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Szypryt P, O’Neil GC, Takacs E, Tan JN, Buechele SW, Naing AS, Bennett DA, Doriese WB, Durkin M, Fowler JW, Gard JD, Hilton GC, Morgan KM, Reintsema CD, Schmidt DR, Swetz DS, Ullom JN, Ralchenko Y. A transition-edge sensor-based x-ray spectrometer for the study of highly charged ions at the National Institute of Standards and Technology electron beam ion trap. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:123107. [PMID: 31893849 PMCID: PMC8772522 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design, commissioning, and initial measurements of a Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer for the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Over the past few decades, the NIST EBIT has produced numerous studies of highly charged ions in diverse fields such as atomic physics, plasma spectroscopy, and laboratory astrophysics. The newly commissioned NIST EBIT TES Spectrometer (NETS) improves the measurement capabilities of the EBIT through a combination of high x-ray collection efficiency and resolving power. NETS utilizes 192 individual TES x-ray microcalorimeters (166/192 yield) to improve upon the collection area by a factor of ∼30 over the 4-pixel neutron transmutation doped germanium-based microcalorimeter spectrometer previously used at the NIST EBIT. The NETS microcalorimeters are optimized for the x-ray energies from roughly 500 eV to 8000 eV and achieve an energy resolution of 3.7 eV-5.0 eV over this range, a more modest (<2×) improvement over the previous microcalorimeters. Beyond this energy range, NETS can operate with various trade-offs, the most significant of which are reduced efficiency at lower energies and being limited to a subset of the pixels at higher energies. As an initial demonstration of the capabilities of NETS, we measured transitions in He-like and H-like O, Ne, and Ar as well as Ni-like W. We detail the energy calibration and data analysis techniques used to transform detector counts into x-ray spectra, a process that will be the basis for analyzing future data.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Szypryt
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - G. C. O’Neil
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - E. Takacs
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - J. N. Tan
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - S. W. Buechele
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - A. S. Naing
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D. A. Bennett
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - W. B. Doriese
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - M. Durkin
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J. W. Fowler
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J. D. Gard
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G. C. Hilton
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - K. M. Morgan
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - C. D. Reintsema
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D. R. Schmidt
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D. S. Swetz
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J. N. Ullom
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Yu. Ralchenko
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Das T, Bartschat K, Bray I, Fursa D, Zatsarinny O, Ballance C, Chung HK, Ralchenko Y. Recommended electron-impact excitation and ionization cross sections for Be I. At Data Nucl Data Tables 2019; 127-128:10.1016/j.adt.2018.11.001. [PMID: 32116394 PMCID: PMC7047829 DOI: 10.1016/j.adt.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Analytic fits to the recommended electron-impact excitation and ionization cross sections for Be I are presented. The lowest 19 terms of configurations 2snl (n ≤ 4) and 2p 2 terms below the first ionization limit are considered. The fits are based on the accurate calculations with the convergent close coupling (CCC) method as well as the B-spline R-matrix (BSR) approach. The fitted cross sections provide rate coefficients that are believed to approximate the original data within 10% with very few exceptions. The oscillator strengths for the dipole-allowed transitions between all the considered states are calculated with the relativistic multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) approach and compared with the CCC and BSR results. This comparison shows a very good agreement except for a handful of cases with likely strong cancellations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Das
- International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna,
Austria
| | - K. Bartschat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des
Moines, IA 50311, USA
| | - I. Bray
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Physics,
Astronomy and Medical Radiation Science,Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA
6845, Australia
| | - D.V. Fursa
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Physics,
Astronomy and Medical Radiation Science,Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA
6845, Australia
| | - O. Zatsarinny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des
Moines, IA 50311, USA
| | - C. Ballance
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - H.-K. Chung
- International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Yu. Ralchenko
- National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Zhao Z, Wang K, Li S, Si R, Chen C, Chen Z, Yan J, Ralchenko Y. Multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations of forbidden transitions within the 3d k ground configurations of highly charged ions ( Z = 72-83). At Data Nucl Data Tables 2018; 119:10.1016/j.adt.2017.01.002. [PMID: 32116393 PMCID: PMC7047844 DOI: 10.1016/j.adt.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive self-consistent multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) calculations are performed for the 3s23p63d k (k = 1-9) ground configurations of highly charged ions (Z = 72-83). Complete and consistent datasets of excitation energies, wavelengths, line strengths, oscillator strengths, and magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transition rates among all these levels are given. We have compared our results with the results available in the literature and the accuracy of the data is assessed. We predict new energy levels and transition probabilities where no other experimental or theoretical results are available, which will form the basis for future experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.L. Zhao
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic–electronic Information and Materials, The College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - K. Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic–electronic Information and Materials, The College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
- Shanghai EBIT Lab, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - S. Li
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - R. Si
- Shanghai EBIT Lab, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - C.Y. Chen
- Shanghai EBIT Lab, Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Z.B. Chen
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - J. Yan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yu. Ralchenko
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, USA
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Silwal R, Lapierre A, Gillaspy JD, Dreiling JM, Blundell SA, Dipti, Borovik A, Gwinner G, Villari ACC, Ralchenko Y, Takacs E. Measuring the difference in nuclear charge radius of Xe isotopes by EUV spectroscopy of highly charged Na-like ions. Phys Rev A (Coll Park) 2018; 98:10.1103/PhysRevA.98.052502. [PMID: 32201753 PMCID: PMC7083102 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.98.052502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The difference in the mean-square nuclear charge radius of xenon isotopes was measured utilizing a method based on extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy of highly charged Na-like ions. The isotope shift of the Na-like D1 (3s 2 S 1/2 - 3p 2 P 1/2) transition between the 124Xe and 136Xe isotopes was experimentally determined using the electron-beam ion-trap facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The mass-shift and the field-shift coefficients were calculated with enhanced precision by the relativistic many-body perturbation theory and multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method. The mean-square nuclear charge radius difference was found to be δ〈r 2〉136,124 = 0.269(42) fm2. Our result has smaller uncertainty than previous experimental results and agrees with the literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Silwal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - A. Lapierre
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J. D. Gillaspy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22314, USA
| | - J. M. Dreiling
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - S. A. Blundell
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dipti
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - A. Borovik
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - G. Gwinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - A. C. C. Villari
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yu. Ralchenko
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - E. Takacs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Seely J, Fein J, Manuel M, Keiter P, Drake P, Kuranz C, Belancourt P, Ralchenko Y, Hudson L, Feldman U. Properties of laser-produced GaAs plasmas measured from highly resolved X-ray line shapes and ratios. High Energy Density Phys 2018; 26:10.1016/j.hedp.2018.02.002. [PMID: 31093030 PMCID: PMC6513004 DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The properties of hot, dense plasmas generated by the irradiation of GaAs targets by the Titan laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory were determined by the analysis of high resolution K shell spectra in the 9 keV to 11 keV range. The laser parameters, such as relatively long pulse duration and large focal spot, were chosen to produce a steady-state plasma with minimal edge gradients, and the time-integrated spectra were compared to non-LTE steady state spectrum simulations using the FLYCHK and NOMAD codes. The bulk plasma streaming velocity was measured from the energy shifts of the Ga He-like transitions and Li-like dielectronic satellites. The electron density and the electron energy distribution, both the thermal and the hot non-thermal components, were determined from the spectral line ratios. After accounting for the spectral line broadening contributions, the plasma turbulent motion was measured from the residual line widths. The ionization balance was determined from the ratios of the He-like through F-like spectral features. The detailed comparison of the experimental Ga spectrum and the spectrum simulated by the FLYCHK code indicates two significant discrepancies, the transition energy of a Li-like dielectronic satellite (designated t) and the calculated intensity of a He-like line (x), that should lead to improvements in the kinetics codes used to simulate the X-ray spectra from highly-charged ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Seely
- Artep Inc., 2922 Excelsior Springs Drive, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA
| | - J. Fein
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, MN 87185 USA
| | - M. Manuel
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - P. Keiter
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - P. Drake
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - C. Kuranz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Yu. Ralchenko
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - L. Hudson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - U. Feldman
- Artep Inc., 2922 Excelsior Springs Drive, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA
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Piron R, Gilleron F, Aglitskiy Y, Chung HK, Fontes C, Hansen S, Marchuk O, Scott H, Stambulchik E, Ralchenko Y. Review of the 9th NLTE code comparison workshop. High Energy Density Phys 2017; 23:10.1016/j.hedp.2017.02.009. [PMID: 32165874 PMCID: PMC7067216 DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We review the 9th NLTE code comparison workshop, which was held in the Jussieu campus, Paris, from November 30th to December 4th, 2015. This time, the workshop was mainly focused on a systematic investigation of iron NLTE steady-state kinetics and emissivity, over a broad range of temperature and density. Through these comparisons, topics such as modeling of the dielectronic processes, density effects or the effect of an external radiation field were addressed. The K-shell spectroscopy of iron plasmas was also addressed, notably through the interpretation of tokamak and laser experimental spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Piron
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | | - H.-K. Chung
- International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - C.J. Fontes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - S.B. Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - O. Marchuk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Plasmaphys, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - H.A. Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - E. Stambulchik
- Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yu. Ralchenko
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, USA
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Seely JF, Glover JL, Hudson LT, Ralchenko Y, Henins A, Pereira N, Feldman U, Di Stefano CA, Kuranz CC, Drake RP, Chen H, Williams GJ, Park J. Measurement of high-energy (10-60 keV) x-ray spectral line widths with eV accuracy. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11D618. [PMID: 25430194 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high resolution crystal spectrometer utilizing a crystal in transmission geometry has been developed and experimentally optimized to measure the widths of emission lines in the 10-60 keV energy range with eV accuracy. The spectrometer achieves high spectral resolution by utilizing crystal planes with small lattice spacings (down to 2d = 0.099 nm), a large crystal bending radius and Rowland circle diameter (965 mm), and an image plate detector with high spatial resolution (60 μm in the case of the Fuji TR image plate). High resolution W L-shell and K-shell laboratory test spectra in the 10-60 keV range and Ho K-shell spectra near 47 keV recorded at the LLNL Titan laser facility are presented. The Ho K-shell spectra are the highest resolution hard x-ray spectra recorded from a solid target irradiated by a high-intensity laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Seely
- Artep Inc., 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, Maryland 21042, USA
| | - J L Glover
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - L T Hudson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Y Ralchenko
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Albert Henins
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - N Pereira
- Ecopulse Inc., P. O. Box 528, Springfield, Virginia 22152, USA
| | - U Feldman
- Artep Inc., 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, Maryland 21042, USA
| | | | - C C Kuranz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R P Drake
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Alexiou S, Ralchenko Y. Erratum: Z scaling of the 3P-3S Li isoelectronic series transition: Quadrupole Stark broadening and resonances. Phys Rev A 1994; 50:3552-3553. [PMID: 9911314 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Alexiou S, Ralchenko Y. Z scaling of the 3P-3S Li isoelectronic series transition: Quadrupole Stark broadening and resonances. Phys Rev A 1994; 49:3086-3088. [PMID: 9910594 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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