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Kim H, Huh YJ, Kim JH, Jo M, Shin JH, Park SC, Ahn JY, Lee YI, Lee Y. Identification and evaluation of midbrain specific longevity-related genes in exceptionally long-lived but healthy mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1030807. [PMID: 36711211 PMCID: PMC9874112 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1030807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex biological process that is affected by both genetic background and environment. The transcriptomic analysis of aged human and rodent brains has been applied to identify age-associated molecular and cellular processes for which intervention could possibly restore declining brain functions induced by aging. However, whether these age-associated genetic alterations are indeed involved in the healthy aging of the brain remains unclear. We herein characterized a naturally occurring, extremely long-lived (34 months of age) but healthy mouse group retaining well-preserved motor functions. Strikingly, these long-lived mice maintained tyrosine hydroxylase expression and dopaminergic fiber densities, even in the presence of persistent neuroinflammation and expression of aging markers. Combined with Endeavor gene prioritization, we identified the following midbrain-specific longevity-associated genes in the midbrain of these mice: aimp2, hexb, cacybp, akt2, nrf1, axin1, wwp2, sp2, dnajb9, notch, traf7, and lrp1. A detailed biochemical analysis of the midbrain of these long-lived mice confirmed the increased expression of Nrf1 and the activation of Akt1 and 2. Interestingly, dopaminergic neuroprotective and age-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin expression was retained at high levels in the aforementioned midbrains, possibly supporting the suppression of its toxic substrates AIMP2 and PARIS. In contrast, the 24-month-old mice with dopaminergic neurite deficits failed to maintain parkin expression in the midbrain. AIMP2-induced cytotoxicity, mitochondrial stress, and neurite toxicity can be prevented by overexpression of parkin, Akt1, and Nrf1 in SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells, and basal expression of parkin, Akt1, and Nrf1 is required for maintenance of mitochondrial function and neurite integrity in PC12 cells. Taken together, this longevity-associated pathway could be a potential target of intervention to maintain nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers and motor ability to ensure healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Huh
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea,The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Yun-Il Lee,
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea,Yunjong Lee,
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Cho B, Kim T, Huh YJ, Lee J, Lee YI. Amelioration of Mitochondrial Quality Control and Proteostasis by Natural Compounds in Parkinson's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205208. [PMID: 31640129 PMCID: PMC6829248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a well-known age-related neurodegenerative disorder associated with longer lifespans and rapidly aging populations. The pathophysiological mechanism is a complex progress involving cellular damage such as mitochondrial dysfunction and protein homeostasis. Age-mediated degenerative neurological disorders can reduce the quality of life and also impose economic burdens. Currently, the common treatment is replacement with levodopa to address low dopamine levels; however, this does not halt the progression of PD and is associated with adverse effects, including dyskinesis. In addition, elderly patients can react negatively to treatment with synthetic neuroprotection agents. Recently, natural compounds such as phytochemicals with fewer side effects have been reported as candidate treatments of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, hormesis, proteostasis, the ubiquitin‒proteasome system, and autophagy (mitophagy) to explain the neuroprotective effects of using natural products as a therapeutic strategy. We also summarize the efforts to use natural extracts to develop novel pharmacological candidates for treatment of age-related PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongki Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Taeyun Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Huh
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
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Ramalingam M, Huh YJ, Lee YI. The Impairments of α-Synuclein and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin in Rotenone-Induced SH-SY5Y Cells and Mice Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1028. [PMID: 31611767 PMCID: PMC6769080 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). α-synuclein (α-syn) is known to regulate mitochondrial function and both PINK1 and Parkin have been shown to eliminate damaged mitochondria in PD. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is expressed in several distinct subcellular compartments and mediates the effects of nutrients, growth factors, and stress on cell growth. However, the contributions of these various regulators to DAergic cell death have been demonstrated mainly in culture with serum, which is known to dramatically influence endogenous growth rate and toxin susceptibility through nutrient and growth factor signaling. Therefore, we compared neurotoxicity induced by the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone (ROT, 5 or 10 μM for 24 h) in SH-SY5Y cells cultured with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% FBS, or 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, serum-free). In addition, C57BL/6J mice were injected with 12 μg ROT into the right striatum, and brains examined by histology and Western blotting 2 weeks later for evidence of DAergic cell death and the underlying signaling mechanisms. ROT dose-dependently reduced SH-SY5Y cell viability in all serum groups without a significant effect of serum concentration. ROT injection also significantly reduced immunoreactivity for the DAergic cell marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in both the mouse striatum and SNpc. Western blotting revealed that ROT inhibited TH and Parkin expression while increasing α-syn and PINK1 expression in both SH-SY5Y cells and injected mice, consistent with disruption of mitochondrial function. Moreover, expression levels of the mTOR signaling pathway components mTORC, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ULK1, and ATG13 were altered in ROT-induced PD. Further, serum level influenced mTOR signaling in the absence of ROT and the changes in response to ROT. Signs of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and altered expression of tethering proteins mediating mitochondria-associated ER contacts (MAMs) were also altered concomitant with ROT-induced neurodegeneration. Taken together, this study demonstrates that complex mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction, altered mTOR nutrient-sensing pathways, ER stress, and disrupted MAM protein dynamics are involved in DAergic neurodegeneration in response to ROT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
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Huh YJ, Choi JS, Jeon CJ. Localization of Rod Bipolar Cells in the Mammalian Retina Using an Antibody Against the α1c L-type Ca(2+) Channel. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2015; 48:47-52. [PMID: 26019373 PMCID: PMC4427564 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar cells transmit stimuli via graded changes in membrane potential and neurotransmitter release is modulated by Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the α1c subunit of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (α1c L-type Ca2+ channel) colocalizes with protein kinase C alpha (PKC-α), which labels rod bipolar cells. Retinal whole mounts and vertical sections from mouse, hamster, rabbit, and dog were immunolabeled with antibodies against PKC-α and α1c L-type Ca2+ channel, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and Cy5 as visualizing agents. PKC-α-immunoreactive cells were morphologically identical to rod bipolar cells as previously reported. Their cell bodies were located within the inner nuclear layer, dendritic processes branched into the outer plexiform layer, and axons extended into the inner plexiform layer. Immunostaining showed that α1c L-type Ca2+ channel colocalized with PKC-α in rod bipolar cells. The identical expression of PKC-α and α1c L-type Ca2+ channel indicates that the α1c L-type Ca2+ channel has a specific role in rod bipolar cells, and the antibody against the α1c L-type Ca2+ channel may be a useful marker for studying the distribution of rod bipolar cells in mouse, hamster, rabbit, and dog retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Huh
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
| | - Jae-Sik Choi
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
| | - Chang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
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Choe YK, Huh YJ, Park JH, Kim JR, Park JS, Song JC, Ko JH, Lee YC, Nashiru O, Kim JK, Kim SJ, Bai GH, Chung TH, Chung TW, Choe IS, Kim CH. Improved isolation of genomic DNA from mycobacteria in agarose plugs by rapid lysis with a combination of N-acetylglucosaminidase and lysozyme. Biotechniques 1996; 20:547-52. [PMID: 8800667 DOI: 10.2144/19962004547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Choe
- Dong-Guk University Kyungpook, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the usefulness of DNA fingerprinting for the epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Korean tuberculosis patients. METHODS Comparison of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns produced by southern hybridization of PvuII-digested chromosomal DNA. RESULTS IS6110-associated banding patterns of 41 isolates varied considerably, containing 1-13 copies. The RFLP pattern of the epidemiologically related M. tuberculosis isolates was identical in 8 of 10 groups of close contact patients. No noticeable differences in RFLP were observed between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant isolates. IS1081-containing restriction fragment analysis of 52 isolates showed 6 different banding patterns, and the C type was found dominant in Korea. Identification of G type M. tuberculosis, which has a 8.0 kb IS1081-containing PvuII fragment, is unusual because it has been observed only in M. bovis BCG so far. CONCLUSIONS IS6110 was a very useful tool for tracing the transmission route of tuberculosis; IS1081 was also useful for subdividing M. tuberculosis into several groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Huh
- Department of Bacteriology, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Seoul, Korea
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Huh YJ, Weiss AA. A 23-kilodalton protein, distinct from BvgA, expressed by virulent Bordetella pertussis binds to the promoter region of vir-regulated toxin genes. Infect Immun 1991; 59:2389-95. [PMID: 2050404 PMCID: PMC258023 DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.7.2389-2395.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis coordinately regulates expression of its virulence factors in response to changing environmental conditions. These factors include pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, and the filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). The vir (or bvg) locus has been shown genetically to be required for this coordinate regulation. We have attempted to study the biochemical basis for coordinate regulation. DNA promoter deletion studies from other laboratories have shown that two tandem 20-bp repeats -157 to -117 bp upstream from the pertussis toxin promoter are essential for transcription. A similar 20-bp tandem repeat was found at the same site in the upstream region of the adenylate cyclase toxin promoter but is not present in the FHA or vir promoter region. Gel retardation revealed protein from virulent strains (able to express the virulence genes) but not from avirulent strains (unable to express the virulence genes) bound to the promoter region of the pertussis toxin gene, and this binding could be abolished by competition with an excess of oligonucleotides corresponding to either tandem repeat. The protein was determined to be 23 kDa by Southwestern (DNA-protein) analysis and could bind to either 20-bp oligonucleotide from the pertussis toxin promoter and either 20-bp oligonucleotide from the adenylate cyclase toxin promoter. BvgA, a 23-kDa protein encoded in the vir locus, has been reported to bind to a 14-bp inverted repeat in the FHA promoter which is not present in the pertussis toxin or adenylate cyclase promoter. We could not demonstrate binding of BvgA to the pertussis toxin promoter region. These data suggest that we have identified a second 23-kDa protein, distinct from BvgA but regulated by the vir operon, that binds to DNA sequences required for transcription of some, but not all, vir-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Huh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298
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