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Ma YH, Sheng YD, Zhang D, Liu JT, Tian Y, Li H, Li XF, Li N, Sun P, Siddiqui SA, Sun WW, Zhang L, Shan XF, Wang CF, Qian AD, Zhang DX. Acanthopanax senticosus cultures fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus enhanced immune response through improvement of antioxidant activity and inflammation in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106614. [PMID: 38492825 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been recognized as safe microorganism that improve micro-flora disturbances and enhance immune response. A well-know traditional herbal medicine, Acanthopanax senticosus (As) was extensively utilized in aquaculture to improve growth performance and disease resistance. Particularly, the septicemia, skin wound and gastroenteritis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila threaten the health of aquatic animals and human. However, the effects of probiotic fermented with A. senticosus product on the immune regulation and pathogen prevention in fish remain unclear. Here, the aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the A. senticosus fermentation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus improve immune barrier function. The crucian carp were fed with basal diet supplemented with L. rhamnosus fermented A. senticosus cultures at 2 %, 4 %, 6 % and 8 % bacterial inoculum for 8 weeks. After trials, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly increased, especially in LGG-6 group. The results confirmed that the level of the CAT, GSH-PX, SOD, lysozyme, and MDA was enhanced in fish received with probiotic fermented product. Moreover, the L. rhamnosus fermented A. senticosus cultures could trigger innate and adaptive immunity, including the up-regulation of the C3, C4, and IgM concentration. The results of qRT-PCR revealed that stronger mRNA transcription of IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MyD88 genes in the liver, spleen, kidney, intestine and gills tissues of fish treated with probiotic fermented with A. senticosus product. After infected with A. hydrophila, the survival rate of the LGG-2 (40 %), LGG-4 (50 %), LGG-6 (60 %), LGG-8 (50 %) groups was higher than the control group. Meanwhile, the pathological damage of the liver, spleen, head-kidney, and intestine tissues of probiotic fermentation-fed fish could be alleviated after pathogen infection. Therefore, the present work indicated that L. rhamnosus fermented A. senticosus could be regard as a potential intestine-target therapy strategy to protecting fish from pathogenic bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Di Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jun-Tong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Na Li
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Mudanjiang, Mudanjiang, 157020, China
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | | | - Wu-Wen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Wang LH, Su J, Shen YP, He JJ, Lugaro M, Szányi B, Karakas AI, Zhang LY, Li XY, Guo B, Lian G, Li ZH, Wang YB, Chen LH, Cui BQ, Tang XD, Gao BS, Wu Q, Sun LT, Wang S, Sheng YD, Chen YJ, Zhang H, Li ZM, Song LY, Jiang XZ, Nan W, Nan WK, Zhang L, Cao FQ, Jiao TY, Ru LH, Cheng JP, Wiescher M, Liu WP. Measurement of the ^{18}O(α, γ)^{22}Ne Reaction Rate at JUNA and Its Impact on Probing the Origin of SiC Grains. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:092701. [PMID: 36930937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.092701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ^{18}O(α,γ)^{22}Ne reaction is critical for AGB star nucleosynthesis due to its connection to the abundances of several key isotopes, such as ^{21}Ne and ^{22}Ne. However, the ambiguous resonance energy and spin-parity of the dominant 470 keV resonance leads to substantial uncertainty in the ^{18}O(α,γ)^{22}Ne reaction rate for the temperature of interest. We have measured the resonance energies and strengths of the low-energy resonances in ^{18}O(α,γ)^{22}Ne at the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics experimental facility (JUNA) with improved precision. The key 470 keV resonance energy has been measured to be E_{α}=474.0±1.1 keV, with such high precision achieved for the first time. The spin-parity of this resonance state is determined to be 1^{-}, removing discrepancies in the resonance strengths in earlier studies. The results significantly improve the precision of the ^{18}O(α,γ)^{22}Ne reaction rates by up to about 10 times compared with the previous data at typical AGB temperatures of 0.1-0.3 GK. We demonstrate that such improvement leads to precise ^{21}Ne abundance predictions, with an impact on probing the origin of meteoritic stardust SiC grains from AGB stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - J Su
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Y P Shen
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - J J He
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - M Lugaro
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (CSFK), Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, Budapest 1117, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - B Szányi
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (CSFK), Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary
- Graduate School of Physics, University of Szeged, Dom tér 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - A I Karakas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia
| | - L Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - X Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - B Guo
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - G Lian
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - Z H Li
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - Y B Wang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - L H Chen
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - B Q Cui
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - X D Tang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - B S Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Q Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - L T Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - S Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Y D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Y J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Z M Li
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - L Y Song
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - X Z Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - W Nan
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - W K Nan
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - L Zhang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - F Q Cao
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
| | - T Y Jiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - L H Ru
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J P Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - M Wiescher
- Department of Physics and The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
- Wolfson Fellow of Royal Society, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - W P Liu
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413, China
- College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Wang T, Tian XL, Xu XB, Li H, Tian Y, Ma YH, Li XF, Li N, Zhang TT, Sheng YD, Tang QX, Zhang L, Wang CF, Siddiquid SA, Wang LX, Shan XF, Qian AD, Zhang DX. Dietary supplementation of probiotics fermented Chinese herbal medicine Sanguisorba officinalis cultures enhanced immune response and disease resistance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:682-696. [PMID: 36341871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the major pathogens causing bacterial sepsis in aquatic animals due to drug resistance and pathogenicity, which could cause high mortality and serious economic losses to the aquaculture. Sanguisorba officinalis (called DiYu in Chinese, DY) is well known as herbal medicine, which could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, hemostasis and regulate the immune response. Moreover, the active ingredients in DY could remarkably reduce drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of probiotic fermentation cultures on A. hydrophila through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Three lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), Lactobacillus casei (LC) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), were selected to ferment the Chinese herbal medicine DY. The assays of antagonism showed that all three fermented cultures could influence the ability of A. hydrophila growth, among which L. rhamnosus fermented DY cultures appeared to be the strongest inhibitory effect. In addition, the biofilm determination revealed that L. rhamnosus fermented DY cultures could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of A. hydrophila compared to the other groups. Furthermore, protease, lecithinase and urease activities were found in the three fermentation cultures. Three probiotics fermented DY cultures were orally administration with crucian carp to evaluate the growth performance, immunological parameters and pathogen resistance. The results showed that the three fermentation cultures could promote the growth performance of crucian carp, and the immunoglobulins, antioxidant-related enzymes and immune-related genes were significantly enhanced. Besides, the results showed that crucian carp received L. rhamnosus (60.87%), L. casei (56.09%) and L. plantarum (41.46%) fermented DY cultures had higher survival rates compared with the control group after infection with A. hydrophila. Meanwhile, the pathological tissue results revealed that the probiotic fermented cultures could largely improve the tissues damage caused by the pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, this study proved that the fermentation cultures of three probiotics could effectively inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila, regulate the level of immune response and improve the survival rate against A. hydrophila in crucian carp. The present data suggest that probiotic fermented Sanguisorba officinalis act as a potential gut-targeted therapy regimens to protecting fish from pathogenic bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin-Lei Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xue-Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yi-Han Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Na Li
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Mudanjiang, Mudanjiang, 157020, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Di Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qian-Xi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | | | - Li-Xia Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Nong'an County, Jilin Province, 130200, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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4
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Gao B, Jiao TY, Li YT, Chen H, Lin WP, An Z, Ru LH, Zhang ZC, Tang XD, Wang XY, Zhang NT, Fang X, Xie DH, Fan YH, Ma L, Zhang X, Bai F, Wang P, Fan YX, Liu G, Huang HX, Wu Q, Zhu YB, Chai JL, Li JQ, Sun LT, Wang S, Cai JW, Li YZ, Su J, Zhang H, Li ZH, Li YJ, Li ET, Chen C, Shen YP, Lian G, Guo B, Li XY, Zhang LY, He JJ, Sheng YD, Chen YJ, Wang LH, Zhang L, Cao FQ, Nan W, Nan WK, Li GX, Song N, Cui BQ, Chen LH, Ma RG, Zhang ZC, Yan SQ, Liao JH, Wang YB, Zeng S, Nan D, Fan QW, Qi NC, Sun WL, Guo XY, Zhang P, Chen YH, Zhou Y, Zhou JF, He JR, Shang CS, Li MC, Kubono S, Liu WP, deBoer RJ, Wiescher M, Pignatari M. Deep Underground Laboratory Measurement of ^{13}C(α,n)^{16}O in the Gamow Windows of the s and i Processes. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:132701. [PMID: 36206440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ^{13}C(α,n)^{16}O reaction is the main neutron source for the slow-neutron-capture process in asymptotic giant branch stars and for the intermediate process. Direct measurements at astrophysical energies in above-ground laboratories are hindered by the extremely small cross sections and vast cosmic-ray-induced background. We performed the first consistent direct measurement in the range of E_{c.m.}=0.24 to 1.9 MeV using the accelerators at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory and Sichuan University. Our measurement covers almost the entire intermediate process Gamow window in which the large uncertainty of the previous experiments has been reduced from 60% down to 15%, eliminates the large systematic uncertainty in the extrapolation arising from the inconsistency of existing datasets, and provides a more reliable reaction rate for the studies of the slow-neutron-capture and intermediate processes along with the first direct determination of the alpha strength for the near-threshold state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R J deBoer
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Wiescher
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Wolfson Fellow of Royal Society, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - M Pignatari
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (CSFK), Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest H-1121, Hungary
- E. A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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Zhang LY, Su J, He JJ, Wiescher M, deBoer RJ, Kahl D, Chen YJ, Li XY, Wang JG, Zhang L, Cao FQ, Zhang H, Zhang ZC, Jiao TY, Sheng YD, Wang LH, Song LY, Jiang XZ, Li ZM, Li ET, Wang S, Lian G, Li ZH, Tang XD, Zhao HW, Sun LT, Wu Q, Li JQ, Cui BQ, Chen LH, Ma RG, Guo B, Xu SW, Li JY, Qi NC, Sun WL, Guo XY, Zhang P, Chen YH, Zhou Y, Zhou JF, He JR, Shang CS, Li MC, Zhou XH, Zhang YH, Zhang FS, Hu ZG, Xu HS, Chen JP, Liu WP. Direct Measurement of the Astrophysical ^{19}F(p,αγ)^{16}O Reaction in the Deepest Operational Underground Laboratory. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:152702. [PMID: 34678013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.152702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine is one of the most interesting elements in nuclear astrophysics, where the ^{19}F(p,α)^{16}O reaction is of crucial importance for Galactic ^{19}F abundances and CNO cycle loss in first generation Population III stars. As a day-one campaign at the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics experimental facility, we report direct measurements of the essential ^{19}F(p,αγ)^{16}O reaction channel. The γ-ray yields were measured over E_{c.m.}=72.4-344 keV, covering the Gamow window; our energy of 72.4 keV is unprecedentedly low, reported here for the first time. The experiment was performed under the extremely low cosmic-ray-induced background environment of the China JinPing Underground Laboratory, one of the deepest underground laboratories in the world. The present low-energy S factors deviate significantly from previous theoretical predictions, and the uncertainties are significantly reduced. The thermonuclear ^{19}F(p,αγ)^{16}O reaction rate has been determined directly at the relevant astrophysical energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - J Su
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - J J He
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - M Wiescher
- Department of Physics and The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - R J deBoer
- Department of Physics and The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D Kahl
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest-Măgurele 077125, Romania
| | - Y J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - X Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - J G Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - L Zhang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - F Q Cao
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - H Zhang
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Z C Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - T Y Jiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - L H Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - L Y Song
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - X Z Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Z M Li
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - E T Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - S Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - G Lian
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Z H Li
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - X D Tang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H W Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - L T Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Q Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J Q Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - B Q Cui
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - L H Chen
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - R G Ma
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - B Guo
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - S W Xu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J Y Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - N C Qi
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - W L Sun
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - X Y Guo
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - P Zhang
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Y H Chen
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - J F Zhou
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - J R He
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - C S Shang
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - M C Li
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - X H Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - F S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Z G Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H S Xu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J P Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - W P Liu
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
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