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Eduardus, Shagam Y, Landau A, Faraji S, Schwerdtfeger P, Borschevsky A, Pašteka LF. Large vibrationally induced parity violation effects in CHDBrI . Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14579-14582. [PMID: 37990542 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The isotopically chiral molecular ion CHDBrI+ is identified as an exceptionally promising candidate for the detection of parity violation in vibrational transitions. The largest predicted parity-violating frequency shift reaches 1.8 Hz for the hydrogen wagging mode which has a sub-Hz natural line width and its vibrational frequency auspiciously lies in the available laser range. In stark contrast to this result, the parent neutral molecule is two orders of magnitude less sensitive to parity violation. The origin of this effect is analyzed and explained. Precision vibrational spectroscopy of CHDBrI+ is feasible as it is amenable to preparation at internally low temperatures and resistant to predissociation, promoting long interrogation times (Landau et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2023, 159, 114307). The intersection of these properties in this molecular ion places the first observation of parity violation in chiral molecules within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardus
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity (VSI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute and The Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Landau
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute and The Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity (VSI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lukáš F Pašteka
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity (VSI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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2
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Landau A, Eduardus, Behar D, Wallach ER, Pašteka LF, Faraji S, Borschevsky A, Shagam Y. Chiral molecule candidates for trapped ion spectroscopy by ab initio calculations: From state preparation to parity violation. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114307. [PMID: 37724734 DOI: 10.1063/5.0163641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parity non-conservation (PNC) due to the weak interaction is predicted to give rise to enantiomer dependent vibrational constants in chiral molecules, but the phenomenon has so far eluded experimental observation. The enhanced sensitivity of molecules to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) has led to substantial advances in molecular precision spectroscopy, and these may be applied to PNC searches as well. Specifically, trapped molecular ion experiments leverage the universality of trapping charged particles to optimize the molecular ion species studied toward BSM searches, but in searches for PNC, only a few chiral molecular ion candidates have been proposed so far. Importantly, viable candidates need to be internally cold, and their internal state populations should be detectable with high quantum efficiency. To this end, we focus on molecular ions that can be created by near threshold resonant two-photon ionization and detected via state-selective photo-dissociation. Such candidates need to be stable in both charged and neutral chiral versions to be amenable to these methods. Here, we present a collection of suitable chiral molecular ion candidates we have found, including CHDBrI+ and CHCaBrI+, that fulfill these conditions according to our ab initio calculations. We find that organo-metallic species have low ionization energy as neutrals and relatively high dissociation thresholds. Finally, we compute the magnitude of the PNC values for vibrational transitions for some of these candidates. An experimental demonstration of state preparation and readout for these candidates will be an important milestone toward measuring PNC in chiral molecules for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Landau
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Helen Diller Quantum Center and the Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Institute of Advanced Studies in Theoretical Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Eduardus
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity (VSI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Doron Behar
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Helen Diller Quantum Center and the Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Eliana Ruth Wallach
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Helen Diller Quantum Center and the Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lukáš F Pašteka
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity (VSI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity (VSI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Helen Diller Quantum Center and the Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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3
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Roussy TS, Caldwell L, Wright T, Cairncross WB, Shagam Y, Ng KB, Schlossberger N, Park SY, Wang A, Ye J, Cornell EA. An improved bound on the electron's electric dipole moment. Science 2023; 381:46-50. [PMID: 37410848 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of matter and antimatter in our Universe provides compelling motivation to search for undiscovered particles that violate charge-parity symmetry. Interactions with vacuum fluctuations of the fields associated with these new particles will induce an electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM). We present the most precise measurement yet of the eEDM using electrons confined inside molecular ions, subjected to a huge intramolecular electric field, and evolving coherently for up to 3 seconds. Our result is consistent with zero and improves on the previous best upper bound by a factor of ~2.4. Our results provide constraints on broad classes of new physics above [Formula: see text] electron volts, beyond the direct reach of the current particle colliders or those likely to be available in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya S Roussy
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Luke Caldwell
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Trevor Wright
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - William B Cairncross
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Yuval Shagam
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kia Boon Ng
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Noah Schlossberger
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sun Yool Park
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Anzhou Wang
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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4
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Roussy TS, Palken DA, Cairncross WB, Brubaker BM, Gresh DN, Grau M, Cossel KC, Ng KB, Shagam Y, Zhou Y, Flambaum VV, Lehnert KW, Ye J, Cornell EA. Experimental Constraint on Axionlike Particles over Seven Orders of Magnitude in Mass. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:171301. [PMID: 33988453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.171301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We use our recent electric dipole moment (EDM) measurement data to constrain the possibility that the HfF^{+} EDM oscillates in time due to interactions with candidate dark matter axionlike particles (ALPs). We employ a Bayesian analysis method which accounts for both the look-elsewhere effect and the uncertainties associated with stochastic density fluctuations in the ALP field. We find no evidence of an oscillating EDM over a range spanning from 27 nHz to 400 mHz, and we use this result to constrain the ALP-gluon coupling over the mass range 10^{-22}-10^{-15} eV. This is the first laboratory constraint on the ALP-gluon coupling in the 10^{-17}-10^{-15} eV range, and the first laboratory constraint to properly account for the stochastic nature of the ALP field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya S Roussy
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Daniel A Palken
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - William B Cairncross
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Benjamin M Brubaker
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Daniel N Gresh
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Matt Grau
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Kevin C Cossel
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Kia Boon Ng
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Yuval Shagam
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Victor V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Konrad W Lehnert
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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5
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Blech A, Shagam Y, Hölsch N, Paliwal P, Skomorowski W, Rosenberg JW, Bibelnik N, Heber O, Reich DM, Narevicius E, Koch CP. Phase protection of Fano-Feshbach resonances. Nat Commun 2020; 11:999. [PMID: 32081896 PMCID: PMC7035365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay of bound states due to coupling with free particle states is a general phenomenon occurring at energy scales from MeV in nuclear physics to peV in ultracold atomic gases. Such a coupling gives rise to Fano-Feshbach resonances (FFR) that have become key to understanding and controlling interactions-in ultracold atomic gases, but also between quasiparticles, such as microcavity polaritons. Their energy positions were shown to follow quantum chaotic statistics. In contrast, their lifetimes have so far escaped a similarly comprehensive understanding. Here, we show that bound states, despite being resonantly coupled to a scattering state, become protected from decay whenever the relative phase is a multiple of π. We observe this phenomenon by measuring lifetimes spanning four orders of magnitude for FFR of spin-orbit excited molecular ions with merged beam and electrostatic trap experiments. Our results provide a blueprint for identifying naturally long-lived states in a decaying quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Blech
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- JILA, NIST and the Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Nicolas Hölsch
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Prerna Paliwal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Wojciech Skomorowski
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - John W Rosenberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Natan Bibelnik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Heber
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel M Reich
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Christiane P Koch
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany.
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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6
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Zhou Y, Shagam Y, Cairncross WB, Ng KB, Roussy TS, Grogan T, Boyce K, Vigil A, Pettine M, Zelevinsky T, Ye J, Cornell EA. Second-Scale Coherence Measured at the Quantum Projection Noise Limit with Hundreds of Molecular Ions. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:053201. [PMID: 32083904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cold molecules provide an excellent platform for quantum information, cold chemistry, and precision measurement. Certain molecules have enhanced sensitivity to beyond standard model physics, such as the electron's electric dipole moment (eEDM). Molecular ions are easily trappable and are therefore particularly attractive for precision measurements where sensitivity scales with interrogation time. Here, we demonstrate a spin precession measurement with second-scale coherence at the quantum projection noise (QPN) limit with hundreds of trapped molecular ions, chosen for their sensitivity to the eEDM rather than their amenability to state control and readout. Orientation-resolved resonant photodissociation allows us to simultaneously measure two quantum states with opposite eEDM sensitivity, reaching the QPN limit and fully exploiting the high count rate and long coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Yuval Shagam
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - William B Cairncross
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Kia Boon Ng
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tanya S Roussy
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tanner Grogan
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Kevin Boyce
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Antonio Vigil
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Madeline Pettine
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tanya Zelevinsky
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-5255, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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7
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Bibelnik N, Gersten S, Henson AB, Lavert-Ofir E, Shagam Y, Skomorowski W, Koch CP, Narevicius E. Cold temperatures invert product ratios in Penning ionisation reactions with argon. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1594421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natan Bibelnik
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sasha Gersten
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon B Henson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Etay Lavert-Ofir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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8
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Abstract
A high-intensity supersonic beam source has been a key component in studies of molecular collisions, molecule-surface interaction, chemical reactions, and precision spectroscopy. However, the molecular density available for experiments in a downstream science chamber is limited by skimmer clogging, which constrains the separation between a valve and a skimmer to at least several hundred nozzle diameters. A recent experiment (Sci. Adv., 2017, 3, e1602258) has introduced a new strategy to address this challenge: when a skimmer is cooled to a temperature below the freezing point of the carrier gas, skimmer clogging can be effectively suppressed. We go beyond this proof-of-principle work in several key ways. Firstly, we apply the skimmer cooling approach to discharge-produced radical and metastable beams entrained in a carrier gas. We also identify two different processes for skimmer clogging mitigation-shockwave suppression at temperatures around the carrier gas freezing point and diffusive clogging at even lower temperatures. With the carrier clogging removed, we now fully optimize the production of entrained species such as hydroxyl radicals, resulting in a gain of 30 in density over the best commercial devices. The gain arises from both clogging mitigation and favorable geometry with a much shorter valve-skimmer distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.
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9
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Pawlak M, Shagam Y, Klein A, Narevicius E, Moiseyev N. Adiabatic Variational Theory for Cold Atom–Molecule Collisions: Application to a Metastable Helium Atom Colliding with ortho- and para-Hydrogen Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2194-2198. [PMID: 28221791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Pawlak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina
7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ayelet Klein
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nimrod Moiseyev
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry and Faculty of Physics, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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10
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Segev Y, Bibelnik N, Akerman N, Shagam Y, Luski A, Karpov M, Narevicius J, Narevicius E. Molecular beam brightening by shock-wave suppression. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1602258. [PMID: 28345047 PMCID: PMC5342657 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supersonic beams are a prevalent source of cold molecules used in the study of chemical reactions, atom interferometry, gas-surface interactions, precision spectroscopy, molecular cooling, and more. The triumph of this method emanates from the high densities produced in relation to other methods; however, beam density remains fundamentally limited by interference with shock waves reflected from collimating surfaces. We show experimentally that this shock interaction can be reduced or even eliminated by cryocooling the interacting surface. An increase of nearly an order of magnitude in beam density was measured at the lowest surface temperature, with no further fundamental limitation reached. Visualization of the shock waves by plasma discharge and reproduction with direct simulation Monte Carlo calculations both indicate that the suppression of the shock structure is partially caused by lowering the momentum flux of reflected particles and significantly enhanced by the adsorption of particles to the surface. We observe that the scaling of beam density with source pressure is recovered, paving the way to order-of-magnitude brighter, cold molecular beams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natan Bibelnik
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nitzan Akerman
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alon Luski
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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11
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Skomorowski W, Shagam Y, Narevicius E, Koch CP. Photoassociation Spectroscopy in Penning Ionization Reactions at Sub-Kelvin Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3309-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Skomorowski
- Theoretische
Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Christiane P. Koch
- Theoretische
Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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12
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Shagam Y, Klein A, Skomorowski W, Yun R, Averbukh V, Koch CP, Narevicius E. Molecular hydrogen interacts more strongly when rotationally excited at low temperatures leading to faster reactions. Nat Chem 2015; 7:921-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Pawlak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nimrod Moiseyev
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Faculty of Physics, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Lavert-Ofir E, Shagam Y, Henson AB, Gersten S, Kłos J, Żuchowski PS, Narevicius J, Narevicius E. Observation of the isotope effect in sub-kelvin reactions. Nat Chem 2014; 6:332-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Henson AB, Gersten S, Shagam Y, Narevicius J, Narevicius E. Observation of Resonances in Penning Ionization Reactions at Sub-Kelvin Temperatures in Merged Beams. Science 2012; 338:234-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1229141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Henson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S. Gersten
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Y. Shagam
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - J. Narevicius
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E. Narevicius
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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