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Virdi C, Lu Z, Zreiqat H, No YJ. Theta-Gel-Reinforced Hydrogel Composites for Potential Tensile Load-Bearing Soft Tissue Repair Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:291. [PMID: 37367255 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering synthetic hydrogels for the repair and augmentation of load-bearing soft tissues with simultaneously high-water content and mechanical strength is a long-standing challenge. Prior formulations to enhance the strength have involved using chemical crosslinkers where residues remain a risk for implantation or complex processes such as freeze-casting and self-assembly, requiring specialised equipment and technical expertise to manufacture reliably. In this study, we report for the first time that the tensile strength of high-water content (>60 wt.%), biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels can exceed 1.0 MPa through a combination of facile manufacturing strategies via physical crosslinking, mechanical drawing, post-fabrication freeze drying, and deliberate hierarchical design. It is anticipated that the findings in this paper can also be used in conjunction with other strategies to enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogel platforms in the design and construction of synthetic grafts for load-bearing soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charenpreet Virdi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zufu Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Young Jung No
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia
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Roohani I, No YJ, Zuo B, Xiang SD, Lu Z, Liu H, Plebanski M, Zreiqat H. Low-Temperature Synthesis of Hollow β-Tricalcium Phosphate Particles for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1806-1815. [PMID: 35405073 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been extensively used in bone tissue engineering in the form of scaffolds, granules, or as reinforcing phase in organic matrices. Solid-state reaction route at high temperatures (>1000 °C) is the most widely used method for the preparation of β-TCP. The high-temperature synthesis, however, results in the formation of hard agglomerates and fused particles which necessitates postprocessing steps such as milling and sieving operations. This, inadvertently, could lead to introducing unwanted trace elements, promoting particle shape irregularity as well as compromising the biodegradability and bioactivity of β-TCP because of the solid microstructure of particles. In this study, we introduce a one-pot wet-chemical method at low temperatures (between 160 and 170 °C) to synthesize hollow β-TCP (hβ-TCP) submicron particles of an average size of 300 nm with a uniform rhombohedral shape. We assessed the cytocompatibility of the hβ-TCP using primary human osteoblasts (HOB), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We demonstrate the bioactivity of the hβ-TCP when cultured with HOB, ADSC, and APCs at a range of particle concentrations (up to 1000 μg/mL) for up to 7 days. hβ-TCP significantly enhances osteogenic differentiation of ADSC without the addition of osteogenic supplements. These findings offer a new type of β-TCP particles prepared at low temperatures, which present various opportunities for developing β-TCP based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Roohani
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Young Jung No
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Betty Zuo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sue D Xiang
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Zufu Lu
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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No YJ, Nguyen T, Lu Z, Mirkhalaf M, Fei F, Foley M, Zreiqat H. Development of a bioactive and radiopaque bismuth doped baghdadite ceramic for bone tissue engineering. Bone 2021; 153:116147. [PMID: 34389477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9, BAG), is a Zr-doped calcium silicate that has outstanding bioactivity both in vitro and in vivo. Bioceramic scaffolds should be sufficiently radiopaque to be distinguishable in vivo from surrounding bone structures. To enhance the radiopacity of BAG, this study investigated the effect of incorporating bismuth ions into its crystalline structure (BixCa3-xZrSi2O9, x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5; BAG, Bi0.1-BAG, Bi0.2-BAG, Bi0.5-BAG, respectively). Monophasic baghdadite was retained after bismuth ion incorporation up to x = 0.2 at calcination temperatures of 1350 °C. When pressed and sintered, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy showed that BAG and Bi0.1-BAG retained crystalline homogeneity, but Bi0.2-BAG formed zirconium-rich crystalline regions. BAG, Bi0.1-BAG and Bi0.2-BAG exhibited non-degradation after 56 days of immersion in culture medium. Bi0.1-BAG exhibited the lowest change in culture medium pH (+0.0), compared to BAG (+0.7) and Bi0.2-BAG (+0.2) after 56 days of culture media immersion. Bi0.1-BAG exhibited similar strength and modulus to BAG (σ: 200-290 MPa; E: 4-5 GPa), and significantly higher compressive strength and modulus versus Bi0.2-BAG (σ: 150-200 MPa; E: 3.5-4 GPa) across 56 days of aqueous immersion. In vitro studies using primary human bone derived cells (HOBs) demonstrated a significant increase in HOBs proliferation when cultured on Bi0.1-BAG for seven days compared to BAG and Bi0.2-BAG. Importantly, Bi0.1-BAG showed increased radiopacity by ~33%, when compared to BAG, and by ~115% when compared to biphasic calcium phosphate. The properties of Bi0.1-BAG show promise for its use as a bioactive ceramic with sufficient radiopacity for treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zufu Lu
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Frank Fei
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew Foley
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Lu Z, Zhang W, No YJ, Lu Y, Mirkhalaf Valashani SM, Rollet P, Jiang L, Ramaswamy Y, Dunstan CR, Jiang X, Zreiqat H. Baghdadite Ceramics Prevent Senescence in Human Osteoblasts and Promote Bone Regeneration in Aged Rats. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6874-6885. [PMID: 33320606 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone fractures and critical-sized bone defects present significant health threats for the elderly who have limited capacity for regeneration due to the presence of functionally compromised senescent cells. A wide range of synthetic materials has been developed to promote the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects, but it is largely unknown if a synthetic biomaterial (scaffold) can modulate cellular senescence and improve bone regeneration in aged scenarios. The current study investigates the interaction of Baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9) ceramic scaffolds with senescent human primary osteoblast-like cells (HOBs) and its bone regeneration capacity in aged rats. A senescent HOB model was established by repeatedly passaging HOBs till passage 7 (P7). Compared to the clinically used hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP), Baghdadite prevented senescence induction in P7 HOBs and markedly negated the paracrine effect of P7 HOB secretomes that mediated the up-regulations of cellular senescence-associated gene expression levels in P2 HOBs. We further demonstrated that conditioned media extracted from Baghdadite corrected the dysfunctional mitochondria in P7 HOBs. In vivo, the bone regeneration capacity was enhanced when 3D printed Baghdadite scaffolds were implanted in a calvaria critical-sized bone defect model in both young and aged rats compared to HA/TCP scaffolds, but a better effect was observed in aged rats than in young rats. This study suggests that Baghdadite ceramic represents a novel and promising biomaterial approach to promote bone regeneration capacity in the elderly by providing an anti-senescent microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZuFu Lu
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - WenJie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.,Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Young Jung No
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuezhi Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.,Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mirkhalaf Valashani
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Rollet
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.,Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Colin R Dunstan
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - XinQuan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.,Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Ramaswamy Y, Roohani I, No YJ, Madafiglio G, Chang F, Zhang F, Lu Z, Zreiqat H. Nature-inspired topographies on hydroxyapatite surfaces regulate stem cells behaviour. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1107-1117. [PMID: 33102949 PMCID: PMC7569262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface topography is one of the key factors in regulating interactions between materials and cells. While topographies presented to cells in vivo are non-symmetrical and in complex shapes, current fabrication techniques are limited to replicate these complex geometries. In this study, we developed a microcasting technique and successfully produced imprinted hydroxyapatite (HAp) surfaces with nature-inspired (honeycomb, pillars, and isolated islands) topographies. The in vitro biological performance of the developed non-symmetrical topographies was evaluated using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). We demonstrated that ADSCs cultured on all HAp surfaces, except honeycomb patterns, presented well-defined stress fibers and expressed focal adhesion protein (paxillin) molecules. Isolated islands topographies significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and upregulation of key osteogenic markers, compared to the other topographies and the control unmodified (flat) HAp surface. In contrast, honeycomb topographies hampered the ability of the ADSCs to proliferate and differentiate to the osteogenic lineage. This work presents a facile technique to imprint nature-derived topographies on the surface of bioceramics which opens up opportunities for the development of bioresponsive interfaces in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Iman Roohani
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Genevieve Madafiglio
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Frank Chang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Furong Zhang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zufu Lu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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No YJ, Castilho M, Ramaswamy Y, Zreiqat H. Role of Biomaterials and Controlled Architecture on Tendon/Ligament Repair and Regeneration. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1904511. [PMID: 31814177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineering synthetic scaffolds to repair and regenerate ruptured native tendon and ligament (T/L) tissues is a significant engineering challenge due to the need to satisfy both the unique biological and biomechanical properties of these tissues. Long-term clinical outcomes of synthetic scaffolds relying solely on high uniaxial tensile strength are poor with high rates of implant rupture and synovitis. Ideal biomaterials for T/L repair and regeneration need to possess the appropriate biological and biomechanical properties necessary for the successful repair and regeneration of ruptured tendon and ligament tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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No YJ, Tarafder S, Reischl B, Ramaswamy Y, Dunstan C, Friedrich O, Lee CH, Zreiqat H. High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Composite Hydrogel Scaffolds as Biosynthetic Tendon Graft Material. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1887-1898. [PMID: 33455306 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of suitable synthetic scaffolds for use as human tendon grafts to repair tendon ruptures remains a significant engineering challenge. Previous synthetic tendon grafts have demonstrated suboptimal tissue ingrowth and synovitis due to wear particles from fiber-to-fiber abrasion. In this study, we present a novel fiber-reinforced hydrogel (FRH) that mimics the hierarchical structure of the native human tendon for synthetic tendon graft material. Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were impregnated with either biosynthetic polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin hydrogel (FRH-PG) or with polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin + strontium-hardystonite (Sr-Ca2ZnSi2O7, Sr-HT) composite hydrogel (FRH-PGS). The scaffolds were fabricated and assessed to evaluate their suitability for tendon graft applications. The microstructure of both FRH-PG and FRH-PGS showed successful impregnation of the hydrogel component, and the tendon scaffolds exhibited equilibrium water content of ∼70 wt %, similar to the values reported for native human tendon, compared to ∼50 wt % water content retained in unmodified UHMWPE fibers. The tensile strength of FRH-PG and FRH-PGS (77.0-81.8 MPa) matched the range of human Achilles' tendon tensile strengths reported in the literature. In vitro culture of rat tendon stem cells showed cell and tissue infiltration into both FRH-PG and FRH-PGS after 2 weeks, and the presence of Sr-HT ceramic particles influenced the expression of tenogenic markers. On the other hand, FRH-PG supported the proliferation of murine C2C12 myoblasts, whereas FRH-PGS seemingly did not support it under static culture conditions. In vivo implantation of FRH-PG and FRH-PGS scaffolds into full-thickness rat patellar tendon defects showed good collagenous tissue ingrowth into these scaffolds after 6 weeks. This study demonstrates the potential viability for our FRH-PG and FRH-PGS scaffolds to be used for off-the-shelf biosynthetic tendon graft material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Solaiman Tarafder
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Columbia University, New York 10032, New York, United States
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Colin Dunstan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Chang Hun Lee
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Columbia University, New York 10032, New York, United States
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney 2006, Australia
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No YJ, Xin X, Ramaswamy Y, Li Y, Roohaniesfahani S, Mustaffa S, Shi J, Jiang X, Zreiqat H. Novel injectable strontium-hardystonite phosphate cement for cancellous bone filling applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 97:103-115. [PMID: 30678894 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Injectable bone cement (IBC) such as those based on methacrylates and hydraulic calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate-based cements have been used extensively for filling bone defects with acceptable clinical outcomes. There is a need however for novel IBC materials that can address some of the inherent limitations of currently available formulations to widen the clinical application of IBC. In this study, we characterized a novel hydraulic IBC formulation consisting of bioactive strontium-doped hardystonite (Sr-HT) ceramic microparticles and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, herein named Sr-HT phosphate cement (SPC). The resultant cement is comprised of two distinct amorphous phases with embedded partially reacted crystalline reactants. The novel SPC formulation possesses a unique combination of physicochemical properties suitable for use as an IBC, and demonstrates in vitro cytocompatibility when seeded with primary human osteoblasts. In vivo injection of SPC into rabbit sinus defects show minor new bone formation at the SPC periphery, similar to those exhibited in sinus defects filled with a clinically available calcium phosphate cement. The current SPC formulation presented in this paper shows promise as a clinically applicable IBC which can be further enhanced with additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianzhen Xin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Seyediman Roohaniesfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Siti Mustaffa
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Roohaniesfahani I, Wang J, No YJ, de Candia C, Miao X, Lu Z, Shi J, Kaplan DL, Jiang X, Zreiqat H. Modulatory effect of simultaneously released magnesium, strontium, and silicon ions on injectable silk hydrogels for bone regeneration. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 94:976-987. [PMID: 30423786 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Injectable silk hydrogels are ideal carriers of therapeutic agents due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Injectable silk hydrogels for bone regeneration have been previously developed but often utilize expensive biologics. In this study, we have developed an injectable silk composite incorporated with a triphasic ceramic called MSM-10 (54 Mg2SiO4, 36 Si3Sr5 and 10 MgO (wt%)) capable of simultaneously releasing magnesium, silicon, and strontium ions into its environment. These ions have been previously reported to possess therapeutic effects for bone regeneration. MSM-10 particles were incorporated into the silk hydrogels at various weight percentages [0.1 (SMH-0.1), 0.6 (SMH-0.6), 1 (SMH-1) and 2 (SMH-2)]. The effects of the released ions on the physicochemical and biological properties of the silk hydrogel were comprehensively evaluated. Increased MSM-10 loading was found to hinder the gelation kinetics of the silk hydrogel through the reduction of beta-sheet phase formation, which in turn affected the required sonication time for gelation, compressive strength, force of injection, microstructure and in vitro degradation rate. Primary human osteoblasts seeded on SMH-0.6 demonstrated increased proliferation and early alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as enhanced osteogenic gene expression compared to pure silk hydrogel and SMH-0.1. In vivo results in subcutaneous mouse models showed both decreased fibrous capsule formation and increased number of new blood vessels around the injected SMH-0.1 and SMH-0.6 implants compared to pure silk hydrogels. The results in this study indicate that the ions released from MSM-10 is able to influence the physicochemical and biological properties of silk hydrogels, and SMH-0.6 in particular shows promising properties for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Roohaniesfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christian de Candia
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xinchao Miao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zufu Lu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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No YJ, Roohaniesfahani S, Lu Z, Shi J, Zreiqat H. Strontium-doped calcium silicate bioceramic with enhanced in vitro osteogenic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:035003. [PMID: 28348275 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa6987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gehlenite (GLN, Ca2SiAl2O7) is a bioceramic that has been recently shown to possess excellent mechanical strength and in vitro osteogenic properties for bone regeneration. Substitutional incorporation of strontium in place of calcium is an effective way to further enhance biological properties of calcium-based bioceramics and glasses. However, such strategy has the potential to affect other important physicochemical parameters such as strength and degradation due to differences in the ionic radius of strontium and calcium. This study is the first to investigate the effect of a range of concentrations of strontium substitution of calcium at 1, 2, 5, 10 mol% (S1-GLN, S2-GLN, S5-GLN and S10-GLN) on the physicochemical and biological properties of GLN. We showed that up to 2 mol% strontium ion substitution retains the monophasic GLN structure when sintered at 1450 °C, whereas higher concentrations resulted in presence of calcium silicate impurities. Increased strontium incorporation resulted in changes in grain morphology and reduced densification when the ceramics were sintered at 1450 °C. Porous GLN, S1-GLN and S2-GLN scaffolds (∼80% porosity) showed compressive strengths of 2.05 ± 0.46 MPa, 1.76 ± 0.79 MPa and 1.57 ± 0.52 MPa respectively. S1-GLN and S2-GLN immersed in simulated body fluid showed increased strontium ion release but reduced calcium and silicon ion release compared to GLN without affecting overall weight loss and pH over a 21 d period. The bioactivity of the S2-GLN ceramics was significantly improved as reflected in the significant upregulation of HOB proliferation and differentiation compared to GLN. Overall, these results suggest that increased incorporation of strontium presents a trade-off between bioactivity and mechanical strength for GLN bioceramics. This is an important consideration in the development of strontium-doped bioceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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No YJ, Li JJ, Zreiqat H. Doped Calcium Silicate Ceramics: A New Class of Candidates for Synthetic Bone Substitutes. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E153. [PMID: 28772513 PMCID: PMC5459133 DOI: 10.3390/ma10020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Doped calcium silicate ceramics (DCSCs) have recently gained immense interest as a new class of candidates for the treatment of bone defects. Although calcium phosphates and bioactive glasses have remained the mainstream of ceramic bone substitutes, their clinical use is limited by suboptimal mechanical properties. DCSCs are a class of calcium silicate ceramics which are developed through the ionic substitution of calcium ions, the incorporation of metal oxides into the base binary xCaO-ySiO₂ system, or a combination of both. Due to their unique compositions and ability to release bioactive ions, DCSCs exhibit enhanced mechanical and biological properties. Such characteristics offer significant advantages over existing ceramic bone substitutes, and underline the future potential of adopting DCSCs for clinical use in bone reconstruction to produce improved outcomes. This review will discuss the effects of different dopant elements and oxides on the characteristics of DCSCs for applications in bone repair, including mechanical properties, degradation and ion release characteristics, radiopacity, and biological activity (in vitro and in vivo). Recent advances in the development of DCSCs for broader clinical applications will also be discussed, including DCSC composites, coated DCSC scaffolds and DCSC-coated metal implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
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12
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Roohani-Esfahani SI, No YJ, Lu Z, Ng PY, Chen Y, Shi J, Pavlos NJ, Zreiqat H. A bioceramic with enhanced osteogenic properties to regulate the function of osteoblastic and osteocalastic cells for bone tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:035018. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/3/035018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Injectable bone cements (IBCs) are biocompatible materials that can be used as bone defect fillers in maxillofacial surgeries and in orthopedic fracture treatment in order to augment weakened bone due to osteoporosis. Current clinically available IBCs, such as polymethylmethacrylate and calcium phosphate cement, have certain advantages; however, they possess several drawbacks that prevent them from gaining universal acceptance. New gel-based injectable materials have also been developed, but these are too mechanically weak for load-bearing applications. Recent research has focused on improving various injectable materials using nanomaterials in order to render them suitable for bone tissue regeneration. This article outlines the requirements of IBCs, the advantages and limitations of currently available IBCs and the state-of-the-art developments that have demonstrated the effects of nanomaterials within injectable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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No YJ, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Lu Z, Schaer T, Zreiqat H. Injectable radiopaque and bioactive polycaprolactone-ceramic composites for orthopedic augmentation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:1465-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit; School of AMME, University of Sydney; 2006 Australia
| | | | - Zufu Lu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit; School of AMME, University of Sydney; 2006 Australia
| | - Thomas Schaer
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory; Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Centre, University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square Pennsylvania
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit; School of AMME, University of Sydney; 2006 Australia
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