1
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Sparagon WJ, Arts MGI, Quinlan ZA, Wegley Kelly L, Koester I, Comstock J, Bullington JA, Carlson CA, Dorrestein PC, Aluwihare LI, Haas AF, Nelson CE. Coral thermal stress and bleaching enrich and restructure reef microbial communities via altered organic matter exudation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:160. [PMID: 38351328 PMCID: PMC10864316 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Coral bleaching is a well-documented and increasingly widespread phenomenon in reefs across the globe, yet there has been relatively little research on the implications for reef water column microbiology and biogeochemistry. A mesocosm heating experiment and bottle incubation compared how unbleached and bleached corals alter dissolved organic matter (DOM) exudation in response to thermal stress and subsequent effects on microbial growth and community structure in the water column. Thermal stress of healthy corals tripled DOM flux relative to ambient corals. DOM exudates from stressed corals (heated and/or previously bleached) were compositionally distinct from healthy corals and significantly increased growth of bacterioplankton, enriching copiotrophs and putative pathogens. Together these results demonstrate how the impacts of both short-term thermal stress and long-term bleaching may extend into the water column, with altered coral DOM exudation driving microbial feedbacks that influence how coral reefs respond to and recover from mass bleaching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J Sparagon
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Milou G I Arts
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Zachary A Quinlan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Linda Wegley Kelly
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Irina Koester
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jacqueline Comstock
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, The Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Jessica A Bullington
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Craig A Carlson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, The Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | - Lihini I Aluwihare
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Andreas F Haas
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Texel, The Netherlands
- San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Quinlan ZA, Bennett MJ, Arts MGI, Levenstein M, Flores D, Tholen HM, Tichy L, Juarez G, Haas AF, Chamberland VF, Latijnhouwers KRW, Vermeij MJA, Johnson AW, Marhaver KL, Kelly LW. Coral larval settlement induction using tissue-associated and exuded coralline algae metabolites and the identification of putative chemical cues. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231476. [PMID: 37848062 PMCID: PMC10581770 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reef-building crustose coralline algae (CCA) are known to facilitate the settlement and metamorphosis of scleractinian coral larvae. In recent decades, CCA coverage has fallen globally and degrading environmental conditions continue to reduce coral survivorship, spurring new restoration interventions to rebuild coral reef health. In this study, naturally produced chemical compounds (metabolites) were collected from two pantropical CCA genera to isolate and classify those that induce coral settlement. In experiments using four ecologically important Caribbean coral species, we demonstrate the applicability of extracted, CCA-derived metabolites to improve larval settlement success in coral breeding and restoration efforts. Tissue-associated CCA metabolites induced settlement of one coral species, Orbicella faveolata, while metabolites exuded by CCA (exometabolites) induced settlement of three species: Acropora palmata, Colpophyllia natans and Orbicella faveolata. In a follow-up experiment, CCA exometabolites fractionated and preserved using two different extraction resins induced the same level of larval settlement as the unfractionated positive control exometabolites. The fractionated CCA exometabolite pools were characterized using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, yielding 145 distinct molecular subnetworks that were statistically defined as CCA-derived and could be classified into 10 broad chemical classes. Identifying these compounds can reveal their natural prevalence in coral reef habitats and facilitate the development of new applications to enhance larval settlement and the survival of coral juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Quinlan
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Milou G. I. Arts
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, 1797 SZ, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Levenstein
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daisy Flores
- CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai z/n, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Haley M. Tholen
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lucas Tichy
- CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai z/n, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 XZ, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Juarez
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andreas F. Haas
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, 1797 SZ, Texel, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Valérie F. Chamberland
- CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai z/n, Willemstad, Curaçao
- SECORE International, Hilliard, OH 43026, USA
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WP, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly R. W. Latijnhouwers
- CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai z/n, Willemstad, Curaçao
- SECORE International, Hilliard, OH 43026, USA
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WP, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. A. Vermeij
- CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai z/n, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WP, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Wagoner Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Linda Wegley Kelly
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Koester I, Quinlan ZA, Nothias LF, White ME, Rabines A, Petras D, Brunson JK, Dührkop K, Ludwig M, Böcker S, Azam F, Allen AE, Dorrestein PC, Aluwihare LI. Illuminating the dark metabolome of Pseudo-nitzschia-microbiome associations. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5408-5424. [PMID: 36222155 PMCID: PMC9707391 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The exchange of metabolites mediates algal and bacterial interactions that maintain ecosystem function. Yet, while thousands of metabolites are produced, only a few molecules have been identified in these associations. Using the ubiquitous microalgae Pseudo-nitzschia sp., as a model, we employed an untargeted metabolomics strategy to assign structural characteristics to the metabolites that distinguished specific diatom-microbiome associations. We cultured five species of Pseudo-nitzschia, including two species that produced the toxin domoic acid, and examined their microbiomes and metabolomes. A total of 4826 molecular features were detected by tandem mass spectrometry. Only 229 of these could be annotated using available mass spectral libraries, but by applying new in silico annotation tools, characterization was expanded to 2710 features. The metabolomes of the Pseudo-nitzschia-microbiome associations were distinct and distinguished by structurally diverse nitrogen compounds, ranging from simple amines and amides to cyclic compounds such as imidazoles, pyrrolidines and lactams. By illuminating the dark metabolomes, this study expands our capacity to discover new chemical targets that facilitate microbial partnerships and uncovers the chemical diversity that underpins algae-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Koester
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Zachary A. Quinlan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Louis-Félix Nothias
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Margot E. White
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Ariel Rabines
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Petras
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - John K. Brunson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kai Dührkop
- Chair for Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Ludwig
- Chair for Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Böcker
- Chair for Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Farooq Azam
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Andrew E. Allen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Lihini I. Aluwihare
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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Wegley Kelly L, Nelson CE, Petras D, Koester I, Quinlan ZA, Arts MGI, Nothias LF, Comstock J, White BM, Hopmans EC, van Duyl FC, Carlson CA, Aluwihare LI, Dorrestein PC, Haas AF. Distinguishing the molecular diversity, nutrient content, and energetic potential of exometabolomes produced by macroalgae and reef-building corals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2110283119. [PMID: 35101918 PMCID: PMC8812564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110283119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites exuded by primary producers comprise a significant fraction of marine dissolved organic matter, a poorly characterized, heterogenous mixture that dictates microbial metabolism and biogeochemical cycling. We present a foundational untargeted molecular analysis of exudates released by coral reef primary producers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to examine compounds produced by two coral species and three types of algae (macroalgae, turfing microalgae, and crustose coralline algae [CCA]) from Mo'orea, French Polynesia. Of 10,568 distinct ion features recovered from reef and mesocosm waters, 1,667 were exuded by producers; the majority (86%) were organism specific, reflecting a clear divide between coral and algal exometabolomes. These data allowed us to examine two tenets of coral reef ecology at the molecular level. First, stoichiometric analyses show a significantly reduced nominal carbon oxidation state of algal exometabolites than coral exometabolites, illustrating one ecological mechanism by which algal phase shifts engender fundamental changes in the biogeochemistry of reef biomes. Second, coral and algal exometabolomes were differentially enriched in organic macronutrients, revealing a mechanism for reef nutrient-recycling. Coral exometabolomes were enriched in diverse sources of nitrogen and phosphorus, including tyrosine derivatives, oleoyl-taurines, and acyl carnitines. Exometabolites of CCA and turf algae were significantly enriched in nitrogen with distinct signals from polyketide macrolactams and alkaloids, respectively. Macroalgal exometabolomes were dominated by nonnitrogenous compounds, including diverse prenol lipids and steroids. This study provides molecular-level insights into biogeochemical cycling on coral reefs and illustrates how changing benthic cover on reefs influences reef water chemistry with implications for microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wegley Kelly
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Daniel Petras
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- CMFI Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Koester
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zachary A Quinlan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Milou G I Arts
- Department of Microbiology & Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Louis-Felix Nothias
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jacqueline Comstock
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Brandie M White
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Ellen C Hopmans
- Department of Microbiology & Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur C van Duyl
- Department of Microbiology & Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Craig A Carlson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Lihini I Aluwihare
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andreas F Haas
- Department of Microbiology & Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands;
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Remple KL, Silbiger NJ, Quinlan ZA, Fox MD, Kelly LW, Donahue MJ, Nelson CE. Coral reef biofilm bacterial diversity and successional trajectories are structured by reef benthic organisms and shift under chronic nutrient enrichment. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:84. [PMID: 34853316 PMCID: PMC8636626 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Work on marine biofilms has primarily focused on host-associated habitats for their roles in larval recruitment and disease dynamics; little is known about the factors regulating the composition of reef environmental biofilms. To contrast the roles of succession, benthic communities and nutrients in structuring marine biofilms, we surveyed bacteria communities in biofilms through a six-week succession in aquaria containing macroalgae, coral, or reef sand factorially crossed with three levels of continuous nutrient enrichment. Our findings demonstrate how biofilm successional trajectories diverge from temporal dynamics of the bacterioplankton and how biofilms are structured by the surrounding benthic organisms and nutrient enrichment. We identify a suite of biofilm-associated bacteria linked with the orthogonal influences of corals, algae and nutrients and distinct from the overlying water. Our results provide a comprehensive characterization of marine biofilm successional dynamics and contextualize the impact of widespread changes in reef community composition and nutrient pollution on biofilm community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina L. Remple
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Nyssa J. Silbiger
- grid.253563.40000 0001 0657 9381Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA USA
| | - Zachary A. Quinlan
- grid.263081.e0000 0001 0790 1491Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Michael D. Fox
- grid.56466.370000 0004 0504 7510Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Linda Wegley Kelly
- grid.263081.e0000 0001 0790 1491Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Megan J. Donahue
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Craig E. Nelson
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
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Fox MD, Nelson CE, Oliver TA, Quinlan ZA, Remple K, Glanz J, Smith JE, Putnam HM. Differential resistance and acclimation of two coral species to chronic nutrient enrichment reflect life‐history traits. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Fox
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | - Craig E. Nelson
- Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
| | - Thomas A. Oliver
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center NOAA Inouye Regional Center Honolulu HI USA
| | - Zachary A. Quinlan
- Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
- Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
| | - Kristina Remple
- Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
| | - Jess Glanz
- Department of Biology California State University Northridge Northridge CA USA
| | - Jennifer E. Smith
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA
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Quinlan ZA, Ritson-Williams R, Carroll BJ, Carlson CA, Nelson CE. Species-Specific Differences in the Microbiomes and Organic Exudates of Crustose Coralline Algae Influence Bacterioplankton Communities. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2397. [PMID: 31781048 PMCID: PMC6857149 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are critical members of the coral reef ecosystem, yet they remain poorly studied. Recent research on CCA has shown that only a few species play a significant role in the settlement of coral larvae through either the production of chemical settlement cues or the facilitation of specific microbial communities that are hypothesized to influence coral settlement. Thus, defining how DOM exudates differ between CCA species and the bacterioplankton communities these exudates facilitate is important for understanding the role of CCA in invertebrate settlement. We conducted single day exudation experiments on two species of CCA to compare tissue microbiome community structure, DOM production and the effect of DOM on the bacterioplankton community. We collected exudates from Hydrolithon reinboldii and Porolithon onkodes in both filter-sterilized seawater and unfiltered seawater from Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Our results demonstrate that while both species exude equivalent quantities of dissolved organic carbon they differ in the composition of fluorescent DOM and fostered distinct microbial communities. P. onkodes exudates facilitate more microbial OTUs associated with coral disease, whereas H. reinboldii facilitated OTUs known to produce antimicrobial compounds. Our results highlight species-specific differences in the composition of fDOM exudates of CCA and the effect of those on microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Quinlan
- Department of Oceanography, Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Raphael Ritson-Williams
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Brenna J Carroll
- Department of Oceanography, Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Craig A Carlson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Department of Oceanography, Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Silbiger NJ, Nelson CE, Remple K, Sevilla JK, Quinlan ZA, Putnam HM, Fox MD, Donahue MJ. Nutrient pollution disrupts key ecosystem functions on coral reefs. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2718. [PMID: 29875294 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a long history of examining the impacts of nutrient pollution and pH on coral reefs. However, little is known about how these two stressors interact and influence coral reef ecosystem functioning. Using a six-week nutrient addition experiment, we measured the impact of elevated nitrate (NO-3) and phosphate (PO3-4) on net community calcification (NCC) and net community production (NCP) rates of individual taxa and combined reef communities. Our study had four major outcomes: (i) NCC rates declined in response to nutrient addition in all substrate types, (ii) the mixed community switched from net calcification to net dissolution under medium and high nutrient conditions, (iii) nutrients augmented pH variability through modified photosynthesis and respiration rates, and (iv) nutrients disrupted the relationship between NCC and aragonite saturation state documented in ambient conditions. These results indicate that the negative effect of NO-3 and PO3-4 addition on reef calcification is likely both a direct physiological response to nutrients and also an indirect response to a shifting pH environment from altered NCP rates. Here, we show that nutrient pollution could make reefs more vulnerable to global changes associated with ocean acidification and accelerate the predicted shift from net accretion to net erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyssa J Silbiger
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kristina Remple
- Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jessica K Sevilla
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Zachary A Quinlan
- Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Hollie M Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Megan J Donahue
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
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9
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Kelly LW, Nelson CE, Haas AF, Naliboff DS, Calhoun S, Carlson CA, Edwards RA, Fox MD, Hatay M, Johnson MD, Kelly ELA, Lim YW, Macherla S, Quinlan ZA, Silva GGZ, Vermeij MJA, Zgliczynski B, Sandin SA, Smith JE, Rohwer F. Diel population and functional synchrony of microbial communities on coral reefs. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1691. [PMID: 30979882 PMCID: PMC6461649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
On coral reefs, microorganisms are essential for recycling nutrients to primary producers through the remineralization of benthic-derived organic matter. Diel investigations of reef processes are required to holistically understand the functional roles of microbial players in these ecosystems. Here we report a metagenomic analysis characterizing microbial communities in the water column overlying 16 remote forereef sites over a diel cycle. Our results show that microbial community composition is more dissimilar between day and night samples collected from the same site than between day or night samples collected across geographically distant reefs. Diel community differentiation is largely driven by the flux of Psychrobacter sp., which is two-orders of magnitude more abundant during the day. Nighttime communities are enriched with species of Roseobacter, Halomonas, and Alteromonas encoding a greater variety of pathways for carbohydrate catabolism, further illustrating temporal patterns of energetic provisioning between different marine microbes. Dynamic diel fluctuations of microbial populations could also support the efficient trophic transfer of energy posited in coral reef food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wegley Kelly
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA.
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA
| | - Andreas F Haas
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas S Naliboff
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA
| | - Sandi Calhoun
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA
| | - Craig A Carlson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
| | - Mark Hatay
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA
| | - Maggie D Johnson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA.,Smithsonian Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, FL, 34949, USA
| | - Emily L A Kelly
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
| | - Yan Wei Lim
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA
| | | | - Zachary A Quinlan
- Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA
| | | | - Mark J A Vermeij
- Caribbean Marine Biological Institute (CARMABI), Willemstad, Curaçao.,Aquatic Microbiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Zgliczynski
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
| | - Stuart A Sandin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer E Smith
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
| | - Forest Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA
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