1
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Sawada H, Yabuuchi T, Higashi N, Iwasaki T, Kawasaki K, Maeda Y, Izumi T, Nakagawa Y, Shigemori K, Sakawa Y, Curry CB, Frost M, Iwata N, Ogitsu T, Sueda K, Togashi T, Glenzer SH, Kemp AJ, Ping Y, Sentoku Y. Ultrafast time-resolved 2D imaging of laser-driven fast electron transport in solid density matter using an x-ray free electron laser. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:033511. [PMID: 37012804 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High-power, short-pulse laser-driven fast electrons can rapidly heat and ionize a high-density target before it hydrodynamically expands. The transport of such electrons within a solid target has been studied using two-dimensional (2D) imaging of electron-induced Kα radiation. However, it is currently limited to no or picosecond scale temporal resolutions. Here, we demonstrate femtosecond time-resolved 2D imaging of fast electron transport in a solid copper foil using the SACLA x-ray free electron laser (XFEL). An unfocused collimated x-ray beam produced transmission images with sub-micron and ∼10 fs resolutions. The XFEL beam, tuned to its photon energy slightly above the Cu K-edge, enabled 2D imaging of transmission changes induced by electron isochoric heating. Time-resolved measurements obtained by varying the time delay between the x-ray probe and the optical laser show that the signature of the electron-heated region expands at ∼25% of the speed of light in a picosecond duration. Time-integrated Cu Kα images support the electron energy and propagation distance observed with the transmission imaging. The x-ray near-edge transmission imaging with a tunable XFEL beam could be broadly applicable for imaging isochorically heated targets by laser-driven relativistic electrons, energetic protons, or an intense x-ray beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sawada
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - T Yabuuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - N Higashi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Iwasaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Kawasaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Maeda
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Izumi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakagawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Shigemori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - C B Curry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Frost
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Ogitsu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Sueda
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - T Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Morita T, Kojima T, Matsuo S, Matsukiyo S, Isayama S, Yamazaki R, Tanaka SJ, Aihara K, Sato Y, Shiota J, Pan Y, Tomita K, Takezaki T, Kuramitsu Y, Sakai K, Egashira S, Ishihara H, Kuramoto O, Matsumoto Y, Maeda K, Sakawa Y. Detection of current-sheet and bipolar ion flows in a self-generated antiparallel magnetic field of laser-produced plasmas for magnetic reconnection research. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:055207. [PMID: 36559487 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.055207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection in laser-produced magnetized plasma is investigated by using optical diagnostics. The magnetic field is generated via the Biermann battery effect, and the inversely directed magnetic field lines interact with each other. It is shown by self-emission measurement that two colliding plasmas stagnate on a midplane, forming two planar dense regions, and that they interact later in time. Laser Thomson scattering spectra are distorted in the direction of the self-generated magnetic field, indicating asymmetric ion velocity distribution and plasma acceleration. In addition, the spectra perpendicular to the magnetic field show different peak intensity, suggesting an electron current formation. These results are interpreted as magnetic field dissipation, reconnection, and outflow acceleration. Two-directional laser Thomson scattering is, as discussed here, a powerful tool for the investigation of microphysics in the reconnection region.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Matsuo
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - S Isayama
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - J Shiota
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Pan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - H Ishihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - O Kuramoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - K Maeda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Sakai K, Moritaka T, Morita T, Tomita K, Minami T, Nishimoto T, Egashira S, Ota M, Sakawa Y, Ozaki N, Kodama R, Kojima T, Takezaki T, Yamazaki R, Tanaka SJ, Aihara K, Koenig M, Albertazzi B, Mabey P, Woolsey N, Matsukiyo S, Takabe H, Hoshino M, Kuramitsu Y. Author Correction: Direct observations of pure electron outflow in magnetic reconnection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16501. [PMID: 36192592 PMCID: PMC9530177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan. .,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.
| | - T Moritaka
- Department of Helical Plasma Research, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509‑5292, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6‑1 Kasuga‑Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816‑8580, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita‑ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060‑8628, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - T Nishimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6‑1 Kasuga‑Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816‑8580, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930‑8555, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5‑10‑1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252‑5258, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5‑10‑1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252‑5258, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5‑10‑1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252‑5258, Japan
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - P Mabey
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6‑1 Kasuga‑Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816‑8580, Japan
| | - H Takabe
- Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - M Hoshino
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7‑3‑1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113‑0033, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan. .,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.
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4
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Matsukiyo S, Yamazaki R, Morita T, Tomita K, Kuramitsu Y, Sano T, Tanaka SJ, Takezaki T, Isayama S, Higuchi T, Murakami H, Horie Y, Katsuki N, Hatsuyama R, Edamoto M, Nishioka H, Takagi M, Kojima T, Tomita S, Ishizaka N, Kakuchi S, Sei S, Sugiyama K, Aihara K, Kambayashi S, Ota M, Egashira S, Izumi T, Minami T, Nakagawa Y, Sakai K, Iwamoto M, Ozaki N, Sakawa Y. High-power laser experiment on developing supercritical shock propagating in homogeneously magnetized plasma of ambient gas origin. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:025205. [PMID: 36109929 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.025205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A developing supercritical collisionless shock propagating in a homogeneously magnetized plasma of ambient gas origin having higher uniformity than the previous experiments is formed by using high-power laser experiment. The ambient plasma is not contaminated by the plasma produced in the early time after the laser shot. While the observed developing shock does not have stationary downstream structure, it possesses some characteristics of a magnetized supercritical shock, which are supported by a one-dimensional full particle-in-cell simulation taking the effect of finite time of laser-target interaction into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shii, Kokuraminamiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-0985, Japan
| | - S Isayama
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - T Higuchi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - H Murakami
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Y Horie
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - N Katsuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - R Hatsuyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Edamoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - H Nishioka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Takagi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Tomita
- Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - N Ishizaka
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kakuchi
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Sei
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Sugiyama
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kambayashi
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Izumi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Iwamoto
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Sakai K, Moritaka T, Morita T, Tomita K, Minami T, Nishimoto T, Egashira S, Ota M, Sakawa Y, Ozaki N, Kodama R, Kojima T, Takezaki T, Yamazaki R, Tanaka SJ, Aihara K, Koenig M, Albertazzi B, Mabey P, Woolsey N, Matsukiyo S, Takabe H, Hoshino M, Kuramitsu Y. Direct observations of pure electron outflow in magnetic reconnection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10921. [PMID: 35773286 PMCID: PMC9247195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a universal process in space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas. It alters magnetic field topology and results in energy release to the plasma. Here we report the experimental results of a pure electron outflow in magnetic reconnection, which is not accompanied with ion flows. By controlling an applied magnetic field in a laser produced plasma, we have constructed an experiment that magnetizes the electrons but not the ions. This allows us to isolate the electron dynamics from the ions. Collective Thomson scattering measurements reveal the electron Alfvénic outflow without ion outflow. The resultant plasmoid and whistler waves are observed with the magnetic induction probe measurements. We observe the unique features of electron-scale magnetic reconnection simultaneously in laser produced plasmas, including global structures, local plasma parameters, magnetic field, and waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - T Moritaka
- Department of Helical Plasma Research, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Nishimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - P Mabey
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - H Takabe
- Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - M Hoshino
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Morace A, Abe Y, Honrubia JJ, Iwata N, Arikawa Y, Nakata Y, Johzaki T, Yogo A, Sentoku Y, Mima K, Ma T, Mariscal D, Sakagami H, Norimatsu T, Tsubakimoto K, Kawanaka J, Tokita S, Miyanaga N, Shiraga H, Sakawa Y, Nakai M, Azechi H, Fujioka S, Kodama R. Super-strong magnetic field-dominated ion beam dynamics in focusing plasma devices. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6876. [PMID: 35477961 PMCID: PMC9046386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High energy density physics is the field of physics dedicated to the study of matter and plasmas in extreme conditions of temperature, densities and pressures. It encompasses multiple disciplines such as material science, planetary science, laboratory and astrophysical plasma science. For the latter, high energy density states can be accompanied by extreme radiation environments and super-strong magnetic fields. The creation of high energy density states in the laboratory consists in concentrating/depositing large amounts of energy in a reduced mass, typically solid material sample or dense plasma, over a time shorter than the typical timescales of heat conduction and hydrodynamic expansion. Laser-generated, high current–density ion beams constitute an important tool for the creation of high energy density states in the laboratory. Focusing plasma devices, such as cone-targets are necessary in order to focus and direct these intense beams towards the heating sample or dense plasma, while protecting the proton generation foil from the harsh environments typical of an integrated high-power laser experiment. A full understanding of the ion beam dynamics in focusing devices is therefore necessary in order to properly design and interpret the numerous experiments in the field. In this work, we report a detailed investigation of large-scale, kilojoule-class laser-generated ion beam dynamics in focusing devices and we demonstrate that high-brilliance ion beams compress magnetic fields to amplitudes exceeding tens of kilo-Tesla, which in turn play a dominant role in the focusing process, resulting either in a worsening or enhancement of focusing capabilities depending on the target geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Y Abe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - J J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronautica y del Espacio, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Nakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - T Johzaki
- Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - K Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
| | - D Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
| | - H Sakagami
- National Institute of Fusion Science, Toki, Japan
| | - T Norimatsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - K Tsubakimoto
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - J Kawanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Tokita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - N Miyanaga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - M Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Azechi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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7
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Yamazaki R, Matsukiyo S, Morita T, Tanaka SJ, Umeda T, Aihara K, Edamoto M, Egashira S, Hatsuyama R, Higuchi T, Hihara T, Horie Y, Hoshino M, Ishii A, Ishizaka N, Itadani Y, Izumi T, Kambayashi S, Kakuchi S, Katsuki N, Kawamura R, Kawamura Y, Kisaka S, Kojima T, Konuma A, Kumar R, Minami T, Miyata I, Moritaka T, Murakami Y, Nagashima K, Nakagawa Y, Nishimoto T, Nishioka Y, Ohira Y, Ohnishi N, Ota M, Ozaki N, Sano T, Sakai K, Sei S, Shiota J, Shoji Y, Sugiyama K, Suzuki D, Takagi M, Toda H, Tomita S, Tomiya S, Yoneda H, Takezaki T, Tomita K, Kuramitsu Y, Sakawa Y. High-power laser experiment forming a supercritical collisionless shock in a magnetized uniform plasma at rest. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:025203. [PMID: 35291161 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.025203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental method to generate quasiperpendicular supercritical magnetized collisionless shocks. In our experiment, ambient nitrogen (N) plasma is at rest and well magnetized, and it has uniform mass density. The plasma is pushed by laser-driven ablation aluminum (Al) plasma. Streaked optical pyrometry and spatially resolved laser collective Thomson scattering clarify structures of plasma density and temperatures, which are compared with one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is indicated that just after the laser irradiation, the Al plasma is magnetized by a self-generated Biermann battery field, and the plasma slaps the incident N plasma. The compressed external field in the N plasma reflects N ions, leading to counterstreaming magnetized N flows. Namely, we identify the edge of the reflected N ions. Such interacting plasmas form a magnetized collisionless shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamazaki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - T Umeda
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Edamoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - R Hatsuyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Higuchi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Hihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Horie
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Hoshino
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Ishii
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - N Ishizaka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Itadani
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Izumi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Kambayashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kakuchi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - N Katsuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - R Kawamura
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Kawamura
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kisaka
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - A Konuma
- Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - R Kumar
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - I Miyata
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - T Moritaka
- Fundamental Physics Simulation Research Division, National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Murakami
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Nagashima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Y Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Nishimoto
- School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Nishioka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Y Ohira
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Ohnishi
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Sei
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - J Shiota
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Shoji
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Sugiyama
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - D Suzuki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Takagi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - H Toda
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Tomita
- Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Tomiya
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - H Yoneda
- Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shii, Kokuraminamiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-0985, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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8
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Li CK, Tikhonchuk VT, Moreno Q, Sio H, D'Humières E, Ribeyre X, Korneev P, Atzeni S, Betti R, Birkel A, Campbell EM, Follett RK, Frenje JA, Hu SX, Koenig M, Sakawa Y, Sangster TC, Seguin FH, Takabe H, Zhang S, Petrasso RD. Collisionless Shocks Driven by Supersonic Plasma Flows with Self-Generated Magnetic Fields. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:055002. [PMID: 31491329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in the Universe as a consequence of supersonic plasma flows sweeping through interstellar and intergalactic media. These shocks are the cause of many observed astrophysical phenomena, but details of shock structure and behavior remain controversial because of the lack of ways to study them experimentally. Laboratory experiments reported here, with astrophysically relevant plasma parameters, demonstrate for the first time the formation of a quasiperpendicular magnetized collisionless shock. In the upstream it is fringed by a filamented turbulent region, a rudiment for a secondary Weibel-driven shock. This turbulent structure is found responsible for electron acceleration to energies exceeding the average energy by two orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, 33405 Talence, France
- ELI-Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Q Moreno
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, 33405 Talence, France
- ELI-Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - H Sio
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E D'Humières
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, 33405 Talence, France
| | - X Ribeyre
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Ph Korneev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Koenig
- Laboratorire pour l'Utilisation de Lasers Intenses, CNRS CEA, Université Paris VI, École Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Takabe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Zhang
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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9
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Rigon G, Casner A, Albertazzi B, Michel T, Mabey P, Falize E, Ballet J, Van Box Som L, Pikuz S, Sakawa Y, Sano T, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Ozaki N, Kuramitsu Y, Valdivia MP, Tzeferacos P, Lamb D, Koenig M. Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiments on the LULI2000 laser in scaled conditions for young supernova remnants. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:021201. [PMID: 31574771 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.021201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a platform developed on the LULI2000 laser facility to investigate the evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) in scaled conditions relevant to young supernova remnants (SNRs) up to 200 years. An RT unstable interface is imaged with a short-pulse laser-driven (PICO2000) x-ray source, providing an unprecedented simultaneous high spatial (24μm) and temporal (10 ps) resolution. This experiment provides relevant data to compare with astrophysical codes, as observational data on the development of RTI at the early stage of the SNR expansion are missing. A comparison is also performed with FLASH radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | | | | | | | - E Falize
- CEA-DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J Ballet
- AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow 125412, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhi," Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - A Faenov
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow 125412, Russia
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow 125412, Russia
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M P Valdivia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - P Tzeferacos
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - D Lamb
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Koenig
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Morace A, Iwata N, Sentoku Y, Mima K, Arikawa Y, Yogo A, Andreev A, Tosaki S, Vaisseau X, Abe Y, Kojima S, Sakata S, Hata M, Lee S, Matsuo K, Kamitsukasa N, Norimatsu T, Kawanaka J, Tokita S, Miyanaga N, Shiraga H, Sakawa Y, Nakai M, Nishimura H, Azechi H, Fujioka S, Kodama R. Enhancing laser beam performance by interfering intense laser beamlets. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2995. [PMID: 31278266 PMCID: PMC6611939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the laser energy absorption into energetic particle beams represents a longstanding quest in intense laser-plasma physics. During the interaction with matter, part of the laser energy is converted into relativistic electron beams, which are the origin of secondary sources of energetic ions, γ-rays and neutrons. Here we experimentally demonstrate that using multiple coherent laser beamlets spatially and temporally overlapped, thus producing an interference pattern in the laser focus, significantly improves the laser energy conversion efficiency into hot electrons, compared to one beam with the same energy and nominal intensity as the four beamlets combined. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations support the experimental results, suggesting that beamlet interference pattern induces a periodical shaping of the critical density, ultimately playing a key-role in enhancing the laser-to-electron energy conversion efficiency. This method is rather insensitive to laser pulse contrast and duration, making this approach robust and suitable to many existing facilities. Enhanced coupling of laser energy to the target particles is a fundamental issue in laser-plasma interactions. Here the authors demonstrate increased photon absorption leading into higher laser to electron and proton energy transfer through the interference of multiple coherent beamlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - N Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Andreev
- Max Born Institute for non-linear optics and short pulse spectroscopy, Berlin, 12489, Germany.,St. Petersburg State University, Sankt-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - S Tosaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - X Vaisseau
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Kojima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Sakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Lee
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Matsuo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Kamitsukasa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Norimatsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - J Kawanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Tokita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Miyanaga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Nishimura
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Azechi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Mabey P, Albertazzi B, Falize E, Michel T, Rigon G, Van Box Som L, Pelka A, Brack FE, Kroll F, Filippov E, Gregori G, Kuramitsu Y, Lamb DQ, Li C, Ozaki N, Pikuz S, Sakawa Y, Tzeferacos P, Koenig M. Laboratory study of stationary accretion shock relevant to astrophysical systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8157. [PMID: 31148567 PMCID: PMC6544622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accretion processes play a crucial role in a wide variety of astrophysical systems. Of particular interest are magnetic cataclysmic variables, where, plasma flow is directed along the star’s magnetic field lines onto its poles. A stationary shock is formed, several hundred kilometres above the stellar surface; a distance far too small to be resolved with today’s telescopes. Here, we report the results of an analogous laboratory experiment which recreates this astrophysical system. The dynamics of the laboratory system are strongly influenced by the interplay of material, thermal, magnetic and radiative effects, allowing a steady shock to form at a constant distance from a stationary obstacle. Our results demonstrate that a significant amount of plasma is ejected in the lateral direction; a phenomenon that is under-estimated in typical magnetohydrodynamic simulations and often neglected in astrophysical models. This changes the properties of the post-shock region considerably and has important implications for many astrophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mabey
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - E Falize
- CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297, Arpajon, France.,CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Th Michel
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - G Rigon
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - L Van Box Som
- CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297, Arpajon, France.,CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Pelka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - F-E Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Filippov
- JIHT-RAS, 13-2 Izhorskaya st., Moscow, 125412, Russia.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - D Q Lamb
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Pikuz
- JIHT-RAS, 13-2 Izhorskaya st., Moscow, 125412, Russia.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - P Tzeferacos
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.,Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Koenig
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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12
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White TG, Oliver MT, Mabey P, Kühn-Kauffeldt M, Bott AFA, Döhl LNK, Bell AR, Bingham R, Clarke R, Foster J, Giacinti G, Graham P, Heathcote R, Koenig M, Kuramitsu Y, Lamb DQ, Meinecke J, Michel T, Miniati F, Notley M, Reville B, Ryu D, Sarkar S, Sakawa Y, Selwood MP, Squire J, Scott RHH, Tzeferacos P, Woolsey N, Schekochihin AA, Gregori G. Supersonic plasma turbulence in the laboratory. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1758. [PMID: 30988285 PMCID: PMC6465398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of supersonic, compressible plasma turbulence determine the behavior of many terrestrial and astrophysical systems. In the interstellar medium and molecular clouds, compressible turbulence plays a vital role in star formation and the evolution of our galaxy. Observations of the density and velocity power spectra in the Orion B and Perseus molecular clouds show large deviations from those predicted for incompressible turbulence. Hydrodynamic simulations attribute this to the high Mach number in the interstellar medium (ISM), although the exact details of this dependence are not well understood. Here we investigate experimentally the statistical behavior of boundary-free supersonic turbulence created by the collision of two laser-driven high-velocity turbulent plasma jets. The Mach number dependence of the slopes of the density and velocity power spectra agree with astrophysical observations, and supports the notion that the turbulence transitions from being Kolmogorov-like at low Mach number to being more Burgers-like at higher Mach numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G White
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - M T Oliver
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - P Mabey
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Université Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universitiés, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | | | - A F A Bott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - L N K Döhl
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A R Bell
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R Bingham
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - R Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - J Foster
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK
| | - G Giacinti
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 103980, 69029, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Graham
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK
| | - R Heathcote
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Université Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universitiés, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 564-0871, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 564-0871, Japan
| | - D Q Lamb
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - J Meinecke
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Th Michel
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Université Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universitiés, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - F Miniati
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - M Notley
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - B Reville
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - D Ryu
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M P Selwood
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - J Squire
- Theoretical Astrophysics, 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Physics Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - P Tzeferacos
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - N Woolsey
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A A Schekochihin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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13
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Ross JS, Higginson DP, Ryutov D, Fiuza F, Hatarik R, Huntington CM, Kalantar DH, Link A, Pollock BB, Remington BA, Rinderknecht HG, Swadling GF, Turnbull DP, Weber S, Wilks S, Froula DH, Rosenberg MJ, Morita T, Sakawa Y, Takabe H, Drake RP, Kuranz C, Gregori G, Meinecke J, Levy MC, Koenig M, Spitkovsky A, Petrasso RD, Li CK, Sio H, Lahmann B, Zylstra AB, Park HS. Transition from Collisional to Collisionless Regimes in Interpenetrating Plasma Flows on the National Ignition Facility. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:185003. [PMID: 28524679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.185003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A study of the transition from collisional to collisionless plasma flows has been carried out at the National Ignition Facility using high Mach number (M>4) counterstreaming plasmas. In these experiments, CD-CD and CD-CH planar foils separated by 6-10 mm are irradiated with laser energies of 250 kJ per foil, generating ∼1000 km/s plasma flows. Varying the foil separation distance scales the ion density and average bulk velocity and, therefore, the ion-ion Coulomb mean free path, at the interaction region at the midplane. The characteristics of the flow interaction have been inferred from the neutrons and protons generated by deuteron-deuteron interactions and by x-ray emission from the hot, interpenetrating, and interacting plasmas. A localized burst of neutrons and bright x-ray emission near the midpoint of the counterstreaming flows was observed, suggesting strong heating and the initial stages of shock formation. As the separation of the CD-CH foils increases we observe enhanced neutron production compared to particle-in-cell simulations that include Coulomb collisions, but do not include collective collisionless plasma instabilities. The observed plasma heating and enhanced neutron production is consistent with the initial stages of collisionless shock formation, mediated by the Weibel filamentation instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Ryutov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - F Fiuza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C M Huntington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D H Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Link
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - G F Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D P Turnbull
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Morita
- Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Takabe
- Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R P Drake
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C Kuranz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J Meinecke
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M C Levy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Koenig
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Universit Paris 6, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Spitkovsky
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Sio
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A B Zylstra
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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14
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Ozaki N, Nellis WJ, Mashimo T, Ramzan M, Ahuja R, Kaewmaraya T, Kimura T, Knudson M, Miyanishi K, Sakawa Y, Sano T, Kodama R. Dynamic compression of dense oxide (Gd3Ga5O12) from 0.4 to 2.6 TPa: Universal Hugoniot of fluid metals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26000. [PMID: 27193942 PMCID: PMC4872160 DOI: 10.1038/srep26000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials at high pressures and temperatures are of great current interest for warm dense matter physics, planetary sciences, and inertial fusion energy research. Shock-compression equation-of-state data and optical reflectivities of the fluid dense oxide, Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG), were measured at extremely high pressures up to 2.6 TPa (26 Mbar) generated by high-power laser irradiation and magnetically-driven hypervelocity impacts. Above 0.75 TPa, the GGG Hugoniot data approach/reach a universal linear line of fluid metals, and the optical reflectivity most likely reaches a constant value indicating that GGG undergoes a crossover from fluid semiconductor to poor metal with minimum metallic conductivity (MMC). These results suggest that most fluid compounds, e.g., strong planetary oxides, reach a common state on the universal Hugoniot of fluid metals (UHFM) with MMC at sufficiently extreme pressures and temperatures. The systematic behaviors of warm dense fluid would be useful benchmarks for developing theoretical equation-of-state and transport models in the warm dense matter regime in determining computational predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - W. J. Nellis
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - T. Mashimo
- Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - M. Ramzan
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
- Applied Materials Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. Kaewmaraya
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T. Kimura
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - M. Knudson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1181, USA
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2816, USA
| | - K. Miyanishi
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T. Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R. Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Huser G, Recoules V, Ozaki N, Sano T, Sakawa Y, Salin G, Albertazzi B, Miyanishi K, Kodama R. Experimental and ab initio investigations of microscopic properties of laser-shocked Ge-doped ablator. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:063108. [PMID: 26764839 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.063108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plastic materials (CH) doped with mid-Z elements are used as ablators in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules and in their surrogates. Hugoniot equation of state (EOS) and electronic properties of CH doped with germanium (at 2.5% and 13% dopant fractions) are investigated experimentally up to 7 Mbar using velocity and reflectivity measurements of shock fronts on the GEKKO laser at Osaka University. Reflectivity and temperature measurements were updated using a quartz standard. Shocked quartz reflectivity was measured at 532 and 1064 nm. Theoretical investigation of shock pressure and reflectivity was then carried out by ab initio simulations using the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) code abinit and compared with tabulated average atom EOS models. We find that shock states calculated by QMD are in better agreement with experimental data than EOS models because of a more accurate description of ionic structure. We finally discuss electronic properties by comparing reflectivity data to a semiconductor gap closure model and to QMD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Huser
- CEA, DAM, DIF, Bruyères-le-Châtel, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - V Recoules
- CEA, DAM, DIF, Bruyères-le-Châtel, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Photons Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - G Salin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, Bruyères-le-Châtel, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - B Albertazzi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Photons Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Photons Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Kimura T, Ozaki N, Sano T, Okuchi T, Sano T, Shimizu K, Miyanishi K, Terai T, Kakeshita T, Sakawa Y, Kodama R. P-ρ-T measurements of H2O up to 260 GPa under laser-driven shock loading. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:164504. [PMID: 25933771 DOI: 10.1063/1.4919052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure, density, and temperature data for H2O were obtained up to 260 GPa by using laser-driven shock compression technique. The shock compression technique combined with the diamond anvil cell was used to assess the equation of state models for the P-ρ-T conditions for both the principal Hugoniot and the off-Hugoniot states. The contrast between the models allowed for a clear assessment of the equation of state models. Our P-ρ-T data totally agree with those of the model based on quantum molecular dynamics calculations. These facts indicate that this model is adopted as the standard for modeling interior structures of Neptune, Uranus, and exoplanets in the liquid phase in the multi-Mbar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kimura
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Okuchi
- Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - T Sano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Shimizu
- KYOKUGEN, Center for Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - K Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Terai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Kakeshita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Miyanishi K, Tange Y, Ozaki N, Kimura T, Sano T, Sakawa Y, Tsuchiya T, Kodama R. Laser-shock compression of magnesium oxide in the warm-dense-matter regime. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:023103. [PMID: 26382531 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium oxide has been experimentally and computationally investigated in the warm-dense solid and liquid ranges from 200 GPa to 1 TPa along the principal Hugoniot. The linear approximation between shock velocity and particle velocity is validated up to a shock velocity of 15 km/s from the experimental data, this suggesting that the MgO B1 structure is stable up to the corresponding shock pressure of ∼350 GPa. Moreover, our Hugoniot data, combined with ab initio simulations, show two crossovers between MgO Hugoniot and the extrapolation of the linear approximation line, occurring at a shock pressures of approximately 350 and 650 GPa, with shock temperatures of 8000 and 14,000 K, respectively. These crossover regions are consistent with the solid-solid (B1-B2) and the solid-liquid (B2-melt) phase boundaries predicted by the ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Tange
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute Ehime Satellite, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Kimura
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Tsuchiya
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute Ehime Satellite, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Sakawa Y, Kuramitsu Y, Morita T, Kato T, Tanji H, Ide T, Nishio K, Kuwada M, Tsubouchi T, Ide H, Norimatsu T, Gregory C, Woolsey N, Schaar K, Murphy C, Gregori G, Diziere A, Pelka A, Koenig M, Wang S, Dong Q, Li Y, Park HS, Ross S, Kugland N, Ryutov D, Remington B, Spitkovsky A, Froula D, Takabe H. High-power laser experiments to study collisionless shock generation. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135915001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shiraga H, Fujioka S, Nakai M, Watari T, Nakamura H, Arikawa Y, Hosoda H, Nagai T, Koga M, Kikuchi H, Ishii Y, Sogo T, Shigemori K, Nishimura H, Zhang Z, Tanabe M, Ohira S, Fujii Y, Namimoto T, Sakawa Y, Maegawa O, Ozaki T, Tanaka K, Habara H, Iwawaki T, Shimada K, Key M, Norreys P, Pasley J, Nagatomo H, Johzaki T, Sunahara A, Murakami M, Sakagami H, Taguchi T, Norimatsu T, Homma H, Fujimoto Y, Iwamoto A, Miyanaga N, Kawanaka J, Kanabe T, Jitsuno T, Nakata Y, Tsubakimoto K, Sueda K, Kodama R, Kondo K, Morio N, Matsuo S, Kawasaki T, Sawai K, Tsuji K, Murakami H, Sarukura N, Shimizu T, Mima K, Azechi H. Implosion and heating experiments of fast ignition targets by Gekko-XII and LFEX lasers. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135901008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nishio K, Sakawa Y, Kuramitsu Y, Morita T, Ide T, Kuwada M, Koga M, Kato T, Norimatsu T, Gregory C, Woolsey N, Murphy C, Gregori G, Schaar K, Diziere A, Koenig M, Pelka A, Wang S, Dong Q, Li Y, Takabe H. Laboratory experiments on plasma jets in a magnetic field using high-power lasers. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135915005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ide T, Sakawa Y, Kuramitsu Y, Morita T, Tanji H, Nishio K, Kuwada M, Ide H, Tsubouchi K, Shimazaki S, Taguchi T, Gregory C, Diziere A, Nakatsutsumi M, Koenig M, Ohnishi N, Takabe H. Formation of counterstreaming plasmas for collisionless shock experiment. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135915002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Morita T, Sakawa Y, Kuramitsu Y, Ide T, Nishio K, Kuwada M, Ide H, Tsubouchi K, Yoneda H, Nishida A, Namiki T, Norimatsu T, Tomita K, Nakayama K, Inoue K, Uchino K, Nakatsutsumi M, Pelka A, Koenig M, Dong Q, Yuan D, Gregori G, Takabe H. High Mach-number collisionless shock driven by a laser with an external magnetic field. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135915004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Morita T, Sakawa Y, Kuramitsu Y, Dono S, Ide T, Shibata S, Aoki H, Tanji H, Sano T, Shiroshita A, Waugh JN, Gregory CD, Woolsey NC, Takabe H. Optical pyrometer system for collisionless shock experiments in high-power laser-produced plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D514. [PMID: 23126856 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A temporally and spatially resolved optical pyrometer system has been fielded on Gekko XII experiments. The system is based on the self-emission measurements with a gated optical imager (GOI) and a streaked optical pyrometer (SOP). Both detectors measure the intensity of the self-emission from laser-produced plasmas at the wavelength of 450 nm with a bandpass filter with a width of ~10 nm in FWHM. The measurements were calibrated with different methods, and both results agreed with each other within 30% as previously reported [T. Morita et al., Astrophys. Space Sci. 336, 283 (2011)]. As a tool for measuring the properties of low-density plasmas, the system is applicable for the measurements of the electron temperature and density in collisionless shock experiments [Y. Kuramitsu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 175002 (2011)].
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Kuramitsu Y, Sakawa Y, Dono S, Gregory CD, Pikuz SA, Loupias B, Koenig M, Waugh JN, Woolsey N, Morita T, Moritaka T, Sano T, Matsumoto Y, Mizuta A, Ohnishi N, Takabe H. Kelvin-Helmholtz turbulence associated with collisionless shocks in laser produced plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:195004. [PMID: 23003052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.195004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental results of a turbulent electric field driven by Kelvin-Helmholtz instability associated with laser produced collisionless shock waves. By irradiating an aluminum double plane target with a high-power laser, counterstreaming plasma flows are generated. As the consequence of the two plasma interactions, two shock waves and the contact surface are excited. The shock electric field and transverse modulation of the contact surface are observed by proton radiography. Performing hydrodynamic simulations, we reproduce the time evolutions of the reverse shocks and the transverse modulation driven by Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuramitsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
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Gregori G, Ravasio A, Murphy CD, Schaar K, Baird A, Bell AR, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Bingham R, Constantin C, Drake RP, Edwards M, Everson ET, Gregory CD, Kuramitsu Y, Lau W, Mithen J, Niemann C, Park HS, Remington BA, Reville B, Robinson APL, Ryutov DD, Sakawa Y, Yang S, Woolsey NC, Koenig M, Miniati F. Generation of scaled protogalactic seed magnetic fields in laser-produced shock waves. Nature 2012; 481:480-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kuramitsu Y, Sakawa Y, Morita T, Gregory CD, Waugh JN, Dono S, Aoki H, Tanji H, Koenig M, Woolsey N, Takabe H. Time evolution of collisionless shock in counterstreaming laser-produced plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:175002. [PMID: 21635040 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the time evolution of a strong collisionless shock in counterstreaming plasmas produced using a high-power laser pulse. The counterstreaming plasmas were generated by irradiating a CH double-plane target with the laser. In self-emission streaked optical pyrometry data, steepening of the self-emission profile as the two-plasma interaction evolved indicated shock formation. The shock thickness was less than the mean free path of the counterstreaming ions. Two-dimensional snapshots of the self-emission and shadowgrams also showed very thin shock structures. The Mach numbers estimated from the flow velocity and the brightness temperatures are very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuramitsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
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Kuramitsu Y, Nakanii N, Kondo K, Sakawa Y, Mori Y, Miura E, Tsuji K, Kimura K, Fukumochi S, Kashihara M, Tanimoto T, Nakamura H, Ishikura T, Takeda K, Tampo M, Kodama R, Kitagawa Y, Mima K, Tanaka KA, Hoshino M, Takabe H. Experimental evidence of nonthermal acceleration of relativistic electrons by an intensive laser pulse. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 83:026401. [PMID: 21405912 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonthermal acceleration of relativistic electrons is investigated with an intensive laser pulse. An energy distribution function of energetic particles in the universe or cosmic rays is well represented by a power-law spectrum, therefore, nonthermal acceleration is essential to understand the origin of cosmic rays. A possible candidate for the origin of cosmic rays is wakefield acceleration at relativistic astrophysical perpendicular shocks. The wakefield is considered to be excited by large-amplitude precursor light waves in the upstream of the shocks. Substituting an intensive laser pulse for the large amplitude light waves, we performed a model experiment of the shock environments in a laboratory plasma. An intensive laser pulse was propagated in a plasma tube created by imploding a hollow polystyrene cylinder, as the large amplitude light waves propagated in the upstream plasma at an astrophysical shock. Nonthermal electrons were generated, and the energy distribution functions of the electrons have a power-law component with an index of ~2. We described the detailed procedures to obtain the nonthermal components from data obtained by an electron spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuramitsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Sakawa Y, Nakamura H, Oshima S, Hatakeyama M, Kageiwa N, Hino S, Tanimoto S, Tanabe M, Habara H, Homma H, Norimatsu T, Jitsuno T, Cai H, Zhou W, Johzaki T, Sunahara A, Nagatomo H, Nishimura H, Tanaka KA, Mima K, Azechi H. A model experiment of a double-cone target using a gap target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/4/042012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kadono T, Shigemori K, Fujioka S, Otani K, Sano T, Sakawa Y, Azechi H, Ozaki N, Kimura T, Miyanishi K, Endo T, Arakawa M, Nakamura AM, Sugita S, Matsui T. Impact vaporization of rocks using a high-power laser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/4/042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tsuzuki K, Hirai T, Kusama Y, Phillips V, Pospiesczck A, Sakamoto M, Sakawa Y, Sergienko G, Schweer B, Tanabe T, Ueda Y. Exposure of reduced activation ferritic steel F82H to TEXTOR plasma. Fusion Engineering and Design 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sakawa Y, Hori M, Shoji T, Sato T. Optical measurements of paired luminous rings in capacitive radio-frequency hydrogen discharges. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:6007-15. [PMID: 11970506 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Optical measurements of paired luminous rings separated by a narrow dark gap have been conducted in capacitive radio-frequency (rf) hydrogen discharges. The lines of molecular H(2) are strongly excited at the ring emission compared with a weaker emission of the H(alpha) line. The number of ring pairs increases with gas pressure, and the outermost ring pairs near the electrodes start to appear earlier than the inner ones. Each ring emission is turning on and off with the applied rf frequency, i.e., the left-side (right-side) ring of a paired ring is on when the left-side (right-side) electrode is biased positively. The axial light intensity profile, which is time resolved with the applied rf frequency, indicates that the emission profiles are similar to those of dc glow discharges, and the luminous rings correspond to the standing striations at the positive column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sakawa
- Department of Energy Engineering and Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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Nakajima K, Fisher D, Kawakubo T, Nakanishi H, Ogata A, Kato Y, Kitagawa Y, Kodama R, Mima K, Shiraga H, Suzuki K, Yamakawa K, Zhang T, Sakawa Y, Shoji T, Nishida Y, Yugami N, Downer M, Tajima T. Observation of ultrahigh gradient electron acceleration by a self-modulated intense short laser pulse. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:4428-4431. [PMID: 10058504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Nakajima K, Kawakubo T, Nakanishi H, Ogata A, Kitagawa Y, Kodama R, Mima K, Shiraga H, Suzuki K, Yamakawa K, Zhang T, Kato Y, Fisher D, Downer M, Tajima T, Sakawa Y, Shoji T, Yugami N, Nishida Y. Proof-of-principle experiments of laser wakefield acceleration using a 1 ps 10 TW Nd:glass laser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.48237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Matsuno F, Asano T, Sakawa Y. Modeling and quasi-static hybrid position/force control of constrained planar two-link flexible manipulators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1109/70.294204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sakawa Y, Joshi C, Kaw PK, Jain VK, Johnston TW, Chen FF, Dawson JM. Nonlinear evolution of the modified Simon-Hoh instability via a cascade of sideband instabilities in a weak beam plasma system. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 69:85-88. [PMID: 10046195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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