1
|
Traore B, Seogo PH, Kone Y, Ballayira Y, Drabo M, Toloba Y, Kabore J, Yanogo PK. [Factors associated with the death of tuberculosis patients treated in Bamako, Mali, 2017 - 2018]. Mali Med 2022; 37:7-14. [PMID: 38514971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
GOALS We studied the socio-demographic and paraclinicalcharacteristics of tuberculosis patients to identify the factors associated with their deaths in Bamako. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was carried out on tuberculosis patients registered in Bamako from October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018. Quantitative variables were presented by their mean, qualitative ones by their proportions. Analysis was performed with R version 3.5.0. RESULTS Out of 2396 patients enrolled, 25 to 45-year olds represented 50.3% and children 4.51%; the average age 37.3 years; the sex ratio M/F 1.94 and co-infected TB/HIV 8.64%. 25 to 45 year olds (HR=2.58; 95% CI [1.35-4.92]; p=0,0042) and those ≥ 46 years (HR=4.64; 95% CI [2.39-9.01] ; p=5.69e-06) and positive HIV status (HR= 5.87 ; 95% CI [2.24-15.41] ; p= 0.0003) were associated with an increased risk of patient death. CONCLUSION Tuberculosis affects young and old males. The risks of death identified were the patient's age and positive HIV status. We recommend specific monitoring of patients aged 25 to 45 and 46 and over and those with positive HIV status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boubakar Traore
- Burkina Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ouagadougou
- Ministère de la Santé et du Développement Social, Mali
| | | | - Y Kone
- Ministère de la Santé et du Développement Social, Mali
| | - Y Ballayira
- Ministère de la Santé et du Développement Social, Mali
| | - M Drabo
- Ministère de la Santé et du Développement Social, Mali
| | - Y Toloba
- Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, Mali
| | - J Kabore
- Burkina Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ouagadougou
- Ministère de la Santé, Burkina Faso
| | - P K Yanogo
- Burkina Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ouagadougou
- Ministère de la Santé, Burkina Faso
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Portugal S, Tran TM, Ongoiba A, Bathily A, Li S, Doumbo S, Skinner J, Doumtabe D, Kone Y, Sangala J, Jain A, Davies DH, Hung C, Liang L, Ricklefs S, Homann MV, Felgner PL, Porcella SF, Färnert A, Doumbo OK, Kayentao K, Greenwood BM, Traore B, Crompton PD. Treatment of Chronic Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infection Does Not Increase the Risk of Clinical Malaria Upon Reinfection. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64:645-653. [PMID: 28362910 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections are common in endemic areas and are thought to contribute to the maintenance of malaria immunity. Whether treatment of these infections increases the subsequent risk of clinical episodes of malaria is unclear. Methods In a 3-year study in Mali, asymptomatic individuals with or without P. falciparum infection at the end of the 6-month dry season were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and clinical malaria risk was compared during the ensuing 6-month malaria transmission season. At the end of the second dry season, 3 groups of asymptomatic children were identified: (1) children infected with P. falciparum as detected by rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) who were treated with antimalarials (n = 104), (2) RDT-negative children whose untreated P. falciparum infections were detected retrospectively by PCR (n = 55), and (3) uninfected children (RDT/PCR negative) (n = 434). Clinical malaria risk during 2 subsequent malaria seasons was compared. Plasmodium falciparum-specific antibody kinetics during the dry season were compared in children who did or did not harbor asymptomatic P. falciparum infections. Results Chronic asymptomatic P. falciparum infection predicted decreased clinical malaria risk during the subsequent malaria season(s); treatment of these infections did not alter this reduced risk. Plasmodium falciparum-specific antibodies declined similarly in children who did or did not harbor chronic asymptomatic P. falciparum infection during the dry season. Conclusions These findings challenge the notion that chronic asymptomatic P. falciparum infection maintains malaria immunity and suggest that mass drug administration during the dry season should not increase the subsequent risk of clinical malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Tuan M Tran
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indianapolis University School of Medicine, Indiana
| | - Aissata Ongoiba
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Aboudramane Bathily
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Shanping Li
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Safiatou Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Didier Doumtabe
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Younoussou Kone
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Jules Sangala
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Aarti Jain
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Li Liang
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stacy Ricklefs
- Rocky Mountain Laboratory Research Technologies Section, Genomics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Manijeh Vafa Homann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Stephen F Porcella
- Rocky Mountain Laboratory Research Technologies Section, Genomics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Anna Färnert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Brian M Greenwood
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Mali
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kide NG, Dunz A, Agnèse JF, Dilyte J, Pariselle A, Carneiro C, Correia E, Brito JC, Yarba LO, Kone Y, Durand JD. Cichlids of the Banc d'Arguin National Park, Mauritania: insight into the diversity of the genus Coptodon. J Fish Biol 2016; 88:1369-1393. [PMID: 26856797 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine the species diversity of cichlids in the Banc d'Arguin National Park (PNBA) and their phylogenetic relationships with other species in West Africa, a morphometric and meristic and molecular phylogenetic study was conducted. Both approaches not only confirm the presence of Sarotherodon melanotheron in PNBA but also demonstrate the presence of a second species from the genus Coptodon. While morphometric characteristics match the description of the Guinean tilapia Coptodon guineensis, phylogenetic reconstructions based on three mitochondrial and one nuclear DNA fragment demonstrate that C. guineensis is paraphyletic over its range. Because different lineages of C. guineensis are allopatric, the distribution of C. guineensis should be restricted to Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. The many other lineages of this species should be considered as C. sp. aff. guineensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N G Kide
- Université Abdel Maleck Essaâdi - Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, Laboratoire Biologie Appliqué et Pathologie, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - A Dunz
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Department of Ichthyology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany
| | - J-F Agnèse
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Montpellier, UMR 226, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 65, F-34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - J Dilyte
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - A Pariselle
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Montpellier, UMR 226, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 65, F-34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- IRD, ISE-M, BP 1857, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - C Carneiro
- Observatoire du Parc National du Banc d'Arguin, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - E Correia
- Observatoire du Parc National du Banc d'Arguin, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - J C Brito
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - L O Yarba
- Observatoire du Parc National du Banc d'Arguin, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Y Kone
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Nouakchott, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - J-D Durand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Montpellier, UMR MARBEC, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 93, F-34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu E, -Yu Huang AQ, Skinner J, Jain A, Ongoiba A, Li S, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Kone Y, Bathily A, Sangala J, Doumbo OK, Kayentao K, Traore B, Felgner P, Crompton PD. Investigating the Longevity of Plasmodium falciparum-Specific Immunoglobulin G Responses in Absence of Infection: A Longitudinal Study in Mali. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv131.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
5
|
Portugal S, Tipton CM, Sohn H, Kone Y, Wang J, Li S, Skinner J, Virtaneva K, Sturdevant DE, Porcella SF, Doumbo OK, Doumbo S, Kayentao K, Ongoiba A, Traore B, Sanz I, Pierce SK, Crompton PD. Malaria-associated atypical memory B cells exhibit markedly reduced B cell receptor signaling and effector function. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25955968 PMCID: PMC4444601 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria are only acquired after years of repeated infections. Chronic malaria exposure is associated with a large increase in atypical memory B cells (MBCs) that resemble B cells expanded in a variety of persistent viral infections. Understanding the function of atypical MBCs and their relationship to classical MBCs will be critical to developing effective vaccines for malaria and other chronic infections. We show that VH gene repertoires and somatic hypermutation rates of atypical and classical MBCs are indistinguishable indicating a common developmental history. Atypical MBCs express an array of inhibitory receptors and B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is stunted in atypical MBCs resulting in impaired B cell responses including proliferation, cytokine production and antibody secretion. Thus, in response to chronic malaria exposure, atypical MBCs appear to differentiate from classical MBCs becoming refractory to BCR-mediated activation and potentially interfering with the acquisition of malaria immunity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07218.001 The human immune system works to protect individuals from harmful microbes, such as the parasites that cause malaria. One line of defense is to produce a large array of proteins called antibodies that specifically bind to microbes to mark them for destruction by the immune system. The immune system also produces long-lived memory B cells that are able to mount a quicker and more effective antibody response if the microbe enters the body again. This means that most people only become ill with a particular disease the first time they encounter the microbe that causes it. However, malaria is unusual in that it can take many years of exposure to the parasite that causes it before an individual produces enough antibodies and memory B cells to be protected from the disease. There is also no vaccine that provides effective and long-lasting protection against malaria. Vaccinations rely on stimulating the body's natural defenses, and so understanding more about antibodies and memory B cells in relation to malaria may aid future efforts to develop a vaccine. Researchers have discovered that many of the memory B cells that accumulate in people who have been exposed to the malaria parasite over long-periods of time are different from the normal memory B cells. But it was not clear what role these ‘atypical’ cells play in immunity to malaria. To address this question, Portugal et al. studied the genetics and activity of B cells collected from children and adults living in Mali who—by living in a region where malaria is common—had been repeatedly exposed to the parasite. The experiments indicate that atypical and normal memory B cells both develop from the same precursor cells. However, the genes that are active in each cell type are different, resulting in the atypical cells being less able to respond to the parasite than the normal memory B cells. Portugal et al.'s findings suggest that the atypical cells develop from normal memory B cells during long-term exposure to malaria, which may delay the development of immunity to this disease. Future challenges include understanding what drives the formation of the atypical memory B cells in malaria, and finding out why they are less active than the normal cells. This could aid the development of vaccines and/or therapies that restore their activity in patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07218.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Haewon Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Younoussou Kone
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Shanping Li
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Kimmo Virtaneva
- Rocky Mountain Laboratory Research Technologies Section, Genomics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, United States
| | - Daniel E Sturdevant
- Rocky Mountain Laboratory Research Technologies Section, Genomics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, United States
| | - Stephen F Porcella
- Rocky Mountain Laboratory Research Technologies Section, Genomics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, United States
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Safiatou Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Aissata Ongoiba
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Inaki Sanz
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Susan K Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tran TM, Ongoiba A, Jones M, Skinner J, Li S, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Kone Y, Bathily A, Sangala J, Doumbo OK, Venepally P, Kayentao K, Traore B, Kirkness EF, Crompton PD. 128A whole-blood transcriptional signature predicts parasite control and protection from malaria fever during natural Plasmodium falciparum infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014. [PMCID: PMC5781742 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu051.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan M. Tran
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Aissata Ongoiba
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, Bamako, Mali
| | - Marcus Jones
- Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Shanping Li
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Safiatou Doumbo
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Doumtabe
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, Bamako, Mali
| | - Younoussou Kone
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Jules Sangala
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Pratap Venepally
- Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, Bamako, Mali
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ewen F. Kirkness
- Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Peter D. Crompton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Doumbo S, Tran TM, Sangala J, Li S, Doumtabe D, Kone Y, Traoré A, Bathily A, Sogoba N, Coulibaly ME, Huang CY, Ongoiba A, Kayentao K, Diallo M, Dramane Z, Nutman TB, Crompton PD, Doumbo O, Traore B. Co-infection of long-term carriers of Plasmodium falciparum with Schistosoma haematobium enhances protection from febrile malaria: a prospective cohort study in Mali. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3154. [PMID: 25210876 PMCID: PMC4161351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria and schistosomiasis often overlap in tropical and subtropical countries and impose tremendous disease burdens; however, the extent to which schistosomiasis modifies the risk of febrile malaria remains unclear. Methods We evaluated the effect of baseline S. haematobium mono-infection, baseline P. falciparum mono-infection, and co-infection with both parasites on the risk of febrile malaria in a prospective cohort study of 616 children and adults living in Kalifabougou, Mali. Individuals with S. haematobium were treated with praziquantel within 6 weeks of enrollment. Malaria episodes were detected by weekly physical examination and self-referral for 7 months. The primary outcome was time to first or only malaria episode defined as fever (≥37.5°C) and parasitemia (≥2500 asexual parasites/µl). Secondary definitions of malaria using different parasite densities were also explored. Results After adjusting for age, anemia status, sickle cell trait, distance from home to river, residence within a cluster of high S. haematobium transmission, and housing type, baseline P. falciparum mono-infection (n = 254) and co-infection (n = 39) were significantly associated with protection from febrile malaria by Cox regression (hazard ratios 0.71 and 0.44; P = 0.01 and 0.02; reference group: uninfected at baseline). Baseline S. haematobium mono-infection (n = 23) did not associate with malaria protection in the adjusted analysis, but this may be due to lack of statistical power. Anemia significantly interacted with co-infection (P = 0.009), and the malaria-protective effect of co-infection was strongest in non-anemic individuals. Co-infection was an independent negative predictor of lower parasite density at the first febrile malaria episode. Conclusions Co-infection with S. haematobium and P. falciparum is significantly associated with reduced risk of febrile malaria in long-term asymptomatic carriers of P. falciparum. Future studies are needed to determine whether co-infection induces immunomodulatory mechanisms that protect against febrile malaria or whether genetic, behavioral, or environmental factors not accounted for here explain these findings. The parasitic diseases malaria and schistosomiasis are tremendous public health burdens, each affecting over 200 million people worldwide with substantial geographic overlap in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding how schistosomiasis influences the human immune response to Plasmodium, the agent of malaria, can be important for developing effective malaria vaccines. Past studies have tried to determine if infection with Schistosoma haematobium, which causes urinary schistosomiasis, affects the number of febrile attacks from malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in communities where the diseases overlap, but the findings have been inconsistent. Here, we examined 616 healthy people from a village in Mali for symptomless infections with S. haematobium and treated those with infections. We then followed them over a single malaria-transmission season of 7 months during which we diagnosed and treated all febrile malaria attacks. After the season, we examined archived blood collected at enrollment to look for occult P. falciparum infection. The study revealed that people who were infected with both parasites at the beginning of the season were better protected from the malaria attacks than those who were uninfected or infected with either parasite alone. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine the biological basis for this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safiatou Doumbo
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- * E-mail: (SD); (TMT)
| | - Tuan M. Tran
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SD); (TMT)
| | - Jules Sangala
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Shanping Li
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Didier Doumtabe
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Younoussou Kone
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdrahamane Traoré
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Aboudramane Bathily
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Nafomon Sogoba
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Michel E. Coulibaly
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Chiung-Yu Huang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aissata Ongoiba
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mouctar Diallo
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Zongo Dramane
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Thomas B. Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Crompton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ogobara Doumbo
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tran TM, Ongoiba A, Coursen J, Crosnier C, Diouf A, Huang CY, Li S, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Kone Y, Bathily A, Dia S, Niangaly M, Dara C, Sangala J, Miller LH, Doumbo OK, Kayentao K, Long CA, Miura K, Wright GJ, Traore B, Crompton PD. Naturally acquired antibodies specific for Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homologue 5 inhibit parasite growth and predict protection from malaria. J Infect Dis 2013; 209:789-98. [PMID: 24133188 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homologue 5 (PfRH5) is a blood-stage parasite protein essential for host erythrocyte invasion. PfRH5-specific antibodies raised in animals inhibit parasite growth in vitro, but the relevance of naturally acquired PfRH5-specific antibodies in humans is unclear. METHODS We assessed pre-malaria season PfRH5-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in 357 Malian children and adults who were uninfected with Plasmodium. Subsequent P. falciparum infections were detected by polymerase chain reaction every 2 weeks and malaria episodes by weekly physical examination and self-referral for 7 months. The primary outcome was time between the first P. falciparum infection and the first febrile malaria episode. PfRH5-specific IgG was assayed for parasite growth-inhibitory activity. RESULTS The presence of PfRH5-specific IgG at enrollment was associated with a longer time between the first blood-stage infection and the first malaria episode (PfRH5-seropositive median: 71 days, PfRH5-seronegative median: 18 days; P = .001). This association remained significant after adjustment for age and other factors associated with malaria risk/exposure (hazard ratio, .62; P = .02). Concentrated PfRH5-specific IgG purified from Malians inhibited P. falciparum growth in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Naturally acquired PfRH5-specific IgG inhibits parasite growth in vitro and predicts protection from malaria. These findings strongly support efforts to develop PfRH5 as an urgently needed blood-stage malaria vaccine. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01322581.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan M Tran
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tran TM, Li S, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Huang CY, Dia S, Bathily A, Sangala J, Kone Y, Traore A, Niangaly M, Dara C, Kayentao K, Ongoiba A, Doumbo OK, Traore B, Crompton PD. An intensive longitudinal cohort study of Malian children and adults reveals no evidence of acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum infection. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:40-7. [PMID: 23487390 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In experimental models of human and mouse malaria, sterilizing liver stage immunity that blocks progression of Plasmodium infection to the symptomatic blood stage can be readily demonstrated. However, it remains unclear whether individuals in malaria-endemic areas acquire such immunity. METHODS In Mali, 251 healthy children and adults aged 4-25 years who were free of blood-stage Plasmodium infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were enrolled in a longitudinal study just prior to an intense 6-month malaria season. Subsequent clinical malaria episodes were detected by weekly active surveillance and self-referral. Asymptomatic P. falciparum infections were detected by blood-smear microscopy and PCR analysis of dried blood spots that had been collected every 2 weeks for 7 months. RESULTS As expected, the risk of clinical malaria decreased with increasing age (log-rank test, P = .0038). However, analysis of PCR data showed no age-related differences in P. falciparum infection risk (log-rank test, P = .37). CONCLUSIONS Despite years of exposure to intense P. falciparum transmission, there is no evidence of acquired, sterile immunity to P. falciparum infection in this population, even as clinical immunity to blood-stage malaria is clearly acquired. Understanding why repeated P. falciparum infections do not induce sterile protection may lead to insights for developing vaccines that target the liver stage in malaria-endemic populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan M Tran
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tounkara K, Traore A, Aboubacar B, Koita O, Traore B, Diallo FS, Bougoudogo F, Kone Y, Gomez-Mira C, Toffoli J, Levitz L, Rochas M, De Groot AS. Pediatric HIV infection due to maternal transmission: a solvable problem in a peri-urban setting in Bamako, Mali. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441379 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
11
|
De Groot AS, Sangare K, Koita O, Ardito M, Boyle C, Levitz L, Rozenhal J, Tounkara K, Dao S, Kone Y, Koty Z, Moise L, Martin W. Conservation of HIV-1 T cell epitopes across time and clades: validation of immunogenic HLA-A2 epitopes selected for the GAIA HIV vaccine. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441845 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
12
|
Kayentao K, Maiga H, Newman RD, McMorrow ML, Hoppe A, Yattara O, Traore H, Kone Y, Guirou EA, Saye R, Traore B, Djimde A, Doumbo OK. Artemisinin-based combinations versus amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Faladje, Mali. Malar J 2009; 8:5. [PMID: 19128455 PMCID: PMC2631542 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the emergence of chloroquine resistance in Mali, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or artesunate-amodiaquine (AS+AQ) are recommended as first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria, but have not been available in Mali until recently because of high costs. METHODS From July 2005 to January 2006, a randomized open-label trial of three oral antimalarial combinations, namely AS+AQ, artesunate plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP), and amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ+SP), was conducted in Faladje, Mali. Parasite genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to distinguish new from recrudescent Plasmodium falciparum infections. RESULTS 397 children 6 to 59 months of age with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were enrolled, and followed for 28 days to assess treatment efficacy. Baseline characteristics were similar in all three treatment groups. The uncorrected rates of adequate clinical and parasitologic response (ACPR) were 55.7%, 90.8%, and 97.7% in AS+AQ, AS+SP, and AQ+SP respectively (p < 0.001); after PCR correction ACPR rates were similar among treatment groups: 95.4%, 96.9%, and 99.2% respectively (p = 0.17). Mean haemoglobin concentration increased across all treatment groups from Day 0 (9.82 +/- 1.68 g/dL) to Day 28 (10.78 +/- 1.49 g/dL) (p < 0.001), with the greatest improvement occurring in children treated with AQ+SP. On Day 2, the prevalence of parasitaemia was significantly greater among children treated with AQ+SP (50.8%) than in children treated with AS+AQ (10.5%) or AS+SP (10.8%) (p < 0.001). No significant difference in gametocyte carriage was found between groups during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION The combination of AQ+SP provides a potentially low cost alternative for treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum infection in Mali and appears to have the added value of longer protective effect against new infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassoum Kayentao
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitologic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Crompton PD, Traore B, Kayentao K, Doumbo S, Ongoiba A, Diakite SAS, Krause MA, Doumtabe D, Kone Y, Weiss G, Huang CY, Doumbia S, Guindo A, Fairhurst RM, Miller LH, Pierce SK, Doumbo OK. Sickle cell trait is associated with a delayed onset of malaria: implications for time-to-event analysis in clinical studies of malaria. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:1265-75. [PMID: 18752444 DOI: 10.1086/592224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended that the time to first malaria episode serve as the primary end point in phase III malaria vaccine trials--the first of which will be held in Africa. Although common red blood cell (RBC) polymorphisms such as sickle hemoglobin (HbS) are known to protect against malaria in Africa, their impact on this end point has not been investigated. METHODS A longitudinal study of 225 individuals aged 2-25 years was conducted in Mali. The association between common RBC polymorphisms and the time to first malaria episode was evaluated. RESULTS Among children aged 2-10 years, sickle cell trait (HbAS) was associated with a 34-day delay in the median time to first malaria episode (P= .017) Cox regression analysis showed that greater age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87 [95% CI, 0.80-0.94]; (P= .001), HbAS (HR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.26-0.91]; (P= .024), and asymptomatic parasitemia at enrollment (HR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.14-0.85]; (P= .021) were associated with decreased malaria risk. CONCLUSION Given the delay in the time to first malaria episode associated with HbAS, it would be advisable for clinical trials and observational studies that use this end point to include Hb typing in the design of studies conducted in areas where HbAS is prevalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Crompton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Findley S, Zayan A, Kere M, Kone Y, Sogbo G. Stretching the limits of health interventions in Burkina Faso. Health Transit Rev 1997; 7:95-107. [PMID: 10168582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|