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Chu YJ, Lee WT. Detailed analysis of underlying diseases associated with hospitalization in pediatric COVID-19. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00208-0. [PMID: 38631958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Chu YJ, Wong LC, Weng WC, Fan PC, Wang HP, Kuo YT, Yen TY, Lu CY, Lee PI, Chang LY, Wang CC, Wu ET, Lu FL, Peng SSF, Lee WT. High incidence of cerebrovascular lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric COVID-19 during omicron outbreak - A retrospective case series. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00141-4. [PMID: 38431481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of pediatric hospitalizations has significantly increased since the spread of the omicron variant of COVID-19. Changes of characteristics in respiratory and neurological symptoms have been reported. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study to characterize the MRI change in children with an emphasis on the change of cerebral vasculatures. METHODS We retrospectively collected clinical and MRI data of 31 pediatric patients with neurological symptoms during the acute infection and abnormalities on MRI during the outbreak of omicron variant from April 2022 to June 2022 in Taiwan. The clinical manifestations and MRI abnormalities were collected and proportion of patients with vascular abnormalities was calculated. RESULTS Among 31 pediatric patients with post-COVID-19 neurological symptoms, MRI abnormalities were observed in 15 (48.4%), predominantly encephalitis/encephalopathy (73.3%). Notable MRI findings included focal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensity in cerebral cortex and thalamus, diffuse cortical T2/DWI hyperintensity, and lesions in the medulla, pons, cerebellum, and splenium of corpus callosum. Vascular abnormalities were seen in 12 (80%) patients with MRI abnormalities, mainly affecting the middle cerebral arteries. The spectrum of neurological manifestations ranged from seizures to Alice in Wonderland syndrome, underscoring the diverse impact of COVID-19 on pediatric patients. CONCLUSION A high proportion of vascular abnormalities was observed in pediatric patients with neurological involvements, suggesting that vascular involvement is an important mechanism of neurological manifestations in omicron variant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Chin Wong
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Weng
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chuan Fan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital YunLin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luan-Yin Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Ting Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steven Shinn-Forng Peng
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chu YJ, Wong LC, Ho CS, Huang JY, Lee IC, Wang HP, Huang CH, Hsu CJ, Hsu WH, Kao YC, Duan BC, Lee IC, Kuo YT, Chang FM, Hu SC, Wu CC, Lin LC, Hsiao WL, Wang CY, Hung KL, Chi HJ, Wong SB, Lee WT. Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Taiwan: A cross-section, multicenter study. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(23)00500-4. [PMID: 38360490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been a global public health threat since December 2019. This study aims to investigate the neurological characteristics and risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taiwanese children, using data from a collaborative registry. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional, multi-center study was done using an online network of pediatric neurological COVID-19 cohort collaborative registry. RESULTS A total of 11160 COVID-19-associated emergency department (ED) visits and 1079 hospitalizations were analyzed. Seizures were the most common specific neurological symptom, while encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was the most prevalent severe involvement. In ED patients with neurological manifestations, severe neurological diagnosis was associated with visual hallucination, seizure with/without fever, behavior change, decreased GCS, myoclonic jerk, decreased activity/fatigue, and lethargy. In hospitalized patients with neurological manifestations, severe neurological diagnosis was associated with behavior change, visual hallucination, decreased GCS, seizure with/without fever, myoclonic jerk, fatigue, and hypoglycemia at admission. Encephalitis/ADEM was the only risk factor for poor neurological outcomes at discharge in hospitalized patients. CONCLUSIONS Neurological complications are common in pediatric COVID-19. Visual hallucination, seizure, behavior change, myoclonic jerk, decreased GCS, and hypoglycemia at admission are the most important warning signs of severe neurological involvement such as encephalitis/ADEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Chin Wong
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Sheng Ho
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Yun Huang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Pei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, YunLin branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jui Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chia Kao
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - Bi-Chun Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.
| | - Inn-Chi Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Man Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Ching Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Chun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Lung-Chang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ling Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Long Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Ju Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shi-Bing Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen SH, Wang PY, Lee MC, Wu JL, Chu YJ, Liu HM, Chen HS, Tseng WC. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Assists in Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Newborn. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:84-85. [PMID: 37209234 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Han Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Lin Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Sheng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin YH, Tseng WC, Wu JL, Chu YJ, Liu HM, Chen HS, Lee MC. Fish bone associated pneumomediastinum in a 15-year-old adolescent male. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 64:351-352. [PMID: 36372686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Lin Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Sheng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Feng W, Qin C, Abdelrazig S, Bai Z, Raji M, Darwish R, Chu Y, Ji L, Gray DA, Stocks MJ, Constantinescu CS, Barrett DA, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121947. [PMID: 35753538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although natural sesame oil has been shown to facilitate the lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD), considerable variability remains an unresolved challenge. Vegetable oils differ substantially in composition, which could lead to differences in promotion of intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic drugs. Therefore, the differences in composition of sesame, sunflower, peanut, soybean, olive and coconut oils and their corresponding role as vehicles in promoting CBD lymphatic targeting and bioavailability were investigated in this study. The comparative analysis suggests that the fatty acids profile of vegetable oils is overall similar to the fatty acids profile in the corresponding chylomicrons in rat lymph. However, arachidonic acid (C20:4), was introduced to chylomicrons from endogenous nondietary sources. Overall, fatty acid composition of natural vegetable oils vehicles affected the intestinal lymphatic transport and bioavailability of CBD following oral administration in this work. Olive oil led to the highest concentration of CBD in the lymphatic system and in the systemic circulation in comparison to the other natural vegetable oils following oral administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Salah Abdelrazig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ziyu Bai
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mekha Raji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Randa Darwish
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - YenJu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical supplies and maintenance office, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liuhang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David A Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Wang HP, Wong LC, Hsu CJ, Hu SC, Chu YJ, Lee WT. Eye motor manifestations in children with neurometabolic disorders. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:736-748. [PMID: 34561118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurometabolic diseases are complex group of rare neurogenetic disorders, which are difficult to diagnose. Patients may have toxic metabolite accumulation, inadequate energy supply, or neurotransmitter deficiency, resulting in a variety of clinical manifestations and severity with enzyme activity or transporter function defects. Multiple organ involvement is frequently seen, among which neurological symptoms and signs are one of the most encountered problems. Ocular motor problems deserve special attention for it occurs in some inborn error of metabolism. Furthermore, some are early signs or characteristic findings of certain diseases, such as the gaze palsy in Niemann-Pick disease type C and Gaucher disease or oculogyric crisis in neurotransmitter diseases. Early recognition and intervention are important for better prognosis in treatable neurometabolic disorders. In addition, ways to evaluate and describe eye movement problems also help to demonstrate the severity or clinical progression for those diagnosed with certain neurometabolic diseases. However, the complexity of eye movement and ocular motor control renders our clinical observation, recording and even anatomic localization of abnormal eye movements. Clinicians are more likely to detect early signs and unravel problems by gaining awareness of abnormal eye movement. This study amied to approach neurometabolic diseases in children via eye motor manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital YunLin branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Chin Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ching Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Feng W, Qin C, Chu Y, Berton M, Lee JB, Zgair A, Bettonte S, Stocks MJ, Constantinescu CS, Barrett DA, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Natural sesame oil is superior to pre-digested lipid formulations and purified triglycerides in promoting the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of cannabidiol. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 162:43-49. [PMID: 33677067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations play a significant role in oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Previous studies have shown that natural sesame oil promotes the intestinal lymphatic transport and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD). However, both lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability were also associated with considerable variability. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pre-digested lipid formulations (oleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid with 2-oleoylglycerol, oleic acid with 2-oleoylglycerol and oleic acid with glycerol) could reduce variability and increase the extent of the intestinal lymphatic transport and oral bioavailability of CBD. The in vivo studies in rats showed that pre-digested or purified triglyceride did not improve the lymphatic transport and bioavailability of CBD in comparison to sesame oil. Moreover, the results suggest that both the absorption of lipids and the absorption of co-administered CBD were more efficient following administration of natural sesame oil vehicle compared with pre-digested lipids or purified trioleate. Although multiple small molecule constituents and unique fatty acid compositions could potentially contribute to a better performance of sesame oil in oral absorption of lipids or CBD, further investigation will be needed to identify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - YenJu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical Supplies and Maintenance Office, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mattia Berton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Atheer Zgair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar 31001, Iraq
| | - Sara Bettonte
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Chu YJ, Chang CF, Weng WC, Fan PC, Shieh JS, Lee WT. Electroencephalography complexity in infantile spasms and its association with treatment response. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:480-486. [PMID: 33450568 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential of EEG multiscale entropy and complexity as biomarkers in infantile spasms. METHODS We collected EEG data retrospectively from 16 newly diagnosed patients, 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, and 15 drug-resistant patients. The multiscale entropy (MSE) and total EEG complexity before anti-epileptic drug (AED) treatment, before adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment, 14 days after ACTH therapy, and after 6 months of follow-up were calculated. RESULTS The total EEG complexity of 16 newly diagnosed infantile spasms patients was lower than the 16 healthy controls (median [IQR]: 351.5 [323.1-388.1] vs 461.6 [407.7-583.4]). The total EEG complexity before treatment was higher in the six patients with good response to AED than the 10 patients without response (median [IQR]: 410.0 [388.1-475.0] vs 344.5 [319.6-352.0]). The total EEG complexity before and after 14-days of ACTH therapy was not different between 13 ACTH therapy responders and nine non-responders. After 6-months follow-up, the total EEG complexity of ACTH therapy responders were higher than non-responders (median [IQR]: 598.5 [517.4-623.3] vs 448.6 [347.1-536.3]). CONCLUSIONS The total EEG complexity before AED and 6 months after ACTH are associated with spasm-freedom. SIGNIFICANCE The total EEG complexity is a potential biomarker to predict and monitor the treatment effect in infantile spasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Chin Weng
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chuan Fan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Shieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Innovation Center for Biomedical and Healthcare Technology, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Qin C, Feng W, Chu Y, Lee JB, Berton M, Bettonte S, Teo YY, Stocks MJ, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Development and validation of a cost‐effective and sensitive bioanalytical HPLC‐UV method for determination of lopinavir in rat and human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4934. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - YenJu Chu
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Mattia Berton
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Sara Bettonte
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Yeong Yeu Teo
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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Sun XL, Lu M, Chu YJ. [Update on the association between macrophage heterogeneity and atherosclerosis]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2019; 47:660-663. [PMID: 31434441 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X L Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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12
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Liao YF, Liao CH, Chu YJ, Fan PC. Pharmacotherapy and electroencephalographic evolution in SCN8A encephalopathy: A case report. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:1266-1267. [PMID: 31010614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chuan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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He WW, Chu YJ. [Clinical investigation of temporary heart pacemaker for emergency treatment of patients with acute and severe cardiovascular diseases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:2644-2647. [PMID: 27666885 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.33.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of temporary heart pacemaker for emergency treatment of patients with acute and severe cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The clinical data of 147 patients with cardiac arrest or bradyarrhythmia from August 2007 to December 2015, was analyzed retrospectively in Department of internal and Emergency Medicine, People's Hospital of Henan. Based on the rescue methods, all patients were divided into two groups: observation group (80 cases, among whom, 49 cases with cardiac arrest and 31 cases with bradyarrhythmia) and control group (67 cases, among whom 39 cases with cardiac arrest and 28 cases with bradyarrhythmia). Patients in observation group received temporary heart pacemaker, and patients in control group received traditional cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and drug treatment. The rate of rescue and complications were analyzed and compared in two groups. Results: The total rescue rate in observation group was 96.3%, which was significantly higher than that in control group (44.8 %) (P<0.05). Further analysis showed that the rescue rate of patients with cardiac arrest in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (95.1% vs 45.1%) (P<0.05), and the rescue rate of patients with bradyarrhythmia in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (97.4% vs 44.4%) (P<0.05). Complications were observed in 4 patients: pericardial effusion (1 case ), ventricular fibrillation (1 cases) and catheter dislocation (2 cases). Conclusion: Temporary heart pacemaker was safe and effective in the treatment of patients with acute and severe cardiovascular diseases with improved rescue rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W He
- Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, People's Hospital of Henan, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Wang YL, Shen HH, Cheng PY, Chu YJ, Hwang HR, Lam KK, Lee YM. 17-DMAG, an HSP90 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome via Induction of HSP70 in Endotoxemic Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155583. [PMID: 27224288 PMCID: PMC4880344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disorder, accompanied with elevated oxidative stress, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 17-Dimethylaminoethylamino- 17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), a heat shock protein (HSP) 90 inhibitor, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the beneficial effects of 17-DMAG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced MODS and DIC was evaluated in anesthetized rats. 17-DMAG (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was significantly increased survival rate, and prevented hypotension in LPS (30 mg/kg i.v. infused for 4 h) induced endotoxemia. The elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-exposed rat plasma were significantly reduced by 17-DMAG. Moreover, 17-DMAG suppressed LPS-induced superoxide anion production and caspase 3 activation in heart tissues. LPS induced the prolongation of prothrombin time, and a pronounced decrease in platelet count, which were improved by 17-DMAG. 17-DMAG markedly induced HSP70 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein expression in organs 6 h after LPS initiation. Pretreatment with high dose of quercetin (300 mg/kg, i.p.), as an HSP70 inhibitor, reversed the beneficial effects of 17-DMAG on survival rate, plasma levels of ALT, CPK, creatinine, IL-6, and NO metabolites, iNOS induction, and caspase-3 activation in LPS-treated rats. In conclusion, 17-DMAG possesses the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that were proved through LPS-induced acute inflammation, which is associated with induction of HSP70 and HO-1, leading to prevent MODS in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Li Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsueh Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwong-Ru Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Keung Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Catholic Mercy Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YML); (KKL)
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YML); (KKL)
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Duan HY, Liu DM, Qian P, Wang SL, Yan LJ, Wu JT, Yang HT, Fan XW, Chu YJ. Effect of atorvastatin on plasma NT-proBNP and inflammatory cytokine expression in patients with heart failure. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:15739-48. [PMID: 26634541 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of atorvastatin intervention on plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with heart failure (HF). One hundred and twenty-three HF patients were selected from our hospital and randomly divided into control (N = 61) and observation (N = 62) groups; the former received conventional treatment, while the latter were given conventional treatment combined with atorvastatin. Plasma NT-proBNP, inflammatory cytokines [high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10] and cardiac function [left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic maximum flow rate ratio (E/A)] were compared among groups. The effective rate of treating HF significantly increased after atorvastatin treatment. The plasma NT-proBNP, IL-6, IL-10, hs-CRP, and LVEDD levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the LVEF and E/A levels significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the observation group compared to the control group and before intervention. The NT-proBNP and cytokine levels significantly differed among patients with different classes of heart function (P < 0.05); the NT-proBNP and cytokine levels increased with the severity of heart function. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the NT-proBNP and inflammatory cytokine levels and LVEF and E/A values, and a positive correlation between these factors and LVEDD (P < 0.05). In conclusion, atorvastatin significantly improves cardiac function; the mechanism atorvastatin action was related to the decrease in plasma NT-proBNP and inflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - D M Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - P Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - S L Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L J Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J T Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H T Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X W Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y J Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Lui G, Wong CK, Ip M, Chu YJ, Yung IMH, Cheung CSK, Lee N. 1356HMGB-1/RAGE Signaling and Cytokine Activation in Adults Hospitalized for Active Tuberculosis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu052.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lui
- Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Margaret Ip
- Microbiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y J Chu
- Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene MH Yung
- Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Nelson Lee
- Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Abstract
An inverse correlation between geographic distribution of liver cancer incidence and the selenium (Se) contents of whole blood and grains was observed in Qidong county, Jiangsu province, a high liver cancer area of the People's Republic of China. Animal experiments demonstrated that supplementation of Se reduced the incidence of liver cancer in rats exposed to aflatoxin B1. Se was also shown to inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors. A lower incidence of liver preneoplastic alterations and reduction of hepatitis B virus infection in ducks by Se-supplementation was observed, and three pilot studies for a Se-intervention trial on human liver cancer were carried out on the residents of Qidong county. A protective effect on the cellular DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B1 was observed in lympocytes from human with Se-supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yu
- Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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Yu SY, Chu YJ, Gong XL, Hou C, Li WG, Gong HM, Xie JR. Regional variation of cancer mortality incidence and its relation to selenium levels in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 1985; 7:21-9. [PMID: 24258872 DOI: 10.1007/bf02916544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/1984] [Accepted: 08/27/1984] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological relationship between selenium level and age-adjusted human cancer mortality (incidence) was studied in 24 regions located in eight provinces of China. Statistically significant inverse correlation was found between age-adjusted total cancer death rates and selenium levels in whole blood from local residents. In the areas with high selenium levels, there was significantly lower mortality in both males and females from cancer of the stomach and esophagus. In addition, an inverse correlation between regional distribution of liver cancer incidence and selenium contents in blood and grains in Qidong county, an area with high risk of hepatoma, was observed. With the intention of providing selenium supplements to residents living in low selenium regions, the selenium content in grains was raised by means of foliar spraying of crops with Na2SeO3 solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yu
- Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chu YJ, Liu QY, Hou C, Yu SY. Blood selenium concentration in residents of areas in China having a high incidence of lung cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 1984; 6:133-7. [PMID: 24263853 DOI: 10.1007/bf02916930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/1983] [Accepted: 09/30/1983] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Data concerning the blood selenium level and its relation to the mortality from lung cancer are reported. There were 353 samples of blood collected from workers at the Yannan Tin Mine (Yun-Xi) and 75 samples from Beijing residents for comparison. An inverse correlation between blood selenium levels and lung cancer mortalities was observed. The average selenium concentration in whole blood from Beijing residents (age-adjusted mortality rate from lung cancer for males: 12/100,000) and Yun-Xi miners (age-adjusted mortalty from lung cancer for males: 108/100,000) were 12.3 and 8.8 μg/100 mL, respectively. A similar inverse correlation was also observed among young people of comparable sex and age groups. In Yun-Xi, the tin miners working underground with an average lung cancer death rate of 250/100, 000 for males had lower blood selenium concentrations than those working above ground, where the average lung cancer death rate for males was 42/100,000. Workers frequently exposed to arsenic exhibited lower blood selenium contents. Selenium levels in the blood of patients with lung cancer were lower (6.2 μg/100 mL) than those of healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Chu
- Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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