expression level of genes (pka, map2k1, mapk1/3, hgk, mkp, and pax6) and indicated that the levels of essential gene expression in RaFF were considerably higher than in RfFF (p < 0.05). We also discovered that the oocyte cleavage rate in the FF colony type was considerably lower in R. flaviceps compared to R. aculabialis, which gave rise to a smaller number of mature oocytes in R. flaviceps. During ovulation in both species, oocytes underwent activation and one or two cleavage events, but the development of unfertilized eggs ceased in R. flaviceps. It was shown that termite oocyte and embryonic development were heavily influenced by genes with significant expressions. Results from the databases KEGG, COG, and GO unigenes revealed the control of numerous biological processes. This study is the first to complete a database of parthenogenetic and sexual eggs of R. flaviceps and R. aculabialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.P.); (Z.K.); (X.-M.L.); (S.-L.D.); (Y.-G.F.); (M.Z.); (X.-H.S.)
| | - Zahid Khan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.P.); (Z.K.); (X.-M.L.); (S.-L.D.); (Y.-G.F.); (M.Z.); (X.-H.S.)
- Zoology Department, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.P.); (Z.K.); (X.-M.L.); (S.-L.D.); (Y.-G.F.); (M.Z.); (X.-H.S.)
| | - Shi-Lin Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.P.); (Z.K.); (X.-M.L.); (S.-L.D.); (Y.-G.F.); (M.Z.); (X.-H.S.)
| | - Yong-Gang Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.P.); (Z.K.); (X.-M.L.); (S.-L.D.); (Y.-G.F.); (M.Z.); (X.-H.S.)
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.P.); (Z.K.); (X.-M.L.); (S.-L.D.); (Y.-G.F.); (M.Z.); (X.-H.S.)
| | - Xiao-Hong Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.P.); (Z.K.); (X.-M.L.); (S.-L.D.); (Y.-G.F.); (M.Z.); (X.-H.S.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Xi’an Brand of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China
| | - Lian-Xi Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.P.); (Z.K.); (X.-M.L.); (S.-L.D.); (Y.-G.F.); (M.Z.); (X.-H.S.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Xi’an Brand of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China
| | - Xing-Rong Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.P.); (Z.K.); (X.-M.L.); (S.-L.D.); (Y.-G.F.); (M.Z.); (X.-H.S.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Xi’an Brand of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China
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Wang WZ, Li T, Shi LJ, Yan XR, Pan YL, Wu XS. Screening of differentially-expressed genes in the muscles of rabbit breeds with expression profile chip. Genet Mol Res 2015. [PMID: 26214486 DOI: 10.4238/2015.july.17.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying muscle development in rabbits is not well-understood. In the current study, differentially-expressed genes were scanned using an expression profile chip in New Zealand white rabbits (introduced breed) and Fujian yellow rabbits (local breed), and some of the genes were tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The amplification results were consistent with the microarray data. Fourteen and 13 genes involved in muscle development were identified in the dorsal longissimus and leg muscles, respectively. Myh6, Myh7, Myh7b, Myo5b, Tnnc1, Tpm3, and Acta2 were scanned in the longissimus and leg muscles. Thus, these genes may be involved in muscle fiber formation and muscle development in rabbits. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving meat quality, as well as for the future development and utilization of local meat rabbit breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - T Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - L J Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - X R Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Y L Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - X S Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhao YY, Cheng XL, Cui JH, Yan XR, Wei F, Bai X, Lin RC. Effect of ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (ergone) on adenine-induced chronic renal failure rat: A serum metabonomic study based on ultra performance liquid chromatography/high-sensitivity mass spectrometry coupled with MassLynx i-FIT algorithm. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1438-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Windflower (Pulsatilla spp.) is a perennial medicinal plant in the Ranunculaceae with high economic value as well as medicinal value in China. It is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. In 2007, two species, Pulsatilla koreana Nakai and P. chinensis Regel, were observed with severe rust symptoms at three locations (Shenyang City, Benxi City, and Fushun County) in Liaoning, China. The diseased area was estimated to be more than 500 ha and the yield was reduced by 30% on average with up to 65% yield losses in some fields. Since its first record in 2007, the disease has been recorded every year in parts of China. A survey of all cultivated fields in August 2011 revealed that 90% of the Pulsatilla plants were heavily infected with rust. Early symptoms on the adaxial leaf surfaces were small, circular, yellow spots that later enlarged, coalesced, and developed necrotic centers. On the abaxial side, numerous yellow rust uredinia were visible. Urediniospores are globose or ellipsoidal, sometimes angular in shape, with a yellowish content, and measured 22.6 to 39.4 × 15.2 to 23.9 μm. Spore walls were coarsely verrucose when examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Telia and teliospores were observed in mid-August. Hypophyllous telia often formed around uredinial clusters. Telia were 0.3 to 1.1 mm wide and erumpent with numerous teliospores in a compact layer. Teliospores were clavate, oblong to ellipsoidal, 60.2 to 120.8 × 12.1 to 24.4 μm, gelatinous, and one celled. Teliospores were four celled with the division of the protoplast into an internal four-celled basidium. Pathogenicity tests included inoculation of young P. koreana plants by spraying a urediniospore suspension (30,000 spores/ml of deionized water). Inoculated plants were incubated at 25°C for 48 h, and typical rust symptoms and uredinia developed in 10 to 15 days. On the basis of symptomatology, the host, and morphology of uredinial and telia, the fungus was identified as Coleosporium pulsatillae (Str.) Lév (2). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified using ITS1-F and ITS4-B primers (3), and an amplified product of 817 bp, specific for the species C. pulsatillae, was obtained. The sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JQ029765). Although this pathogen has been mentioned as part of a fungal species survey from China, it was not fully described (4). This pathogen has been reported on Anemone chinensis in Austria, Sibiria (2), and Korea (1). It has not been reported from anywhere else in China. To our knowledge, this is the first fully described record and most severe outbreak of C. pulsatillae on windflower. References: (1) W. D. Cho and H. D. Shin. List of Plant Diseases in Korea. Korean Society of Plant Pathology, Seoul, Korea, 2004. (2) J. B. De-Toni. Sylloge Fungorum 7:754, 1888. (3) M. Gardes et al. Mol. Ecol. 2:113, 1993. (4) F. L. Tai. Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Science Press, Beijing, 1979.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Su
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - J F Fu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - R J Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - X R Yan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
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Cen Y, Yan XR. [Effect of gamma-interferon on the fibroblasts in hypertrophic scars]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 1999; 13:122-6. [PMID: 12080767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence and mechanism of gamma-IFN on fibroblasts in hypertrophic scars(HTS). METHODS The cultured fibroblastic cells were isolated from the hypertrophic scars of 10 patients. The fibroblasts were divided into two groups, one group was treated with gamma-IFN (100 U/ml, 5 days) and the other without gamma-IFN as control. The proliferative activity in both groups was investigated and compared by blood cytometer, the proportion of myofibroblast (MFB) and the ratio of apoptosis were examined and analysed between two groups by flow cytometry using alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) as marker. RESULTS The proliferative activity was downregulated with gamma-IFN. In gamma-IFN treated group, the differentiation of MFB were reduced and the decreasing ratio was 3.2% at the 2nd day and up to 10.5% at the 8th day, then it reduced gradually. The apoptosic ratio is 17.7% in gamma-IFN treated group, and is 10.9% in control group. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION gamma-IFN could downregulate the proliferation of fibroblasts, decrease the differentiation of MFB and induce the apoptosis. It has beneficial effect in the treatment of hypertrophic scars(HTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First University Hospital, West China University of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China 610041
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