A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Music Listening on Procedural Pain, Anxiety and Comfort Levels during Cystoscopy

This study aimed to determine the effect of music listening on procedural pain intensity, anxiety, and comfort levels in patients during cystoscopy. This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Study participants were randomly assigned to either a control or music group. The outcome measures were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale, State Anxiety Scale, and General Comfort Questionnaire. A total of 36 patients in each group completed the study. The mean scores of pain in the music and control groups immediately after cystoscopy were 3.22 (SD, 1.72) and 5.22 (SD, 1.92), respectively. A statistically significant difference (between-group effect) was found, indicating that pain scores in the music group were significantly lower than those of the control group (group: F = 15.756, p < .001). However, no statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding anxiety and comfort scores 20 min after cystoscopy (t₁ = 1.156, p = .526; t₁ = -0.586, p = .560, respectively). Music listening is a safe, economical, and effective method in pain management in patients undergoing cystoscopy.

A correlational study on pain and depression in geriatric patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery

AIM

Pain is prevalent in geriatric patients and is not only a signal of physical diseases but also a symptom of mental health problems. This study aimed to explore the relationship between pain and depression in geriatric patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery.

METHODS

The study used a correlational and cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of geriatric patients (n = 200) scheduled for orthopaedic surgery in a research and training hospital in northern Turkey. Data were collected by the researchers using the Geriatric Pain Measure and Geriatric Depression Scale. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis were used.

RESULTS

The patients' mean age was 73.16 ± 8.27 years. It was found that 5.5% (n = 11) of the participants had mild pain, 45.5% (n = 91) had moderate pain, and 49% (n = 98) had severe pain. There was a positive and moderate significant relationship between the mean Geriatric Pain Measure and Geriatric Depression Scale scores (r = 0.479, P < 0.01). Age (β = 0.133; P < 0.05) and education (β = 2.484; P < 0.05) were statistically significantly associated with depression. There was a significant and positive relationship between depression and being dependent in activities of daily living (β = 5.098; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that geriatric patients who were older, illiterate, dependent in activities of daily living, and with higher levels of pain had higher depression. A multidisciplinary team approach including nurses should be utilised in pain management and it should not be ignored that severe pain may be associated with depression in geriatric patients.

Digital addiction, academic performance, and sleep disturbance among nursing students

PURPOSE

This study aimed to examine the relationship between digital addiction, academic performance, and sleep disturbance among nursing students.

DESIGN AND METHODS

The study was a correlational and cross-sectional design. Four hundred twenty-nine nursing students were enrolled in this study.

FINDINGS

There was a positive significant relationship between the mean Sleep Disturbance (SD) T-scores and Digital Addiction Scale (DAS) scores (r = 0.203, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the mean SD T-scores and DAS subscale scores (p < 0.01) PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrated that digital addiction had an influence on sleep disturbance. It is recommended that nursing students be provided with training to inform them about negative effects of digital addiction.

The effect of perceived stress on anxiety and sleep quality among healthcare professionals in intensive care units during the coronavirus pandemic

The study aimed to explore the effect of perceived stress of healthcare workers on anxiety and sleep level in intensive care units during corona virus pandemic. The research was conducted in descriptive and cross-sectional types. The study was conducted between April 2020 and July 2020 at Atatürk University Research Hospital and Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital. In the research, it was aimed to reach all the healthcare professionals (260) working in intensive care units without selecting a sample. The data was collected by using the personal information form prepared by the researchers in line with the literature, Perceived Stress Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Vısual Analog Sleep Scale. Of the 210 participants, 75.4% were female, and 88.1% were nurses. The mean age of the participants was 27.04 ± 5.71 years, and 51.9% of the participants were 20-25 years old. The mean perceived stress, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and visual analog sleep scores were moderate and found as 29.9 ± 6.83, 43.09 ± 5.55, 46.15 ± 5.3, and 503.79 ± 134.24, respectively. In conclusion, a general picture of the psychological state of healthcare professionals in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic has been presented.

Cold Therapy and the Effect on Pain and Physiological Parameters in Patients Recovering from Spine Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Study

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to determine the effect of cold therapy (CT) on pain and physiological parameters after spine surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Study participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or a CT group. The outcome measured was pain intensity rated by a numeric rating scale. Psychological outcome measures were considered secondary.

RESULTS

Thirty-eight patients in each group completed the study. No statistically significant difference was found between the pain scores of patients in the CT and those in the control group during the 24-h period following surgery (group: F = 0.01, p = 0.922). However, it was found that the pain scores of patients in the CT group were significantly lower than those in the control group during the 48-h period (group: F = 10.59, p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

CT reduced pain scores during the 48-h period following spine surgery. Our findings support the use of CT as an adjuvant therapy in pain management.

Relief of Procedural Pain in Critically Ill Patients by Music Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of music listening for procedural pain relief using two different observational pain tools during endotracheal suctioning.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was a randomized controlled trial. The sample of the study included 98 patients with mechanical ventilation support who met the selection criteria. The patients were randomly assigned to control and music therapy groups. Patients in the control group were routinely suctioned as usual. Patients in the music group received music therapy 20 min before, during, and 20 min after endotracheal suctioning. The primary outcome was the pain relief during suctioning.

RESULTS

Forty patients in each arm completed the study. Pain scores in the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and Behavioral Pain Scale were lower in the music group than in the control group during endotracheal suctioning (group: F = 14.85, p = 0.000; F = 9.04, p = 0.000, respectively). It was also found to be a significant interaction effect between the groups and time (group × time: F = 17.35, p = 0.000; F = 18.00, p = 0.000, respectively).

CONCLUSION

The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and Behavioral Pain Scale in the current study generally demonstrated similar pain scores during the painful procedure. Our findings support that music therapy may act as a nonpharmacological therapy to relieve procedural pain in patients on mechanical ventilation.

The Use of the Buzzy, Jet Lidokaine, Bubble-blowing and Aromatherapy for Reducing Pediatric Pain, Stress and Fear Associated with Phlebotomy

PURPOSE

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Buzzy, Jet lidokaine, bubble-blowing and inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence on pain, stress and fear in children undergoing phlebotomy.

DESIGNS AND METHODS

This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. The sample was comprised of children aged 5 to 10 years requiring blood tests. Children were assigned to five subgroups through randomization performed using a computer program: the Buzzy group (n = 39), Jet lidokaine group (n = 39), bubble-blowing group (n = 39), inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essence group (n = 39) and control group (n = 39). The children's levels of pain were evaluated and reported by the parents, observers and the children, who self-reported using the Oucher Pain Scale. The children's fear levels were assessed using the Children's Fear Scale, and salivary cortisol analysis was conducted to evaluate stress levels.

RESULTS

A significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups in terms of levels of pain during and after phlebotomy in favor of the Buzzy group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the fear scores of the children in the intervention and control groups before phlebotomy (p < 0.05). This difference was found to be caused by the bubble-blowing method. There was a significant difference between intervention and control groups fear levels in favor of the Buzzy group during phlebotomy (p < 0.05).

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

It is recommended that the Buzzy and bubble-blowing be used during phlebotomy in children to reduce the severity of their pain.

The effect of music therapy on depression and physiological parameters in elderly people living in a Turkish nursing home: a randomized-controlled trial

OBJECTIVE

This study was carried out in an effort to determine the effect of music therapy on depression and physiological parameters in elderly people who were living in a nursing home.

METHOD

The study was a randomized controlled trial. The study sample consisted of 64 elderly people who complied with the criteria of inclusion for the study. The data were collected using the 'Elderly Information Form' and 'Geriatric Depression Scale'. The music group listened to music three days in a week during 8 weeks. The depression levels were assessed at baseline (week 0) and follow-up in the eight week.

RESULTS

It was found that the difference between post-test depression scores of the two groups was found to be statistically significant (t = -2.86, p <.01). The mean scores of post-test systolic blood pressure in the music group were found to be significantly lower than those of the control group (t = -3.11, p < .05).

CONCLUSION

It was concluded that music therapy decreased the depression level and systolic blood pressure in elderly people. The study results implies that music therapy can be an effective practice for public health and home care nurses attempting to reduce depression and control physiological parameters of elderly people.

A Turkish Version of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool: Reliability and Validity Assessment

PURPOSE

The study aim was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool in critically ill patients.

DESIGN

A repeated measures design was used for the study.

METHODS

A convenience sample of 66 patients who had undergone open-heart surgery in the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit in Ordu, Turkey, was recruited for the study. The patients were evaluated by using the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool at rest, during a nociceptive procedure (suctioning), and 20 minutes after the procedure while they were conscious and intubated after surgery.

FINDING

The Turkish version of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool has shown statistically acceptable levels of validity and reliability. Inter-rater reliability was supported by moderate-to-high-weighted κ coefficients (weighted κ coefficient = 0.55 to 1.00). For concurrent validity, significant associations were found between the scores on the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool and the Behavioral Pain Scale scores. Discriminant validity was also supported by higher scores during suctioning (a nociceptive procedure) versus non-nociceptive procedures. The internal consistency of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool was 0.72 during a nociceptive procedure and 0.71 during a non-nociceptive procedure.

CONCLUSIONS

The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool was determined to be acceptable for pain assessment in critical care, especially for patients who cannot communicate verbally.

A Survey on Turkish nursing students' perception of clinical learning environment and its association with academic motivation and clinical decision making

BACKGROUND

Nursing education is a process that includes theoretical and practical learning and requires the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and skill. Nursing students need a good clinical practice environment in order to apply their knowledge and skills due to the fact that the clinical practice settings play an important role in the nursing profession.

OBJECTIVES

This study was carried out in an effort to explore nursing students' perception of the clinical learning environment and its association with academic motivation and clinical decision making.

DESIGN

A descriptive survey design was used.

SETTING

This study was conducted in Giresun University in Turkey.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants were second-, third- and fourth-year undergraduate students (n=222) in the Bachelor of Nursing Science Degree in the academic spring term of 2014-2015.

METHODS

The data was collected using the 'Clinical Learning Environment Scale', the 'Academic Motivation, and the 'The Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale'.

RESULTS

Of the respondents in this study, 45% of the students were second class, 30.6% of the students were third class and 24.3% of the students were fourth class. There was a statistically significant positive correlation found between the clinical learning environment and the nursing students' academic motivation (r=0.182, p<.05). However, there was no correlation between the clinical learning environment and clinical decision making (r=0.082, p>.05).

CONCLUSION

One of the prerequisites for the training of qualified students is to provide nursing students with a qualified clinical environment. It was found that nursing students' academic motivation increased as the quality of their clinical learning environment improved.

The effects of music therapy in endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated patients

BACKGROUND

Endotracheal suctioning has been identified as a painful procedure for critically ill patients.

AIM

To determine the effect of music therapy on pain intensity, sedation level and physiological parameters during endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated patients in cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit (ICU).

DESIGN

Experimental survey.

METHODS

The study was conducted between May 2010 and June 2013 in Ordu Medical Park Hospital Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit. The study sample consisted of 66 patients (33 experimental and 33 control) who complied with the criteria of inclusion for the study. Data was collected using the 'Patient Information Form', 'Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool', 'Ramsay Sedation Scale' and 'Form of Physiological Parameters'.

RESULTS

The mean scores of the Ramsay Sedation Scale during endotracheal aspiration were respectively 1·88 and 1·55 in the experimental and control group and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0·003). The mean score of Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool during endotracheal suctioning in the experimental group was found to be lower statistically than those of the control group (p < 0·001). There were no significant differences before, during and 20 min after suctioning between the two groups with regard to systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation (p > 0·05).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study implies that music therapy can be effective practice for nurses attempting to reduce patients' pain and control sedation level in patients on mechanical ventilators during endotracheal suctioning.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

It is recommended that music therapy should be added to the routine nursing care for mechanically ventilated patients.