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Pang GF, Cao YZ, Fan CL, Zhang JJ, Li XM, MacNeil JD, Bo HB, Chen JH, Chu XG, Fang XM, Guggisberg D, Gupta RC, Hudecova T, Jia X, Kennedy G, Lin AQ, Lin F, Lin HD, Ling YC, Ma ZD, Nan Z, One Y, Qin Y, Quiroga MA, Sharman M, Song WB, Soraci AL, Tang FB, Tekel J, Tian M, Uscinas R, Wang FC, Xu H, Zhou L, Zhou W, Zhou XP, Zhu GN. Determination of Clopidol Residues in Chicken Tissues by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.4.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Eighteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study on the determination of clopidol residues in chicken muscle tissues by liquid chromatography. Of these, results from 16 laboratories which rigorously followed the method were subjected to statistical analysis. The method performance was assessed by all participants using 14 samples of chicken muscle fortified at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/kg. In addition, 9 participants each reported results for 6 clopidol-incurred samples in chicken muscle. Test portions were extracted with acetonitrile, and the extracts were purified with alumina and anion exchange resin solid-phase extraction cartridges in sequence. Clopidol was separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and quantified at 270 nm. Average recoveries ranged from 81.8 to 85.4%, reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 11.9 to 22.6%, and repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) ranged from 9.9 to 15.1%. For clopidol-incurred samples at concentrations of 0.100–0.687 mg/kg, the mean determination value range was 0.099–0.659 mg/kg; RSDR was 12.6–19.8%, RSDr was 3.1–8.5%; and HORRAT values were 0.7–1.1. The accuracy and precision of the method are in conformity with the requirements specified by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. The method was adopted Official First Action in April 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fang Pang
- Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 39 Haibin Rd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, P.C. 066002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Zhong Cao
- Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 39 Haibin Rd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, P.C. 066002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lin Fan
- Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 39 Haibin Rd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, P.C. 066002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jie Zhang
- Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 39 Haibin Rd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, P.C. 066002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Min Li
- Qinhuangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 39 Haibin Rd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, P.C. 066002, People's Republic of China
| | - James D MacNeil
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Saskatoon Laboratory, 116 Veterinary Rd, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 2R3
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Black SM, Johengen MJ, Ma ZD, Bristow J, Soifer SJ. Ventilation and oxygenation induce endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression in the lungs of fetal lambs. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:1448-58. [PMID: 9294110 PMCID: PMC508323 DOI: 10.1172/jci119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
At birth, ventilation and oxygenation immediately decrease pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increase pulmonary blood flow (PBF); more gradual changes occur over the next several hours. Nitric oxide, produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), mediates these gradual changes. To determine how ventilation and oxygenation affect eNOS gene expression, 12 fetal lambs were ventilated for 8 h without changing fetal descending aortic blood gases or pH (rhythmic distension) or with 100% oxygen (O2 ventilation). Vascular pressures and PBF were measured. Total RNA, protein, and tissue sections were prepared from lung tissue for RNase protection assays, Western blotting, and in situ hybridization. O2 ventilation increased PBF and decreased PVR more than rhythmic distension (P < 0.05). Rhythmic distension increased eNOS mRNA expression; O2 ventilation increased eNOS mRNA expression more and increased eNOS protein expression (P < 0.05). To define the mechanisms responsible for these changes, ovine fetal pulmonary arterial endothelial cells were exposed to 1, 21, or 95% O2 or to shear stress. 95% O2 increased eNOS mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05). Shear stress increased eNOS mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05). Increased oxygenation but more importantly increased PBF with increased shear stress induce eNOS gene expression and contribute to pulmonary vasodilation after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Black
- Department of Pediatrics and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0106, USA
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Polansky JR, Fauss DJ, Chen P, Chen H, Lütjen-Drecoll E, Johnson D, Kurtz RM, Ma ZD, Bloom E, Nguyen TD. Cellular pharmacology and molecular biology of the trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response gene product. Ophthalmologica 1997; 211:126-39. [PMID: 9176893 DOI: 10.1159/000310780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the effects of glucocorticoid (GC) and oxidative stress stimuli in differentiated cultures of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells have provided the rationale for our studies of a major new gene termed TIGR (trabecular meshwork inducible GC response). The TIGR clone was isolated by differential library screening using selection criteria based on the induction pattern of a new protein/glycoprotein found in HTM cultures after prolonged but not brief exposure to GCs. This GC induction pattern matched the time course and dose response required for intraocular pressure elevation in patients receiving corticosteroids. The very large, progressive induction of TIGR combined with specific structural features of its cDNA suggested that TIGR should be considered a candidate gene for outflow obstruction in glaucoma. Among the properties of TIGR cDNA were a signal sequence for secretion, several structural features for interactions with glycosaminoglycans and other glycoproteins and putative sites for cell surface interactions. In addition, the leucine zippers in the structure were related to TIGR-TIGR oligomerization that was shown to occur with native and recombinant TIGR protein. The verification that TIGR was a major stress response protein in HTM cells following hydrogen peroxide (or phorbol esters) exposure provided a potential link between GC and oxidative mechanisms thought to be involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. Pharmacological evaluation showed that basic fibroblast growth factory and transforming growth factor beta decreased the GC induction of TIGR, and certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs protected against both GC- and oxidation-induced stress responses in HTM cells. Our recent studies of TIGR's genomic structure have shown motifs in the promoter region that suggest a basis by which multiple hormonal/environmental stimuli can regulate TIGR production and by which putative genetic alterations could lead to an overexpression of the protein. Further application of cell biology/biochemistry, molecular biology, genetic and histological approaches will be helpful in understanding the role of TIGR in different glaucoma syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Polansky
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF Medical Center 94143-0730, USA
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Bloom E, Sznitowska M, Polansky J, Ma ZD, Maibach HI. Increased proliferation of skin cells by sublethal doses of sodium lauryl sulfate. Dermatology 1994; 188:263-8. [PMID: 8193397 DOI: 10.1159/000247163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most quantitative in vitro approaches to determine irritancy have examined the potential of compounds to decrease biological functions or inhibit growth of cells. Irritants, however, are known to generally have the opposite effect in vivo, i.e. to stimulate cell division. This property has not been directly studied in vitro. We examined the ability of sublethal concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) to stimulate cultured keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation in vitro. The growth of keratinocytes, without added growth factors, continuously exposed to SLS for 4 days was stimulated approximately 89% compared to control. Keratinocytes exposed to SLS for 1 or 18 h were stimulated 36 and 12%, respectively, over the next 4 days of growth. Subconfluent fibroblasts were also stimulated approximately 38%. Confluent fibroblasts were stimulated 40%. All stimulations were maximal between 10(-8) and 10(-5) M added SLS. Media conditioned by keratinocytes exposed to 10(-8) M SLS were able to increase the growth of naive keratinocytes by 117%. In all experiments doses of SLS > 10(-5) M inhibited cell growth. We conclude that sublethal doses of SLS can stimulate the growth of cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The stimulation of growth seen may be related to the stimulation observed in in vivo irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bloom
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0730
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Liu LR, Wang ZG, Liu XR, Li XA, Chen TS, Ma ZD. [Renal function in chronic cor pulmonale monitored with beta 2-microglobulin]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1989; 20:342-5. [PMID: 2696724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Serum and urine levels of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) were measured with radioimmune assay in 40 chronic cor pulmonale patients (52 episodes) and 26 normal controls. The results showed that the serum and urine levels of beta 2-MG were 2.01 +/- 0.47 mg/L and 0.10 +/- 0.08 mg/L respectively, in the normal controls, while in the cor pulmonale group 3.86 +/- 1.58 mg/L and 0.66 +/- 0.34 mg/L respectively, with statistical significance (P less than 0.001, less than 0.005). It was shown that there was a positive correlation between the levels of serum and urine beta 2-MG and PaCO2 and a negative correlation between the levels of serum and urine beta 2-MG and PaO2. The results indicated that determination of serum and urine beta 2-MG could be used in the early detection of the renal impairment in chronic cor pulmonale. The predisposing factors of renal dysfunction in cor pulmonale were also discussed.
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