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Palaniveloo K, Ong KH, Satriawan H, Abdul Razak S, Suciati S, Hung HY, Hirayama S, Rizman-Idid M, Tan JK, Yong YS, Phang SM. In vitro and in silico cholinesterase inhibitory potential of metabolites from Laurencia snackeyi (Weber-van Bosse) M. Masuda. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:337. [PMID: 37701628 PMCID: PMC10493208 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes deterioration in intelligence and psychological activities. Yet, till today, no cure is available for AD. The marine environment is an important sink of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective potential with reduced adverse effects. Recently, we collected the red algae Laurencia snackeyi from Terumbu Island, Malaysia which is known to be rich in halogenated metabolites making it the most sought-after red algae for pharmaceutical studies. The red alga was identified based on basic morphological characteristics, microscopic observation and chemical data from literature. The purplish-brown algae was confirmed a new record. In Malaysia, this species is poorly documented in Peninsular Malaysia as compared to its eastern continent Borneo. Thus, this study intended to investigate the diversity of secondary metabolites present in the alga and its cholinesterase inhibiting potential for AD. The extract inhibited both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 values of 14.45 ± 0.34 μ g mL-1 and 39.59 ± 0.24 μ g mL-1, respectively. Subsequently, we isolated the synderanes, palisadin A (1), aplysistatin (2) and 5-acetoxypalisadin B (3) that was not exhibit potential. Mass spectrometry analysis detected at total of 33 additional metabolites. The computational aided molecular docking using the AChE and BChE receptors on all metabolites shortlisted 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (31) and 15-hydroxy-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-piperidinyl]prost-13-ene-1,9-dione (42) with best inhibitory properties, respectively with the lowest optimal combination of S-score and RMSD values. This study shows the unexplored potential of marine natural resources, however, obtaining sufficient biomass for detailed investigation is an uphill task. Regardless, there is a lot of potential for future prospects with a wide range of marine natural resources to study and the incorporation of synthetic chemistry, in vivo studies in experimental design. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03725-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Level 3, Research Management & Innovation Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Hung Ong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Herland Satriawan
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shariza Abdul Razak
- School of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Program, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Suciati Suciati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus C-UNAIR, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shin Hirayama
- Regional Innovation Center, Saga University, 1, Honjo, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
| | - Mohammed Rizman-Idid
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Venmathi Maran BA, Palaniveloo K, Mahendran T, Chellappan DK, Tan JK, Yong YS, Lal MTM, Joning EJ, Chong WS, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Shah MD. Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:6075. [PMID: 37630329 PMCID: PMC10460075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibriosis and parasitic leech infestations cause the death of various farmed fish, such as groupers, hybrid groupers, sea bass, etc., in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. In the absence of natural control agents, aquaculture operators rely on toxic chemicals to control Vibrio infections and parasitic leeches, which can have a negative impact on the environment and health. In the present study, we investigated the antivibrio and antiparasitic activities of the aqueous extract of giant sword fern (GSF) (Nephrolepis biserrata, Nephrolepidaceae, locally known as "Paku Pedang") against four Vibrio spp. and the parasitic leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis, as well as its metabolic composition using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry system (UHPLC-HRMS). The data show that the aqueous extract of GSF at a concentration of 100 mg/mL exhibits potent bactericidal activity against V. parahaemolyticus with a zone of inhibition of 19.5 mm. In addition, the extract showed dose-dependent activity against leeches, resulting in the complete killing of the parasitic leeches within a short period of 11-43 min when tested at concentrations ranging from 100 to 25 mg/mL. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected 118 metabolites in the aqueous extract of GSF. Flavonoids were the primary metabolites, followed by phenolic, aromatic, fatty acyl, terpenoid, vitamin and steroidal compounds. Notably, several of these metabolites possess antibacterial and antiparasitic properties, including cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, apigenin, quercetin, cynaroside, luteolin, naringenin, wogonin, 6-gingerol, nicotinamide, abscisic acid, daidzein, salvianolic acid B, etc. Overall, our study shows the significant antibacterial and antiparasitic potential of the GSF aqueous extract, which demonstrates the presence of valuable secondary metabolites. Consequently, the aqueous extract is a promising natural alternative for the effective control of Vibrio infections and the treatment of parasitic leeches in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.P.); (T.M.)
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Level 3, Research Management & Innovation Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Thivyalaxmi Mahendran
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Elliecpearl Jasca Joning
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Wei Sheng Chong
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Olga Babich
- Research and Education Center “Industrial Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Research and Education Center “Industrial Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
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Lem FF, Yong YS, Goh S, Chin SN, Chee FT. Withanolides, the hidden gem in Physalis minima: A mini review on their anti-inflammatory, anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Food Chem 2022; 377:132002. [PMID: 35033733 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Southeast Asian rainforests, notably in East Malaysia, are home to a diverse range of medicinal plant species with limitless therapeutic potential. Physalis minima (family Solanaceae) is a native East Malaysia plant which is closely linked to P. angulata, are recognized for their various pharmacology properties are abundance in Withanolides, a C28-steroidal lactones based on an ergostane skeleton. This review focuses on the bioactive compounds of this herb, as it is frequently used to treat inflammation, neurodegenerative disease and cancer among East Malaysian ethnic groups. In this review, a total of 103 Withanolides were reported, with 59 of them being newly characterized. Previous scientific data revealed that Withanolides were intriguing principal compounds for inflammatory, neuroinflammatory and cancer treatment due to unique steroidal structure and strong bioactivities. Despite their excellent pharmacological characteristics, only a few Withanolides have been extensively studied, and the majority of them, particularly the newly discovered Withanolides, remained unknown for their therapeutic properties. This indicates that P. minima compounds are worth to be investigate for its pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fui Fui Lem
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 88586 Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Laboratory Center, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria 43900 Sepang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saintella Goh
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No 3, 90509 Sandakan Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Su Na Chin
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fong Tyng Chee
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No 3, 90509 Sandakan Sabah, Malaysia.
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Shah MD, Venmathi Maran BA, Shaleh SRM, Zuldin WH, Gnanaraj C, Yong YS. Therapeutic Potential and Nutraceutical Profiling of North Bornean Seaweeds: A Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:101. [PMID: 35200631 PMCID: PMC8879771 DOI: 10.3390/md20020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaysia has a long coastline surrounded by various islands, including North Borneo, that provide a suitable environment for the growth of diverse species of seaweeds. Some of the important North Bornean seaweed species are Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheuma denticulatum, Halymenia durvillaei (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa lentillifera, Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta), Dictyota dichotoma and Sargassum polycystum (Ochrophyta). This review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of North Bornean seaweeds and their nutraceutical profiling. North Bornean seaweeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, renal protective and hepatic protective potentials. The protective roles of the seaweeds might be due to the presence of a wide variety of nutraceuticals, including phthalic anhydride, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 2-pentylthiophene, furoic acid (K. alvarezii), eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, fucoxanthin, β-carotene (E. denticulatum), eucalyptol, oleic acid, dodecanal, pentadecane (H. durvillaei), canthaxanthin, oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, eicosane (C. lentillifera), pseudoephedrine, palmitic acid, monocaprin (C. racemosa), dictyohydroperoxide, squalene, fucosterol, saringosterol (D. dichotoma), and lutein, neophytadiene, cholest-4-en-3-one and cis-vaccenic acid (S. polycystum). Extensive studies on the seaweed isolates are highly recommended to understand their bioactivity and mechanisms of action, while highlighting their commercialization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (S.R.M.S.); (W.H.Z.)
| | - Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (S.R.M.S.); (W.H.Z.)
| | - Sitti Raehanah Muhamad Shaleh
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (S.R.M.S.); (W.H.Z.)
| | - Wahidatul Husna Zuldin
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (S.R.M.S.); (W.H.Z.)
| | - Charles Gnanaraj
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Laboratory Center, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Shah MD, Tani K, Yong YS, Ching FF, Shaleh SRM, Vairappan CS, Venmathi Maran BA. Antiparasitic Potential of Chromatographic Fractions of Nephrolepis biserrata and Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020499. [PMID: 33477743 PMCID: PMC7832296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine aquaculture development is recently impeded by parasitic leech Zeylanicobdellaarugamensis (Hirudinea, Piscicolidae) in Sabah, Malaysia. The parasitic leech infests a variety of cultured fishes in aquaculture facilities. In this study, we evaluated the antiparasitic activity of the chromatographic fractions of the medicinal plant Nephrolepis biserrata methanol extract against Z.arugamensis and highlighted the potential metabolites responsible for the antiparasitic properties through liquid chromatography (LC)–quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF)–mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Out of seven fractions obtained through flash column chromatography techniques, three fractions demonstrated antiparasitic properties. Significant parasitic mortality was indicated by fraction 3 at a concentration of 2.50 mg/mL, all the leeches were killed in a time limit of 1.92 ± 0.59 min. followed by fraction 4 (14 mg/mL) in 34.57 ± 3.39 and fraction 5 (15.3 mg/mL) in 36.82 ± 4.53 min. LC-QTOF-MS analysis indicated the presence of secondary metabolites including phytosphingosine (6), pyrethrosin (1), haplophytine (9), ivalin (2), warburganal (3), isodomedin (4) and pheophorbide a (16), representing sphingoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, phenolic and flavonoid groups. Thus, our study indicated that the chromatographic fractions of N. biserrata demonstrated significant antiparasitic activity against the marine parasitic leeches due to the presence of potent antiparasitic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (M.D.S.); (F.F.C.); (S.R.M.S.)
| | - Kazuki Tani
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (K.T.); (C.S.V.)
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Laboratory Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Fui Fui Ching
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (M.D.S.); (F.F.C.); (S.R.M.S.)
| | - Sitti Raehanah Muhamad Shaleh
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (M.D.S.); (F.F.C.); (S.R.M.S.)
| | - Charles S. Vairappan
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (K.T.); (C.S.V.)
| | - Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Jalan UMS 88450, Sabah, Malaysia; (M.D.S.); (F.F.C.); (S.R.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-16-209-6905
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Chan CJ, Yong YS, Song AAL, Abdul Rahim R, In LLA, Lim RLH. Lactococcus lactis harbouring Ara h 2.02 alleviates allergen-specific Th2-associated responses in sensitized mice. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:862-874. [PMID: 31758869 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the prophylactic effect of recombinant Lactococcus lactis (rLl) harbouring Ara h 2.02 peanut allergen, in sensitized and challenged mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Ara h 2.02 cDNA was cloned into pNZ8048 for heterologous expression in L. lactis. The purified recombinant allergen showed IgE binding comparable with native Ara h 2. Balb/c mice were fed with either recombinant (rLl), nonrecombinant L. lactis (Ll) or NaHCO3 (Sham) prior to sensitization and challenged with rAra h 2.02, whereas the baseline group was only fed with Ll. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin and splenocyte cytokines responses were determined for each mouse. Mice fed with either Ll or rLl showed significant alleviation of IgE and IgG1 compared to the Sham group. Despite no significant decrease in Th2 (IL-4, IL-13, IL-6) or increase in Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines, both groups showed lower IL-10 level, while the IL-4 : IFN-γ ratio was significantly lower for rLl compared to Ll group. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of rLl harbouring Ara h 2.02 demonstrated alleviation of Th2-associated responses in allergen-challenged mice and a possible added allergen-specific prophylactic effect. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Ara h 2.02 coupled with the intrinsic properties of probiotic L. lactis as a delivery vehicle can be explored for the development of a commercially scalable vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y S Yong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A L Song
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - L L A In
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R L H Lim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ling YS, Lim LR, Yong YS, Tamin O, Puah PY. MS-based metabolomics revealing Bornean Sinularia sp. extract dysregulated lipids triggering programmed cell death in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1796-1803. [PMID: 30587039 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1531288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Soft coral, Sinularia sp. had been proven to inherit promising anti-cancer properties against variety of cancer. Current study, Sinularia sp. extract was introduced to Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep 3B). Cell viability assay indicated the extract exhibit a dose and time dependent cytotoxicity. LC50 exhibited the lowest at 72 h post treatment estimated as 45.3 µg/mL. Morphological alterations including nuclear condensation, cytoplasm shrinkage and deformed cellular shape in treated Hep 3B were observable. Chemometric analysis revealed hydrophobic metabolites were significantly altered. Elevated vitamin D and derivatives tend to up-regulation Ca2+ and ROS subsequently triggering apoptosis. Dysregulated glycerolipids may suggest that they were biotransformed to compensate the needs of phospholipids during cell damage. Perturbation of sphingolipids, ceramide and carbohydrate-conjugated ceramides species increased the release of pro-apoptotic components reside within mitochondria and promote programmed cell death in treated Hep 3B. To conclude, MS-based metabolomics enabled the characterization of Sinularia sp. extract-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Soon Ling
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia.,Water Research Unit, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Leong Rui Lim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Oriana Tamin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Perng Yang Puah
- Faculty of Sciences and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
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