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Augier C, Baulieu G, Belov V, Bergé L, Billard J, Bres G, Bret J.L, Broniatowski A, Calvo M, Cazes A, Chaize D, Chala M, Chapellier M, Chaplinsky L, Chemin G, Chen R, Colas J, Cudmore E, De Jesus M, de Marcillac P, Dumoulin L, Exshaw O, Ferriol S, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Filippini JB, Formaggio JA, Fuard S, Gascon J, Giuliani A, Goupy J, Goy C, Guerin C, Guy E, Harrington P, Hertel SA, Heusch M, Hong Z, Ianigro JC, Jin Y, Juillard A, Karaivanov D, Kazarcev S, Lamblin J, Lattaud H, Li M, Lubashevskiy A, Marnieros S, Martini N, Mayer DW, Minet J, Monfardini A, Mounier F, Novati V, Olivieri E, Oriol C, Mateo LO, Patel PK, Perbet E, Pinckney HD, Poda DV, Ponomarev D, Rarbi F, Real JS, Redon T, Reyes FC, Robert A, Rozov S, Rozova I, Scorza S, Schmidt B, Shevchik Y, Soldner T, Stachurska J, Stutz A, Vagneron L, Van De Pontseele W, Vezzu F, Winslow L, Yakushev E, Zinatulina D. First demonstration of 30 eVee ionization energy resolution with Ricochet germanium cryogenic bolometers. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2024; 84:186. [PMID: 38410744 PMCID: PMC10894082 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The future Ricochet experiment aims to search for new physics in the electroweak sector by measuring the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process from reactor antineutrinos with high precision down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. While the Ricochet collaboration is currently building the experimental setup at the reactor site, it is also finalizing the cryogenic detector arrays that will be integrated into the cryostat at the Institut Laue Langevin in early 2024. In this paper, we report on recent progress from the Ge cryogenic detector technology, called the CryoCube. More specifically, we present the first demonstration of a 30 eVee (electron equivalent) baseline ionization resolution (RMS) achieved with an early design of the detector assembly and its dedicated High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based front-end electronics with a total input capacitance of about 40 pF. This represents an order of magnitude improvement over the best ionization resolutions obtained on similar phonon-and-ionization germanium cryogenic detectors from the EDELWEISS and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments, and a factor of three improvement compared to the first fully-cryogenic HEMT-based preamplifier coupled to a CDMS-II germanium detector with a total input capacitance of 250 pF. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these results in the context of the future Ricochet experiment and its expected background mitigation performance.
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Albakry MF, Alkhatib I, Alonso D, Amaral DWP, Aralis T, Aramaki T, Arnquist IJ, Ataee Langroudy I, Azadbakht E, Banik S, Bathurst C, Bhattacharyya R, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Calkins R, Cameron RA, Cartaro C, Cerdeño DG, Chang YY, Chaudhuri M, Chen R, Chott N, Cooley J, Coombes H, Corbett J, Cushman P, Das S, De Brienne F, Rios M, Dharani S, di Vacri ML, Diamond MD, Elwan M, Fascione E, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Fink CW, Fouts K, Fritts M, Gerbier G, Germond R, Ghaith M, Golwala SR, Hall J, Harms SAS, Hassan N, Hines BA, Hong Z, Hoppe EW, Hsu L, Huber ME, Iyer V, Kashyap VKS, Kelsey MH, Kubik A, Kurinsky NA, Lee M, Litke M, Liu J, Liu Y, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, MacFarlane DB, Mahapatra R, Mast N, Mayer AJ, Meyer Zu Theenhausen H, Michaud É, Michielin E, Mirabolfathi N, Mohanty B, Nebolsky B, Nelson J, Neog H, Novati V, Orrell JL, Osborne MD, Oser SM, Page WA, Pandey L, Pandey S, Partridge R, Pedreros DS, Perna L, Podviianiuk R, Ponce F, Poudel S, Pradeep A, Pyle M, Rau W, Reid E, Ren R, Reynolds T, Tanner E, Roberts A, Robinson AE, Saab T, Sadek D, Sadoulet B, Sahoo SP, Saikia I, Sander J, Sattari A, Schmidt B, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Serfass B, Poudel SS, Sincavage DJ, Sinervo P, Speaks Z, Street J, Sun H, Terry GD, Thasrawala FK, Toback D, Underwood R, Verma S, Villano AN, von Krosigk B, Watkins SL, Wen O, Williams Z, Wilson MJ, Winchell J, Wykoff K, Yellin S, Young BA, Yu TC, Zatschler B, Zatschler S, Zaytsev A, Zeolla A, Zhang E, Zheng L, Zheng Y, Zuniga A, An P, Barbeau PS, Hedges SC, Li L, Runge J. First Measurement of the Nuclear-Recoil Ionization Yield in Silicon at 100 eV. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:091801. [PMID: 37721818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We measured the nuclear-recoil ionization yield in silicon with a cryogenic phonon-sensitive gram-scale detector. Neutrons from a monoenergetic beam scatter off of the silicon nuclei at angles corresponding to energy depositions from 4 keV down to 100 eV, the lowest energy probed so far. The results show no sign of an ionization production threshold above 100 eV. These results call for further investigation of the ionization yield theory and a comprehensive determination of the detector response function at energies below the keV scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Albakry
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - I Alkhatib
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - D Alonso
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D W P Amaral
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - T Aralis
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Aramaki
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - I Ataee Langroudy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - E Azadbakht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S Banik
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - C Bathurst
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Calkins
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - R A Cameron
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D G Cerdeño
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y-Y Chang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Chaudhuri
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - R Chen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - N Chott
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - H Coombes
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Corbett
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S Das
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - F De Brienne
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Rios
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Dharani
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M L di Vacri
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M D Diamond
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - M Elwan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Fascione
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - C W Fink
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Fouts
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Fritts
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Gerbier
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Germond
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ghaith
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, 19282, United Arab Emirates
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Hall
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
- Laurentian University, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S A S Harms
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - N Hassan
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - B A Hines
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - V Iyer
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - V K S Kashyap
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - M H Kelsey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Kubik
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - N A Kurinsky
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M Litke
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - B Loer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N Mast
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A J Mayer
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - H Meyer Zu Theenhausen
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - É Michaud
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - E Michielin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B Mohanty
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - B Nebolsky
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - J Nelson
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - H Neog
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Novati
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - J L Orrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M D Osborne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S M Oser
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - W A Page
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Pandey
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - S Pandey
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D S Pedreros
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - L Perna
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - R Podviianiuk
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - F Ponce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Pradeep
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Rau
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - E Reid
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R Ren
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - T Reynolds
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - E Tanner
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - A E Robinson
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D Sadek
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S P Sahoo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - I Saikia
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Sattari
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - B Schmidt
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Scorza
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
- Laurentian University, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S S Poudel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D J Sincavage
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - P Sinervo
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Z Speaks
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Street
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - H Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G D Terry
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - F K Thasrawala
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Toback
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R Underwood
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Verma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A N Villano
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - B von Krosigk
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S L Watkins
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - O Wen
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Williams
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M J Wilson
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - J Winchell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - K Wykoff
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - T C Yu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Zatschler
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - S Zatschler
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - A Zaytsev
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - A Zeolla
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - L Zheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Y Zheng
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - A Zuniga
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - P An
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S C Hedges
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Zhang Y, Dong Y, Wei Q, Zhuang Z, Liu Y, Yuan Q, He W, Jing Z, Li J, Li P, Zhang L, Hong Z, Zhang N, Wang H, Li W. miR-126 mitigates the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by targeting the ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 pathways. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:449-459. [PMID: 36942990 PMCID: PMC10160225 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) are a promising cell source for bone engineering owing to their high potential to differentiate into osteoblasts. The objective of the present study is to assess microRNA-126 (miR-126) and examine its effects on the osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs. In this study, we investigate the role of miR-126 in the progression of osteogenic differentiation (OD) as well as the apoptosis and inflammation of hBMMSCs during OD induction. OD is induced in hBMMSCs, and matrix mineralization along with other OD-associated markers are evaluated by Alizarin Red S (AR) staining and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Gain- and loss-of-function studies are performed to demonstrate the role of miR-126 in the OD of hBMMSCs. Flow cytometry and qPCR-based cytokine expression studies are performed to investigate the effect of miR-126 on the apoptosis and inflammation of hBMMSCs. The results indicate that miR-126 expression is downregulated during the OD of hBMMSCs. Gain- and loss-of function assays reveal that miR-126 upregulation inhibits the differentiation of hBMMSCs into osteoblasts, whereas the downregulation of miR-126 promotes hBMMSC differentiation, as assessed by the determination of osteogenic genes and alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, the miR-126 level is positively correlated with the production of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic cell death. Additionally, our results suggest that miR-126 negatively regulates not only B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression but also the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2. Moreover, restoring ERK1/2 activity and upregulating Bcl-2 expression counteract the miR-126-mediated suppression of OD in hBMMSCs by promoting inflammation and apoptosis, respectively. Overall, our findings suggest a novel molecular mechanism relevant to the differentiation of hBMMSCs into osteoblasts, which can potentially facilitate bone formation by counteracting miR-126-mediated suppression of ERK1/2 activity and Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471002, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yiping Dong
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510240, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510240, China
| | - Zhikun Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Youwen Liu
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471002, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510240, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510240, China
| | - Zhenhao Jing
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jitian Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471002, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471002, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471002, China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510240, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510240, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wuyin Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471002, China
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Hong Z, Joiner DW, Atik A. Removal of Hydrus® microstent due to uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:413. [PMID: 36801113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - D W Joiner
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Callahan Eye Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A Atik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Alabama at Birmingham Callahan Eye Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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He F, Wang Y, Tao X, Zhu M, Hong Z, Bian Z, Ma J. [Low-dose helical CT projection data restoration using noise estimation]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:849-859. [PMID: 35790435 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To build a helical CT projection data restoration model at random low-dose levels. METHODS We used a noise estimation module to achieve noise estimation and obtained a low-dose projection noise variance map, which was used to guide projection data recovery by the projection data restoration module. A filtering back-projection algorithm (FBP) was finally used to reconstruct the images. The 3D wavelet group residual dense network (3DWGRDN) was adopted to build the network architecture of the noise estimation and projection data restoration module using asymmetric loss and total variational regularization. For validation of the model, 1/10 and 1/15 of normal dose helical CT images were restored using the proposed model and 3 other restoration models (IRLNet, REDCNN and MWResNet), and the results were visually and quantitatively compared. RESULTS Quantitative comparisons of the restored images showed that the proposed helical CT projection data restoration model increased the structural similarity index by 5.79% to 17.46% compared with the other restoration algorithms (P < 0.05). The image quality scores of the proposed method rated by clinical radiologists ranged from 7.19% to 17.38%, significantly higher than the other restoration algorithms (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The proposed method can effectively suppress noises and reduce artifacts in the projection data at different low-dose levels while preserving the integrity of the edges and fine details of the reconstructed CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- F He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, 510330, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, 510330, China
| | - X Tao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - M Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, 510330, China
| | - Z Hong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, 510330, China
| | - Z Bian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - J Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Kuns K, Kuo C, Kuo HS, Kuromiya Y, Kuroyanagi S, Kusayanagi K, Kuwahara S, Kwak K, Lagabbe P, Laghi D, Lalande E, Lam T, Lamberts A, Landry M, Lane B, Lang R, Lange J, Lantz B, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky P, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche Y, Lee H, Lee H, Lee H, Lee J, Lee K, Lee R, Lehmann J, Lemaître A, Leonardi M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levesque C, Levin Y, Leviton J, Leyde K, Li A, Li B, Li J, Li K, Li T, Li X, Lin CY, Lin FK, Lin FL, Lin H, Lin LCC, Linde F, Linker S, Linley J, Littenberg T, Liu G, Liu J, Liu K, Liu X, Llamas F, Llorens-Monteagudo M, Lo R, Lockwood A, London L, Longo A, Lopez D, Portilla ML, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lott T, Lough J, Lousto C, Lovelace G, Lucaccioni J, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren A, Luo LW, Lynam J, Macas R, MacInnis M, Macleod D, MacMillan I, Macquet A, Hernandez IM, Magazzù C, Magee R, Maggiore R, Magnozzi M, Mahesh S, Majorana E, Makarem C, Maksimovic I, Maliakal S, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mango J, Mansell G, Manske M, Mantovani M, Mapelli M, Marchesoni F, Marchio M, Marion F, Mark Z, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan A, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin I, Martin R, Martinez M, Martinez V, Martinez V, Martinovic K, Martynov D, Marx E, Masalehdan H, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger T, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Mateu-Lucena M, Matichard F, Matiushechkina M, Mavalvala N, McCann J, McCarthy R, McClelland D, McClincy P, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGhee G, McGuire S, McIsaac C, McIver J, McRae T, McWilliams S, Meacher D, Mehmet M, Mehta A, Meijer Q, Melatos A, Melchor D, Mendell G, Menendez-Vazquez A, Menoni C, Mercer R, Mereni L, Merfeld K, Merilh E, Merritt J, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers P, Meylahn F, Mhaske A, Miani A, Miao H, Michaloliakos I, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Milano L, Miller A, Miller A, Miller B, Millhouse M, Mills J, Milotti E, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mir L, Miravet-Tenés M, Mishra C, Mishra T, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov V, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki Y, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Moguel E, Mogushi K, Mohapatra S, Mohite S, Molina I, Molina-Ruiz M, Mondin M, Montani M, Moore C, Moraru D, Morawski F, More A, Moreno C. All-sky, all-frequency directional search for persistent gravitational waves from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s first three observing runs. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhang Y, Jing Z, Cao X, Wei Q, He W, Zhang N, Liu Y, Yuan Q, Zhuang Z, Dong Y, Hong Z, Li J, Li P, Zhang L, Wang H, Li W. SOCS1, the feedback regulator of STAT1/3, inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2022; 821:146190. [PMID: 35124149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our study showed that Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 phosphorylation was firstly upregulated in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation (OD), and quickly eliminated in hours. Following with phosphorylation of STAT1/3, its downstream feedback regulator Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein also underwent a quick elevation. Further activation and deactivation of STAT1/3, by administrated with Colivelin and Nifuroxazide in Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), increased and decreased SOCS1 expression, inhibited and promoted OD of BMSCs, respectively, as evidenced by Alizarin staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and determination of Run-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osteocalcin (OCN), ALP, and Bone sialoprotein (BSP). In addition, administration of Colivelin and Nifuroxazide caused and blocked inflammation and apoptosis of BMSCs. To further elucidate the role of STAT1/3-SOCS1 regulatory loop on OD of BMSCs, we overexpressed or silenced SOCS1 in BMSCs during OD. WB data showed that overexpression of SOCS1 repressed STAT1/3 phosphorylation, and knockdown of SOCS1 increased the phosphorylated STAT1/3. Further mechanism study showed that OD of BMSCs was elevated or reduced by SOCS1 overexpression or knockdown, respectively. The findings presenting indicated that the STAT1/3-SOCS1 axis may be exploited as an innovative strategy to enhance osteogenesis in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
| | - Zhenhao Jing
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Xiangyang Cao
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China.
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 410208, China.
| | - Youwen Liu
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Zhikun Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
| | - Yipping Dong
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China.
| | - Jitian Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Peifeng Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Haibin Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
| | - Wuyin Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
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Fen P, Hong Z, Qi X. W061 Outbreak of NDM-5 producing carbapenem-resistant klebsiella aerogenes among neonates. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Yang F, Deng X, Xin P, Hong Z, Pang F, He W, Wei Q, Li Z. The Value of the Frog Lateral View Radiograph for Detecting Collapse of Femur Head Necrosis: A Retrospective Study of 1001 Cases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:811644. [PMID: 35425771 PMCID: PMC9001973 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.811644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The collapse in femur head necrosis is generally detected by CT or MRI which are not primary routine examination at every follow-up in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability of the frog lateral view radiograph in detecting the collapse of femoral head. Methods We retrospectively included 1001 hips of 620 patients with femur head necrosis. The anteroposterior view and frog lateral view of X-ray standard radiographs, CT and MRI of patients were collected and simultaneously evaluated by three orthopedists to evaluate the condition of collapse according to the unified standard. The inter-observer reliability of each view of X-ray for detecting the collapse were analyzed through the weighted Cohen's kappa index. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of each evaluation method were also calculated. Results A moderate or substantial reliability was indicated in the evaluation of frog lateral view radiograph, whereas the anteroposterior view only showed fair or poor reliability. Using the CT or MRI results of collapse as the gold standard, the frog lateral view indicated higher sensitivity and accuracy than the anteroposterior view (sensitivity: 82.8 vs. 64.9%; accuracy: 87.1 vs. 73.9%). The combination of the anteroposterior view and frog lateral view indicated higher reliability than individual views. Conclusion The frog lateral view radiograph has higher sensitivity and accuracy than anteroposterior view. It is a complementary method to AP view for detecting the collapse in femur head necrosis during the follow-up, which has moderate or substantial inter-observer reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Deng
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Xin
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Aaltonen T, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Annovi A, Antos J, Apollinari G, Appel JA, Arisawa T, Artikov A, Asaadi J, Ashmanskas W, Auerbach B, Aurisano A, Azfar F, Badgett W, Bae T, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barnes VE, Barnett BA, Barria P, Bartos P, Bauce M, Bedeschi F, Behari S, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Bhatti A, Bland KR, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Bortoletto D, Boudreau J, Boveia A, Brigliadori L, Bromberg C, Brucken E, Budagov J, Budd HS, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Butti P, Buzatu A, Calamba A, Camarda S, Campanelli M, Carls B, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carrillo S, Casal B, Casarsa M, Castro A, Catastini P, Cauz D, Cavaliere V, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chen YC, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Cho K, Chokheli D, Clark A, Clarke C, Convery ME, Conway J, Corbo M, Cordelli M, Cox CA, Cox DJ, Cremonesi M, Cruz D, Cuevas J, Culbertson R, d'Ascenzo N, Datta M, de Barbaro P, Demortier L, Deninno M, D'Errico M, Devoto F, Di Canto A, Di Ruzza B, Dittmann JR, Donati S, D'Onofrio M, Dorigo M, Driutti A, Ebina K, Edgar R, Elagin A, Erbacher R, Errede S, Esham B, Farrington S, Fernández Ramos JP, Field R, Flanagan G, Forrest R, Franklin M, Freeman JC, Frisch H, Funakoshi Y, Galloni C, Garfinkel AF, Garosi P, Gerberich H, Gerchtein E, Giagu S, Giakoumopoulou V, Gibson K, Ginsburg CM, Giokaris N, Giromini P, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gold M, Goldin D, Golossanov A, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, González López O, Gorelov I, Goshaw AT, Goulianos K, Gramellini E, Grosso-Pilcher C, Guimaraes da Costa J, Hahn SR, Han JY, Happacher F, Hara K, Hare M, Harr RF, Harrington-Taber T, Hatakeyama K, Hays C, Heinrich J, Herndon M, Hocker A, Hong Z, Hopkins W, Hou S, Hughes RE, Husemann U, Hussein M, Huston J, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ivanov A, James E, Jang D, Jayatilaka B, Jeon EJ, Jindariani S, Jones M, Joo KK, Jun SY, Junk TR, Kambeitz M, Kamon T, Karchin PE, Kasmi A, Kato Y, Ketchum W, Keung J, Kilminster B, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Kim SB, Kim YJ, Kim YK, Kimura N, Kirby M, Kondo K, Kong DJ, Konigsberg J, Kotwal AV, Kreps M, Kroll J, Kruse M, Kuhr T, Kurata M, Laasanen AT, Lammel S, Lancaster M, Lannon K, Latino G, Lee HS, Lee JS, Leo S, Leone S, Lewis JD, Limosani A, Lipeles E, Lister A, Liu Q, Liu T, Lockwitz S, Loginov A, Lucchesi D, Lucà A, Lueck J, Lujan P, Lukens P, Lungu G, Lys J, Lysak R, Madrak R, Maestro P, Malik S, Manca G, Manousakis-Katsikakis A, Marchese L, Margaroli F, Marino P, Matera K, Mattson ME, Mazzacane A, Mazzanti P, McNulty R, Mehta A, Mehtala P, Menzione A, Mesropian C, Miao T, Michielin E, Mietlicki D, Mitra A, Miyake H, Moed S, Moggi N, Moon CS, Moore R, Morello MJ, Mukherjee A, Muller T, Murat P, Mussini M, Nachtman J, Nagai Y, Naganoma J, Nakano I, Napier A, Nett J, Nigmanov T, Nodulman L, Noh SY, Norniella O, Oakes L, Oh SH, Oh YD, Okusawa T, Orava R, Ortolan L, Pagliarone C, Palencia E, Palni P, Papadimitriou V, Parker W, Pauletta G, Paulini M, Paus C, Phillips TJ, Piacentino G, Pianori E, Pilot J, Pitts K, Plager C, Pondrom L, Poprocki S, Potamianos K, Pranko A, Prokoshin F, Ptohos F, Punzi G, Redondo Fernández I, Renton P, Rescigno M, Rimondi F, Ristori L, Robson A, Rodriguez T, Rolli S, Ronzani M, Roser R, Rosner JL, Ruffini F, Ruiz A, Russ J, Rusu V, Sakumoto WK, Sakurai Y, Santi L, Sato K, Saveliev V, Savoy-Navarro A, Schlabach P, Schmidt EE, Schwarz T, Scodellaro L, Scuri F, Seidel S, Seiya Y, Semenov A, Sforza F, Shalhout SZ, Shears T, Shepard PF, Shimojima M, Shochet M, Shreyber-Tecker I, Simonenko A, Sliwa K, Smith JR, Snider FD, Song H, Sorin V, St Denis R, Stancari M, Stentz D, Strologas J, Sudo Y, Sukhanov A, Suslov I, Takemasa K, Takeuchi Y, Tang J, Tecchio M, Teng PK, Thom J, Thomson E, Thukral V, Toback D, Tokar S, Tollefson K, Tomura T, Torre S, Torretta D, Totaro P, Trovato M, Ukegawa F, Uozumi S, Vázquez F, Velev G, Vellidis K, Vernieri C, Vidal M, Vilar R, Vizán J, Vogel M, Volpi G, Wagner P, Wallny R, Wang SM, Waters D, Wester WC, Whiteson D, Wicklund AB, Wilbur S, Williams HH, Wilson JS, Wilson P, Winer BL, Wittich P, Wolbers S, Wolfmeister H, Wright T, Wu X, Wu Z, Yamamoto K, Yamato D, Yang T, Yang UK, Yang YC, Yao WM, Yeh GP, Yi K, Yoh J, Yorita K, Yoshida T, Yu GB, Yu I, Zanetti AM, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Zucchelli S. High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector. Science 2022; 376:170-176. [PMID: 35389814 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The mass of the W boson, a mediator of the weak force between elementary particles, is tightly constrained by the symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. The Higgs boson was the last missing component of the model. After observation of the Higgs boson, a measurement of the W boson mass provides a stringent test of the model. We measure the W boson mass, MW, using data corresponding to 8.8 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a 1.96 tera-electron volt center-of-mass energy with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. A sample of approximately 4 million W boson candidates is used to obtain [Formula: see text], the precision of which exceeds that of all previous measurements combined (stat, statistical uncertainty; syst, systematic uncertainty; MeV, mega-electron volts; c, speed of light in a vacuum). This measurement is in significant tension with the standard model expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Aaltonen
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Amerio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Amidei
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Anastassov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - A Annovi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Antos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - G Apollinari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J A Appel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - A Artikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - J Asaadi
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - W Ashmanskas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - B Auerbach
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - A Aurisano
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - F Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - W Badgett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - T Bae
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - A Barbaro-Galtieri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - V E Barnes
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - B A Barnett
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - P Barria
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - P Bartos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - M Bauce
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Bedeschi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Behari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Bellettini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Bellinger
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - A Beretvas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - A Bhatti
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - K R Bland
- Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - B Blumenfeld
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - A Bocci
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - A Bodek
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - D Bortoletto
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J Boudreau
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - A Boveia
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - L Brigliadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - E Brucken
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Budagov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - H S Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - K Burkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Busetto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Bussey
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - P Butti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Buzatu
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - A Calamba
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - S Camarda
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - B Carls
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - D Carlsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - R Carosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Carrillo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - B Casal
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Casarsa
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Castro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Catastini
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D Cauz
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - V Cavaliere
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A Cerri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - L Cerrito
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Y C Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - M Chertok
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - G Chiarelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Chlachidze
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Cho
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - D Chokheli
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - A Clark
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - C Clarke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - M E Convery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Conway
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Corbo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Cordelli
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C A Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - D J Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Cremonesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Cruz
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - J Cuevas
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - R Culbertson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - N d'Ascenzo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Datta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P de Barbaro
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - L Demortier
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Deninno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M D'Errico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Devoto
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Di Canto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Di Ruzza
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - S Donati
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M D'Onofrio
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - M Dorigo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Driutti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - K Ebina
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - R Edgar
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Elagin
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R Erbacher
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S Errede
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B Esham
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - J P Fernández Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Field
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G Flanagan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - R Forrest
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Franklin
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J C Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - H Frisch
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - C Galloni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - P Garosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Gerberich
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - E Gerchtein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Giagu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Giakoumopoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - K Gibson
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - C M Ginsburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - N Giokaris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - P Giromini
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Glagolev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - D Glenzinski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - D Goldin
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - A Golossanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Gomez
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | | | - M Goncharov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - O González López
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Gorelov
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - K Goulianos
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - E Gramellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Grosso-Pilcher
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - S R Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Y Han
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - F Happacher
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - K Hara
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Hare
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - R F Harr
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | - C Hays
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - J Heinrich
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Herndon
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Hocker
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - W Hopkins
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Hou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - R E Hughes
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - U Husemann
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - M Hussein
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J Huston
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - G Introzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.,University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M Iori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy.,Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Ivanov
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - E James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D Jang
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - B Jayatilaka
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E J Jeon
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S Jindariani
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Jones
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - K K Joo
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S Y Jun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - T R Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Kambeitz
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Kamon
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - P E Karchin
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - A Kasmi
- Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Y Kato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - W Ketchum
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - J Keung
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - B Kilminster
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D H Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J E Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S H Kim
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S B Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - N Kimura
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Kondo
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - D J Kong
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J Konigsberg
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - M Kreps
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kroll
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Kruse
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - T Kuhr
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kurata
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A T Laasanen
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S Lammel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Lancaster
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - K Lannon
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - G Latino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S Leo
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - S Leone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Lewis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - E Lipeles
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Lister
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Q Liu
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - T Liu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Lockwitz
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - A Loginov
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - D Lucchesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Lucà
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.,Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Lueck
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Lujan
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Lungu
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Lys
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R Lysak
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - R Madrak
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Malik
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - G Manca
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | | | - L Marchese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Margaroli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Marino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - K Matera
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M E Mattson
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - A Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Mazzanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - R McNulty
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - A Mehta
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - P Mehtala
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Menzione
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Mesropian
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E Michielin
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Mietlicki
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Mitra
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - H Miyake
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Moed
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - N Moggi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C S Moon
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - R Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M J Morello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Mukherjee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Th Muller
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Murat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Mussini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Nachtman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Y Nagai
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | | | - I Nakano
- Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - A Napier
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - J Nett
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - T Nigmanov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - L Nodulman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - S Y Noh
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - O Norniella
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - L Oakes
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - S H Oh
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Y D Oh
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - T Okusawa
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - R Orava
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Ortolan
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - C Pagliarone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Palencia
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - P Palni
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - V Papadimitriou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - W Parker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - G Pauletta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Paulini
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - C Paus
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - G Piacentino
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E Pianori
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Pilot
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K Pitts
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C Plager
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - L Pondrom
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Poprocki
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Potamianos
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Pranko
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - F Prokoshin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - F Ptohos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Punzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Redondo Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Renton
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - M Rescigno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Rimondi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Ristori
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Robson
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - T Rodriguez
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S Rolli
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - M Ronzani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Roser
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J L Rosner
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - F Ruffini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Russ
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - V Rusu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - W K Sakumoto
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | - L Santi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - K Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - V Saveliev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - A Savoy-Navarro
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E E Schmidt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - T Schwarz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L Scodellaro
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - F Scuri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Seidel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Y Seiya
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - A Semenov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - F Sforza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Z Shalhout
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - T Shears
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - P F Shepard
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - M Shimojima
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Shochet
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - I Shreyber-Tecker
- Institution for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - A Simonenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - K Sliwa
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - J R Smith
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - F D Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - H Song
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - V Sorin
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D Stentz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Strologas
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Y Sudo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A Sukhanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - I Suslov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - K Takemasa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Y Takeuchi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - J Tang
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Tecchio
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P K Teng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - J Thom
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E Thomson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - V Thukral
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - D Toback
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - S Tokar
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - K Tollefson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - T Tomura
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Torre
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - D Torretta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Totaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Trovato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ukegawa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Uozumi
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - F Vázquez
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G Velev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Vellidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - C Vernieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Vidal
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - R Vilar
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Vizán
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Vogel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - G Volpi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Wagner
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R Wallny
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S M Wang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - D Waters
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - W C Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D Whiteson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A B Wicklund
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - S Wilbur
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - H H Williams
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P Wilson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - B L Winer
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - P Wittich
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - T Wright
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - X Wu
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Z Wu
- Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - K Yamamoto
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - D Yamato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - U K Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y C Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - W-M Yao
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G P Yeh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Yi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Yoh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Yorita
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - G B Yu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - I Yu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - A M Zanetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Y Zeng
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - C Zhou
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - S Zucchelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Low DJ, Hong Z, Mukherjee A, Jugnundan S, Grover S. A120 AUTOMATED BOWEL PREPARATION DETECTION WITH DEEP. CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859219 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Introduction: Bowel preparation inadequacy has been shown to increase post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. As such, the USMSTF recommends repeating colonoscopy within 1 year if bowel preparation is inadequate. However, bowel preparation documentation is variable in clinical practice, and physician recommendations adherent to USMTF guidelines are inconsistent. Aims Aims: We present an automated computer assisted method using deep convolutional neural networks to detect bowel preparation and adequacy of bowel preparation with the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Methods Methods: We extracted 38523 images of colonic lumen between 2015 and 2017 from screening colonoscopies. Bowel preparation scores were assessed with BBPS. Adequate bowel preparation was defined as BBPS ≥2, and inadequate bowel preparation was defined as BBPS <2. The dataset was split into 26966 images for training, 7704 for validation, and 3853 for testing. Training data was sampled with replacement from a multinomial distribution to balance subclass distributions in each batch. We developed 2 convoluted neural networks (CNN) using PyTorch with a Densenet-169 backbone pre-trained on ImageNet and fine-tuned on our data for classifying adequacy of bowel preparation (binary) and for subclassification of BBPS (multi-class). We used Adam optimiser with an initial learning rate of 3x10-4 and a scheduler to decay the learning rate of each parameter group by 0.1 every 7 epochs along with focal loss as our criterion for both classifiers. Results Results: The overall accuracy on the test data set for BBPS subclassification was 0.91. The sensitivity for BBPS 0, 1, 2 and 3 were 0.84, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.96, respectively. The specificity for BBPS 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 1.00, 0.98, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. The overall accuracy of the test data set for adequacy of bowel preparation was 0.97. The sensitivity for adequacy of bowel preparation for BBPS <2 and BBPS ≥2 was 0.92 and 0.99, respectively. The specificity for adequacy of bowel preparation for BBPS <2 and BBPS ≥2 was 0.99 and 0.92, respectively. Conclusions Conclusion: We present an automated computer-assisted detection method of bowel preparation with deep convolutional neural networks. The algorithm is capable of accurate classification of adequacy of bowel preparation (97%) and subclassification of bowel preparation (91%) with high sensitivity and specificity. This algorithm can be applied to automate documentation of bowel preparation and adequacy of bowel preparation. Additional studies will need to be conducted to demonstrate its applicability in real-time colonoscopy. Funding Agencies None
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Low
- Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z Hong
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - A Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - S Jugnundan
- Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Grover
- Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Zhang Y, Yuan Q, Wei Q, Li P, Zhuang Z, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Hong Z, He W, Wang H, Li W. Long noncoding RNA XIST modulates microRNA-135/CREB1 axis to influence osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast-like cells in mice with tibial fracture healing. Hum Cell 2022; 35:133-149. [PMID: 34635983 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a complex event with the involvement of many cell systems, cytokines, as well as mRNAs. Herein, we report the interactions among long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST)/microRNA-135 (miR-135)/cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) axis during fracture healing. We observed increased expression of XIST in patients with long-term unhealed fracture by microarray analysis. Subsequently, a mouse model with tibial fracture and a cell model using osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells were generated. The XIST overexpression during fracture healing decreased proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, while silencing of XIST facilitated MC3T3-E1 cell growth. Furthermore, miR-135 targeted CREB1 and negatively regulated its expression. XIST acted as a sponge for miR-135, thereby upregulating CREB1 and promoting the activity of the TNF-α/RANKL pathway. Transfection of miR-135 inhibitor or CREB1 overexpression blocked the stimulating effects of XIST knockdown on MC3T3-E1 cell growth. Besides, specific inhibitors of the TNF-α/RANKL pathway reversed the repressive role of XIST in cell osteogenic differentiation. All in all, these findings suggest that XIST knockdown induces the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells via regulation of the miR-135/CREB1/TNF-α/RANKL axis. XIST, as a consequence, represents an attractive therapeutic strategy to accelerate fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), No.82, Qiming South Road, Fuhe District, Luoyang, 471002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), No.82, Qiming South Road, Fuhe District, Luoyang, 471002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Luoyang Graduate Training Department, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510240, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), No.82, Qiming South Road, Fuhe District, Luoyang, 471002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikun Zhuang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), No.82, Qiming South Road, Fuhe District, Luoyang, 471002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), No.82, Qiming South Road, Fuhe District, Luoyang, 471002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), No.82, Qiming South Road, Fuhe District, Luoyang, 471002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510240, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510240, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wuyin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), No.82, Qiming South Road, Fuhe District, Luoyang, 471002, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Li Z, Zhuang Z, Hong Z, Chen L, He W, Wei Q. Avascular necrosis after femoral neck fracture in children and adolescents: poor prognosis and risk factors. Int Orthop 2021; 45:2899-2907. [PMID: 34549321 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-021-05210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Avascular necrosis (AVN) after femoral neck fracture (FNF) is a rare and severe paediatric condition, but only few studies described its prognosis and risk factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and independent factors for poor prognosis of AVN after FNF in children and adolescents. METHOD This retrospective study included children and adolescents with AVN after FNF who received conservative treatment (CT group) or non-vascularized bone grafting (NVBG group) between 2000 and 2018. The primary outcomes were the risk of hip arthritis (Tönnis grade) and hip deformity risk (Stulberg classification). All patients were followed for at least two years to assess AVN progression. RESULTS Study included 81 patients. In the CT group, 23/43 patients (53.4%) developed hip arthritis, and 24/43 patients (55.8%) showed hip deformity. In the NVBG group, 23/38 patients (60.5%) developed hip arthritis, and 34/38 patients (89.5%) had a hip deformity. The multivariable analysis indicated that NVBG surgery had no significant effect on the outcomes. Post-treatment femoral head collapse (P = 0.05, OR = 3.80, 95% CI = 1.01-14.29) and post-treatment hip subluxation (P = 0.01, OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 2.31-129.56) were independent risk factors for severe hip arthritis. Post-treatment femoral head collapse (P < 0.01, OR = 7.64, 95% CI = 3.23-18.04) and pre-treatment hip subluxation (P = 0.02, OR = 7.33, 95% CI = 1.44-37.41) were independent risk factors for severe hip deformity. CONCLUSION Neither CT nor NVBG have demonstrated superiority regarding long-term outcomes in patients with AVN after FNF. Upon the disease progression to severe collapse with subluxation and severe arthritis, further hip preservation attempts could be futile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Li
- Department of Joint Diseases, Traumatology & Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhikun Zhuang
- Quanzhou Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Department of Joint Diseases, Traumatology & Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Joint Diseases, Traumatology & Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Joint Diseases, Traumatology & Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Department of Joint Diseases, Traumatology & Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Alkhatib I, Amaral DWP, Aralis T, Aramaki T, Arnquist IJ, Ataee Langroudy I, Azadbakht E, Banik S, Barker D, Bathurst C, Bauer DA, Bezerra LVS, Bhattacharyya R, Bowles MA, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Calkins R, Cameron RA, Cartaro C, Cerdeño DG, Chang YY, Chaudhuri M, Chen R, Chott N, Cooley J, Coombes H, Corbett J, Cushman P, De Brienne F, di Vacri ML, Diamond MD, Fascione E, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Fink CW, Fouts K, Fritts M, Gerbier G, Germond R, Ghaith M, Golwala SR, Harris HR, Hines BA, Hollister MI, Hong Z, Hoppe EW, Hsu L, Huber ME, Iyer V, Jardin D, Jastram A, Kashyap VKS, Kelsey MH, Kubik A, Kurinsky NA, Lawrence RE, Li A, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, MacFarlane DB, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Mast N, Mayer AJ, Meyer Zu Theenhausen H, Michaud ÉM, Michielin E, Mirabolfathi N, Mohanty B, Morales Mendoza JD, Nagorny S, Nelson J, Neog H, Novati V, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Page WA, Partridge R, Podviianiuk R, Ponce F, Poudel S, Pradeep A, Pyle M, Rau W, Reid E, Ren R, Reynolds T, Roberts A, Robinson AE, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Sattari A, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Serfass B, Sincavage DJ, Stanford C, Street J, Toback D, Underwood R, Verma S, Villano AN, von Krosigk B, Watkins SL, Wilson JS, Wilson MJ, Winchell J, Wright DH, Yellin S, Young BA, Yu TC, Zhang E, Zhang HG, Zhao X, Zheng L. Constraints on Lightly Ionizing Particles from CDMSlite. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:081802. [PMID: 34477436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) achieved efficient detection of very small recoil energies in its germanium target, resulting in sensitivity to lightly ionizing particles (LIPs) in a previously unexplored region of charge, mass, and velocity parameter space. We report first direct-detection limits calculated using the optimum interval method on the vertical intensity of cosmogenically produced LIPs with an electric charge smaller than e/(3×10^{5}), as well as the strongest limits for charge ≤e/160, with a minimum vertical intensity of 1.36×10^{-7} cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} at charge e/160. These results apply over a wide range of LIP masses (5 MeV/c^{2} to 100 TeV/c^{2}) and cover a wide range of βγ values (0.1-10^{6}), thus excluding nonrelativistic LIPs with βγ as small as 0.1 for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alkhatib
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - D W P Amaral
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - T Aralis
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Aramaki
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, D.C. 99352, USA
| | - I Ataee Langroudy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - E Azadbakht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S Banik
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - D Barker
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Bathurst
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L V S Bezerra
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M A Bowles
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, D.C. 99352, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Calkins
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - R A Cameron
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D G Cerdeño
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y-Y Chang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Chaudhuri
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - R Chen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - N Chott
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Coombes
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Corbett
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - F De Brienne
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M L di Vacri
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, D.C. 99352, USA
| | - M D Diamond
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - E Fascione
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - C W Fink
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Fouts
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Fritts
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Gerbier
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Germond
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ghaith
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H R Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B A Hines
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - M I Hollister
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, D.C. 99352, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - V Iyer
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - D Jardin
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - A Jastram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V K S Kashyap
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - M H Kelsey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Kubik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N A Kurinsky
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R E Lawrence
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - B Loer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, D.C. 99352, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Mast
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A J Mayer
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - É M Michaud
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - E Michielin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B Mohanty
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S Nagorny
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J Nelson
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - H Neog
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Novati
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - J L Orrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, D.C. 99352, USA
| | - S M Oser
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - W A Page
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Podviianiuk
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - F Ponce
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Pradeep
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Rau
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - E Reid
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R Ren
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - T Reynolds
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - A E Robinson
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Sattari
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Scorza
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
- Laurentian University, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D J Sincavage
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Stanford
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Street
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - D Toback
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R Underwood
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Verma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A N Villano
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - B von Krosigk
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S L Watkins
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M J Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Winchell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - T C Yu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - H G Zhang
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - L Zheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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15
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Alkhatib I, Amaral DWP, Aralis T, Aramaki T, Arnquist IJ, Ataee Langroudy I, Azadbakht E, Banik S, Barker D, Bathurst C, Bauer DA, Bezerra LVS, Bhattacharyya R, Binder T, Bowles MA, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Calkins R, Cameron RA, Cartaro C, Cerdeño DG, Chang YY, Chaudhuri M, Chen R, Chott N, Cooley J, Coombes H, Corbett J, Cushman P, De Brienne F, di Vacri ML, Diamond MD, Fascione E, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Fink CW, Fouts K, Fritts M, Gerbier G, Germond R, Ghaith M, Golwala SR, Harris HR, Herbert N, Hines BA, Hollister MI, Hong Z, Hoppe EW, Hsu L, Huber ME, Iyer V, Jardin D, Jastram A, Kashyap VKS, Kelsey MH, Kubik A, Kurinsky NA, Lawrence RE, Li A, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, MacDonell D, MacFarlane DB, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Mast N, Mayer AJ, Meyer Zu Theenhausen H, Michaud ÉM, Michielin E, Mirabolfathi N, Mohanty B, Morales Mendoza JD, Nagorny S, Nelson J, Neog H, Novati V, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Page WA, Pakarha P, Partridge R, Podviianiuk R, Ponce F, Poudel S, Pyle M, Rau W, Reid E, Ren R, Reynolds T, Roberts A, Robinson AE, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Sattari A, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Serfass B, Sincavage DJ, Stanford C, Street J, Toback D, Underwood R, Verma S, Villano AN, von Krosigk B, Watkins SL, Wills L, Wilson JS, Wilson MJ, Winchell J, Wright DH, Yellin S, Young BA, Yu TC, Zhang E, Zhang HG, Zhao X, Zheng L, Camilleri J, Kolomensky YG, Zuber S. Light Dark Matter Search with a High-Resolution Athermal Phonon Detector Operated above Ground. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:061801. [PMID: 34420312 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present limits on spin-independent dark matter-nucleon interactions using a 10.6 g Si athermal phonon detector with a baseline energy resolution of σ_{E}=3.86±0.04(stat)_{-0.00}^{+0.19}(syst) eV. This exclusion analysis sets the most stringent dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section limits achieved by a cryogenic detector for dark matter particle masses from 93 to 140 MeV/c^{2}, with a raw exposure of 9.9 g d acquired at an above-ground facility. This work illustrates the scientific potential of detectors with athermal phonon sensors with eV-scale energy resolution for future dark matter searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alkhatib
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - D W P Amaral
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - T Aralis
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Aramaki
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - I Ataee Langroudy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - E Azadbakht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S Banik
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - D Barker
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Bathurst
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L V S Bezerra
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T Binder
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M A Bowles
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Calkins
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - R A Cameron
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D G Cerdeño
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y-Y Chang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Chaudhuri
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - R Chen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - N Chott
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Coombes
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Corbett
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - F De Brienne
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M L di Vacri
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M D Diamond
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - E Fascione
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - C W Fink
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Fouts
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Fritts
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Gerbier
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Germond
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ghaith
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H R Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N Herbert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B A Hines
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - M I Hollister
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - V Iyer
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - D Jardin
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - A Jastram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V K S Kashyap
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - M H Kelsey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Kubik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N A Kurinsky
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R E Lawrence
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - B Loer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D MacDonell
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Mast
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A J Mayer
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - É M Michaud
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - E Michielin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B Mohanty
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S Nagorny
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J Nelson
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - H Neog
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Novati
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J L Orrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S M Oser
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - W A Page
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Pakarha
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Podviianiuk
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - F Ponce
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Rau
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - E Reid
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R Ren
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - T Reynolds
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - A E Robinson
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Sattari
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Scorza
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D J Sincavage
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Stanford
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Street
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - D Toback
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R Underwood
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Verma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A N Villano
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - B von Krosigk
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S L Watkins
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Wills
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - J S Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M J Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Winchell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - T C Yu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - H G Zhang
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - L Zheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Camilleri
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Zuber
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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AB, Ying M, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoon A, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbott
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T D Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S Abraham
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - F Acernese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Ackley
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Adams
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Adams
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R X Adhikari
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V B Adya
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Affeldt
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Agarwal
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M Agathos
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Agatsuma
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N Aggarwal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - O D Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Aiello
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A Ain
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Ajith
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - T Akutsu
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - K M Aleman
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Allen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Allocca
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - P A Altin
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Amato
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Anand
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Ananyeva
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S B Anderson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W G Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Ando
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S V Angelova
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Ansoldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - J M Antelis
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Antier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - S Appert
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Koya Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Arai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Araki
- Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - A Araya
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - M C Araya
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J S Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Arène
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - N Aritomi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S M Aronson
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H Asada
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Y Asali
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - G Ashton
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Aso
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - S M Aston
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Astone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Aubin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - P Auclair
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Aufmuth
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K AultONeal
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - C Austin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S Babak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - F Badaracco
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M K M Bader
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bae
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Y Bae
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - A M Baer
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Bagnasco
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Y Bai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Baiotti
- International College, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - J Baird
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - R Bajpai
- School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Ball
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - G Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S W Ballmer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Bals
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - A Balsamo
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G Baltus
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - S Banagiri
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Bankar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - R S Bankar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - J C Barayoga
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Barbieri
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - B C Barish
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Barker
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Barneo
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - S Barnum
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Barone
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, "Chirurgia e Odontoiatria Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - B Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Barsotti
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Barsuglia
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - D Barta
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - J Bartlett
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M A Barton
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Bartos
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Bassiri
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Bawaj
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J C Bayley
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A C Baylor
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Bazzan
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B Bécsy
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - V M Bedakihale
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - M Bejger
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Belahcene
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Benedetto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - D Beniwal
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - M G Benjamin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - T F Bennett
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J D Bentley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M BenYaala
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Bergamin
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B K Berger
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Bernuzzi
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - A Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Betzwieser
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R Bhandare
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - A V Bhandari
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - D Bhattacharjee
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - S Bhaumik
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Bidler
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - I A Bilenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - G Billingsley
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Birney
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - O Birnholtz
- Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - S Biscans
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Bischi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Biscoveanu
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Bisht
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Biswas
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M Bitossi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M-A Bizouard
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - J K Blackburn
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Blackman
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C D Blair
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D G Blair
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - R M Blair
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Bobba
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Bode
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Boer
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G Bogaert
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Boldrini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Bondu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - E Bonilla
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Bonnand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - P Booker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B A Boom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Bork
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Boschi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - N Bose
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - S Bose
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V Bossilkov
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - V Boudart
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Y Bouffanais
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Bozzi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - P R Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A Bramley
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Branch
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Branchesi
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M Breschi
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J H Briggs
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Brillet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Brinkmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Brockill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A F Brooks
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Brooks
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D D Brown
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S Brunett
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Bruno
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R Bruntz
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Bryant
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Buikema
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H J Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Buonanno
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Buscicchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Buskulic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - L Cadonati
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Caesar
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - G Cagnoli
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Cahillane
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H W Cain
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Calderón Bustillo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J D Callaghan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T A Callister
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - E Calloni
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J B Camp
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Canepa
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Cannavacciuolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - K C Cannon
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Cao
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Z Cao
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - E Capocasa
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - E Capote
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Carapella
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J B Carlin
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M F Carney
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Carpinelli
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - G Carullo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T L Carver
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Casanueva Diaz
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Casentini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G Castaldi
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Caudill
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Cavaglià
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - F Cavalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Cerdá-Durán
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - E Cesarini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - W Chaibi
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - K Chakravarti
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Champion
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C-H Chan
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C Chan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C L Chan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - M Chan
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - K Chandra
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - P Chanial
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - P Charlton
- OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - E A Chase
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - E Chassande-Mottin
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - D Chatterjee
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - K Chatziioannou
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - A Chen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - C Chen
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - H Y Chen
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Chen
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - X Chen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y-B Chen
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y-R Chen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Z Chen
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - H Cheng
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C K Cheong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Cheung
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Chia
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Chiadini
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C-Y Chiang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - R Chierici
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - M L Chiofalo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cho
- Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - H S Cho
- Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - S Choate
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - R K Choudhary
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Choudhary
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Christensen
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - H Chu
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Q Chu
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y-K Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Chua
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K W Chung
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - G Ciani
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Ciecielag
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cieślar
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cifaldi
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A A Ciobanu
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R Ciolfi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - F Cipriano
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - A Cirone
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - F Clara
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E N Clark
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - J A Clark
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - L Clarke
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - P Clearwater
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S Clesse
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F Cleva
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Coccia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - P-F Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D E Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Cohen
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Colleoni
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C G Collette
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - M Colpi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C M Compton
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Conti
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S J Cooper
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Corban
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T R Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - I Cordero-Carrión
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - S Corezzi
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - K R Corley
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - D Corre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Corsi
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - S Cortese
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C A Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Cotesta
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M W Coughlin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S B Coughlin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J-P Coulon
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | | | - B Cousins
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Couvares
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P B Covas
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D M Coward
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M J Cowart
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D C Coyne
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Coyne
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - J D E Creighton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T D Creighton
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - A W Criswell
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Croquette
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S G Crowder
- Bellevue College, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
| | - J R Cudell
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - T J Cullen
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Cummings
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Cuoco
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Curyło
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Dal Canton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - G Dálya
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Dana
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L M DaneshgaranBajastani
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - B D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S L Danilishin
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - S D'Antonio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K Danzmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - A Dasgupta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - L E H Datrier
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Dave
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G S Davies
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Davis
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E J Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - R Dean
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - M Deenadayalan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - J Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M De Laurentis
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - V Del Favero
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F De Lillo
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - N De Lillo
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - W Del Pozzo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L M DeMarchi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - F De Matteis
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - V D'Emilio
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - N Demos
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Dent
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - A Depasse
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R De Pietri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C De Rossi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R DeSalvo
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - R De Simone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M C Díaz
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Diaz-Ortiz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N A Didio
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - T Dietrich
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Di Fronzo
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Di Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Di Giovanni
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - T Di Girolamo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Di Lieto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Ding
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - S Di Pace
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - I Di Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Di Renzo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A K Divakarla
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Dmitriev
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Z Doctor
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - L D'Onofrio
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Donovan
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K L Dooley
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Doravari
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - I Dorrington
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Drago
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - J C Driggers
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Drori
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J-G Ducoin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Dupej
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - O Durante
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - P-A Duverne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S E Dwyer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P J Easter
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Ebersold
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Eddolls
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B Edelman
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T B Edo
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - O Edy
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - A Effler
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Eguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - J Eichholz
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - M Eisenmann
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - R A Eisenstein
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ejlli
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Y Enomoto
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - L Errico
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R C Essick
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - H Estellés
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D Estevez
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Z Etienne
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - T Etzel
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Evans
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T M Evans
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B E Ewing
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - V Fafone
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - H Fair
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Fairhurst
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - X Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - A M Farah
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Farinon
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Farr
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - W M Farr
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - N W Farrow
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - E J Fauchon-Jones
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - M Fays
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M Fazio
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J Feicht
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M M Fejer
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - F Feng
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - E Fenyvesi
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem t'er 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - D L Ferguson
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Galiana
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - I Ferrante
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T A Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Fidecaro
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Figura
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fishbach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R P Fisher
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J M Fishner
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Fittipaldi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - V Fiumara
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - R Flaminio
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - E Floden
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Flynn
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - H Fong
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J A Font
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - B Fornal
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - P W F Forsyth
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Franke
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Frasca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Frasconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Z Frei
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Freise
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - P Fritschel
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V V Frolov
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G G Fronzé
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Y Fujii
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Fujikawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - M Fukunaga
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Fukushima
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - P Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Fyffe
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H A Gabbard
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B U Gadre
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S M Gaebel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Gair
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Gais
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - S Galaudage
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Gamba
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Ganapathy
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ganguly
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - D Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - S G Gaonkar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Garaventa
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C García-Núñez
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - C García-Quirós
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Garufi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B Gateley
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Gaudio
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - V Gayathri
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - G Gemme
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Gennai
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J George
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - L Gergely
- University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - P Gewecke
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Ghonge
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Abhirup Ghosh
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Shaon Ghosh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - Shrobana Ghosh
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Sourath Ghosh
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Giacomazzo
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - L Giacoppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K D Giardina
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D R Gibson
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - C Gier
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Giesler
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Giri
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Gissi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - J Glanzer
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A E Gleckl
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - P Godwin
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Goetz
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N Gohlke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Goncharov
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - G González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Gopakumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - M Gosselin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Gouaty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - B Grace
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Grado
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - V Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Gras
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Grassia
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Gray
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Gray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Greco
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A C Green
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Green
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - E M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - D Griffith
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Griffiths
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - H L Griggs
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - G Grignani
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Grimaldi
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Grimes
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S J Grimm
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - H Grote
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Grunewald
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Gruning
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J G Guerrero
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G M Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A R Guimaraes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Guixé
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - H K Gulati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - H-K Guo
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Y Guo
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anchal Gupta
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Gupta
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Gustafson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - F Guzman
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - S Ha
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - L Haegel
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - A Hagiwara
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - O Halim
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E D Hall
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Z Hamilton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - G Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - W-B Han
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - M Haney
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Hanks
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Hanna
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M D Hannam
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - O A Hannuksela
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H Hansen
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T J Hansen
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J Hanson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Harder
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - T Hardwick
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Haris
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J Harms
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - G M Harry
- American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - I W Harry
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Hartwig
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Hasegawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - B Haskell
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R K Hasskew
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C-J Haster
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Hattori
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Hayakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Hayama
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - F J Hayes
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Healy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M C Heintze
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Heinze
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Heinzel
- Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - H Heitmann
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - F Hellman
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Hello
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - G Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I S Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Hennes
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M H Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Hernandez Vivanco
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Heurs
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Hild
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - P Hill
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Himemoto
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - A S Hines
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Y Hiranuma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - E Hirose
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Hochheim
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hofman
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J N Hohmann
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A M Holgado
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - N A Holland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - I J Hollows
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Z J Holmes
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Holt
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D E Holz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - P Hopkins
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Howell
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - C G Hoy
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Hreibi
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Hsieh
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Hsu
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - G-Z Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Y-C Huang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Huang
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M T Hübner
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A D Huddart
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - E A Huerta
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - B Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - D C Y Hui
- Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea, Korea
| | - V Hui
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - S Husa
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S H Huttner
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Huxford
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Ide
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - B Idzkowski
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Iess
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - B Ikenoue
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Imam
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - K Inayoshi
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Inchauspe
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Ingram
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Y Inoue
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - G Intini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Isi
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Isleif
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Y Itoh
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - B R Iyer
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - K Izumi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - V JaberianHamedan
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - T Jacqmin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S J Jadhav
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - S P Jadhav
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - A L James
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A Z Jan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Jani
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - K Janssens
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - N N Janthalur
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - P Jaranowski
- University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
| | - D Jariwala
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Jaume
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A C Jenkins
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - C Jeon
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - M Jeunon
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - W Jia
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Jiang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H-B Jin
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - G R Johns
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A W Jones
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D I Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J D Jones
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Jones
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R J G Jonker
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Ju
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Jung
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - P Jung
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - J Junker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kaihotsu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - T Kajita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Kakizaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - C V Kalaghatgi
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - V Kalogera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - B Kamai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Kamiizumi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - N Kanda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Kandhasamy
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - G Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - J B Kanner
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Kao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - S J Kapadia
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - D P Kapasi
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Karathanasis
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Karki
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - R Kashyap
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Kasprzack
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Kastaun
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Katsanevas
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Katsavounidis
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Katzman
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Kaur
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Kawabe
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Kawaguchi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - F Kéfélian
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Keitel
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J S Key
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
| | - S Khadka
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - F Y Khalili
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - I Khan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Khan
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E A Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - N Khetan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | | | - N Kijbunchoo
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - W S Kim
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - Y-M Kim
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - C Kimball
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - N Kimura
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - P J King
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Kinley-Hanlon
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Kirchhoff
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J S Kissel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Kita
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Kitazawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - L Kleybolte
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A M Knee
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - T D Knowles
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - E Knyazev
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Koekoek
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Y Kojima
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 903-0213, Japan
| | - K Kokeyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Koley
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Kolitsidou
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Kolstein
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Komori
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Kondrashov
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A K H Kong
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - A Kontos
- Bard College, 30 Campus Rd, Annandale-On-Hudson, New York 12504, USA
| | - N Koper
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Korobko
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Kotake
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Kovalam
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D B Kozak
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Kozakai
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R Kozu
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - V Kringel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N V Krishnendu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Królak
- Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
- National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - G Kuehn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Kuei
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - A Kumar
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - P Kumar
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - J Kume
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Kuns
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Kuo
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - H-S Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Y Kuromiya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - S Kuroyanagi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Kusayanagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - K Kwak
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - S Kwang
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Laghi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Lalande
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - T L Lam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - A Lamberts
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Landry
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B B Lane
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R N Lang
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Lange
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - B Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - I La Rosa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | | | - P D Lasky
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Laxen
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Lazzarini
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Lazzaro
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Leaci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Leavey
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Y K Lecoeuche
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H K Lee
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - H W Lee
- Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - K Lee
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Lee
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - J Lehmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Lemaître
- NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - E Leon
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Leonardi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - N Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - N Letendre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Y Levin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - J N Leviton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A K Y Li
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Li
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - J Li
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - K L Li
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - T G F Li
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - X Li
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C-Y Lin
- National Center for High-performance computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan
| | - F-K Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - F-L Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - H L Lin
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - L C-C Lin
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - F Linde
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S D Linker
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J N Linley
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T B Littenberg
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35811, USA
| | - G C Liu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - J Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Liu
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Llorens-Monteagudo
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - R K L Lo
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Lockwood
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M L Lollie
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L T London
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Longo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - D Lopez
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Lorenzini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M Lormand
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G Losurdo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Lough
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C O Lousto
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Lovelace
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - H Lück
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Lumaca
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A P Lundgren
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - L-W Luo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - R Macas
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M MacInnis
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Macleod
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - I A O MacMillan
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Macquet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | | | | | - C Magazzù
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R M Magee
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Maggiore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E Majorana
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - S Maliakal
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Malik
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - N Man
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - V Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Mangano
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J L Mango
- Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
| | - G L Mansell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Manske
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Mantovani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Marchesoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - M Marchio
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - F Marion
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Z Mark
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - C Markakis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - A S Markosyan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Markowitz
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Maros
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Marquina
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - S Marsat
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - F Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R M Martin
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Martinez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K Martinovic
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - D V Martynov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E J Marx
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - K Mason
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Massera
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - A Masserot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T J Massinger
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Masso-Reid
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Mastrogiovanni
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - A Matas
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Mateu-Lucena
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Matichard
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Matiushechkina
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Mavalvala
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J J McCann
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - R McCarthy
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E McClelland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - P McClincy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S McCormick
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - L McCuller
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G I McGhee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S C McGuire
- Southern University and AandM College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - C McIsaac
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J McIver
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D J McManus
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - T McRae
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S T McWilliams
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - D Meacher
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Mehmet
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A K Mehta
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Melatos
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - D A Melchor
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Mendell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Menendez-Vazquez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C S Menoni
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - R A Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - L Mereni
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K Merfeld
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - E L Merilh
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J D Merritt
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Merzougui
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Meshkov
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Messick
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P M Meyers
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - F Meylahn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Mhaske
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - A Miani
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Miao
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Y Michimura
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Middleton
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - L Milano
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A L Miller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Millhouse
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J C Mills
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E Milotti
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M C Milovich-Goff
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - O Minazzoli
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Y Minenkov
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Mio
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ll M Mir
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Mishkin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - T Mishra
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Mistry
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - S Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V P Mitrofanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - R Mittleman
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Miyakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - A Miyamoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Miyo
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Miyoki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - Geoffrey Mo
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Mogushi
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - S R P Mohapatra
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S R Mohite
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - I Molina
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Molina-Ruiz
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Mondin
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - M Montani
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - C J Moore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Moraru
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Morawski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A More
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - C Moreno
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - G Moreno
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Mori
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - S Morisaki
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Moriwaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - B Mours
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - C M Mow-Lowry
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Mozzon
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - F Muciaccia
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Arunava Mukherjee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - D Mukherjee
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Soma Mukherjee
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - N Mukund
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Mullavey
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Munch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - E A Muñiz
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - P G Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Musenich
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S L Nadji
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Nagano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - S Nagano
- The Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - H Nakano
- Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
| | - M Nakano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - R Nakashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - I Nardecchia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - T Narikawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | | | - B Nayak
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - R K Nayak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - R Negishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - B F Neil
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J Neilson
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Nelemans
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T J N Nelson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Nery
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Neunzert
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
| | - K Y Ng
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S W S Ng
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - C Nguyen
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Nguyen
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T Nguyen
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Nguyen Quynh
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - W-T Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S A Nichols
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Nishizawa
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Nissanke
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Noh
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M Norman
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - C North
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Nozaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - L K Nuttall
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J Oberling
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B D O'Brien
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Y Obuchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - J O'Dell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - W Ogaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - G Oganesyan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - J J Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - K Oh
- Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea, Korea
| | - S H Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - M Ohashi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - N Ohishi
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Ohkawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - F Ohme
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ohta
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M A Okada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y Okutani
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Okutomi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - C Olivetto
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Oohara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - C Ooi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Oram
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B O'Reilly
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R G Ormiston
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N D Ormsby
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L F Ortega
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R O'Shaughnessy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E O'Shea
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - S Oshino
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Ossokine
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Osthelder
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Otabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - D J Ottaway
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - H Overmier
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A E Pace
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Pagano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Page
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Pagliaroli
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A Pai
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - S A Pai
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - J R Palamos
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - O Palashov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - C Palomba
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Pan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - P K Panda
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - H Pang
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - P T H Pang
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Pankow
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - F Pannarale
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - B C Pant
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - F Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paoli
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paolone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Parisi
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - J Park
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - W Parker
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
- Southern University and AandM College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - D Pascucci
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Passaquieti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M Patel
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Patricelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Payne
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - T C Pechsiri
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Pedraza
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Pegoraro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Pele
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - F E Peña Arellano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - A Perego
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Pereira
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T Pereira
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - C J Perez
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Périgois
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - A Perreca
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Perriès
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J Petermann
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Petterson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H P Pfeiffer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - K A Pham
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K S Phukon
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Pichot
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Piendibene
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Piergiovanni
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Pierini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Pierro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Pillant
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Pilo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - I M Pinto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", I-00184 Roma, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - B J Piotrzkowski
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Piotrzkowski
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Pirello
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Pitkin
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - E Placidi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - W Plastino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - C Pluchar
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - R Poggiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Polini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - D Y T Pong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - S Ponrathnam
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - P Popolizio
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E K Porter
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Powell
- OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
| | - M Pracchia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T Pradier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A K Prajapati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - K Prasai
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Prasanna
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - G Pratten
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - T Prestegard
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Principe
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", I-00184 Roma, Italy
| | - G A Prodi
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Matematica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Prokhorov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Prosposito
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L Prudenzi
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Puecher
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Punturo
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Puosi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Puppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Pürrer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - H Qi
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - V Quetschke
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - P J Quinonez
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - R Quitzow-James
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - F J Raab
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - G Raaijmakers
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Radkins
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Radulesco
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - P Raffai
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - S X Rail
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - S Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - C Rajan
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - K E Ramirez
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - T D Ramirez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - A Ramos-Buades
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Rana
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Rapagnani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - U D Rapol
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - B Ratto
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - V Raymond
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - N Raza
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M Razzano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Read
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - L A Rees
- American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - T Regimbau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - L Rei
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - D H Reitze
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Relton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Rettegno
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F Ricci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C J Richardson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J W Richardson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Richardson
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - P M Ricker
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Riemenschneider
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Rizzo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - N A Robertson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Robie
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F Robinet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Rocchi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Rocha
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | | | - L Rolland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - J G Rollins
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V J Roma
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Romanelli
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - R Romano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C L Romel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Romero
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I M Romero-Shaw
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - J H Romie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C A Rose
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Rosińska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S G Rosofsky
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M P Ross
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S J Rowlinson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh Roy
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - Soumen Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - D Rozza
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - P Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Ryan
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Sachdev
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Sadecki
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Sadiq
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - N Sago
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Saito
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - M Sakellariadou
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Y Sakuno
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - O S Salafia
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - L Salconi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Saleem
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
| | - F Salemi
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Samajdar
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E J Sanchez
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J H Sanchez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - L E Sanchez
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - N Sanchis-Gual
- Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação (CENTRA), Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J R Sanders
- Marquette University, 11420 W. Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - A Sanuy
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - T R Saravanan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Sarin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - H Satari
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - O Sauter
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - R L Savage
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - V Savant
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - T Sawada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - D Sawant
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - H L Sawant
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - S Sayah
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - D Schaetzl
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Scheel
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Scheuer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | - P Schmidt
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Schnabel
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Schneewind
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - A Schönbeck
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B W Schulte
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B F Schutz
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E Schwartz
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S M Scott
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - M Seglar-Arroyo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - E Seidel
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Sekiguchi
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Sekiguchi
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - D Sellers
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A S Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - N Sennett
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E G Seo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - V Sequino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Y Setyawati
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Shaffer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M S Shahriar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - B Shams
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - L Shao
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S Sharifi
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - P Sharma
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - P Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N S Shcheblanov
- NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - H Shen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Shibagaki
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Shikauchi
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Shimizu
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - T Shimoda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Shimode
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R Shink
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - H Shinkai
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Shoda
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - D H Shoemaker
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Shoemaker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - K Shukla
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - M Sieniawska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Sigg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L P Singer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Singh
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Singh
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Singha
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A M Sintes
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - V Sipala
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - V Skliris
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - B J J Slagmolen
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - T J Slaven-Blair
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J Smetana
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - R J E Smith
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - S N Somala
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - K Somiya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - E J Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - K Soni
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - S Soni
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - B Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Sordini
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - N Sorrentino
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - H Sotani
- iTHEMS (Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program), The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Soulard
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - T Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - E Sowell
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A P Spencer
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Spera
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A K Srivastava
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - V Srivastava
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Staats
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - C Stachie
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D A Steer
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Steinlechner
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - S Steinlechner
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - D J Stops
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M Stover
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - K A Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L C Strang
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G Stratta
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Strunk
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Sturani
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - A L Stuver
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - J Südbeck
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Sudhagar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V Sudhir
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Sugimoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - H G Suh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - H Sun
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - L Sun
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S Sunil
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - A Sur
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Suresh
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - P J Sutton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - B L Swinkels
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - P Szewczyk
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Tacca
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Tagoshi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S C Tait
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - R Takahashi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Takamori
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - S Takano
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - C Talbot
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - A J Tanasijczuk
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S Tanioka
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D Tao
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Tapia
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - E N Tapia San Martin
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | | | - J D Tasson
- Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - S Telada
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - R Tenorio
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - L Terkowski
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Test
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - M Thomas
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Thomas
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J E Thompson
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - K A Thorne
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - E Thrane
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shubhanshu Tiwari
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srishti Tiwari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - V Tiwari
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - K Toland
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A E Tolley
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - T Tomaru
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Tomigami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Tomura
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Tonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Torres-Forné
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - C I Torrie
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Tosta E Melo
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - D Töyrä
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Trapananti
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - F Travasso
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - G Traylor
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M C Tringali
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Tripathee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - L Troiano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali-Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Trovato
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - L Trozzo
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R J Trudeau
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D S Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - D Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K W Tsang
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - T Tsang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J-S Tsao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - M Tse
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Tso
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Tsubono
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Tsuchida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - L Tsukada
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Tsuna
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Tsutsui
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Tsuzuki
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - M Turconi
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Tuyenbayev
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - A S Ubhi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N Uchikata
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Uchiyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R P Udall
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Ueda
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Uehara
- Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K Ueno
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - G Ueshima
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - D Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
| | | | - F Uraguchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A L Urban
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Ushiba
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S A Usman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A C Utina
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - H Vahlbruch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Vajente
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Vajpeyi
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Valdes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Valentini
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Valsan
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - N van Bakel
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J F J van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - C Van Den Broeck
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - J V van Heijningen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M H P M van Putten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - N van Remortel
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Vardaro
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A F Vargas
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V Varma
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Vasúth
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - A Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - G Vedovato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Veitch
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Veitch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Venkateswara
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Venneberg
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Venugopalan
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Verkindt
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Y Verma
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - D Veske
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - F Vetrano
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A Viceré
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A D Viets
- Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
| | - V Villa-Ortega
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - J-Y Vinet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Vitale
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Vo
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - H Vocca
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E R G von Reis
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Vorvick
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S P Vyatchanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - L E Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - M Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - K J Wagner
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R C Walet
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Walker
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G S Wallace
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Wallace
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Walsh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - J Z Wang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - W H Wang
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - R L Ward
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Warner
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Was
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T Washimi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - N Y Washington
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Watchi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - B Weaver
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Wei
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Weinert
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A J Weinstein
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Weiss
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C M Weller
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - F Wellmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Wen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P Weßels
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J W Westhouse
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - K Wette
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J T Whelan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D D White
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - B F Whiting
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Whittle
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Wilken
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Williams
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M J Williams
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A R Williamson
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J L Willis
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Willke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D J Wilson
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - W Winkler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C C Wipf
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Wlodarczyk
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - G Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Woehler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J K Wofford
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I C F Wong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J Wrangel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - D S Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - D M Wysocki
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L Xiao
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W-R Xu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - T Yamada
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Yamashita
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - F W Yang
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - L Yang
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Z Yang
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M J Yap
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - D W Yeeles
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A B Yelikar
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Ying
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - J Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Yokozawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - A Yoon
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hang Yu
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Haocun Yu
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Yuzurihara
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - A Zadrożny
- National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - M Zanolin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Zeidler
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Zelenova
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J-P Zendri
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Zevin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - J Zhang
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - L Zhang
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Zhang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Zhang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Zhao
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Zhao
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Yue Zhao
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Z Zhou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - X J Zhu
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Z-H Zhu
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - M E Zucker
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Zweizig
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams A, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agarwal D, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Aleman KM, Allen G, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amato A, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Ando M, Angelova SV, Ansoldi S, Antelis JM, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai K, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Aronson SM, Asada H, Asali Y, Ashton G, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Aubin F, Auclair P, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bader MKM, Bae S, Bae Y, Baer AM, Bagnasco S, Bai Y, Baiotti L, Baird J, Bajpai R, Ball M, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Bals M, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Bankar D, Bankar RS, Barayoga JC, Barbieri C, Barish BC, Barker D, Barneo P, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Baylor AC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, 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AB, Ying M, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoon A, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbott
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T D Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S Abraham
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - F Acernese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Ackley
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Adams
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Adams
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R X Adhikari
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V B Adya
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Affeldt
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Agarwal
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M Agathos
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Agatsuma
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N Aggarwal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - O D Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Aiello
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A Ain
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Ajith
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - T Akutsu
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - K M Aleman
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Allen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Allocca
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - P A Altin
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Amato
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Anand
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Ananyeva
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S B Anderson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W G Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Ando
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S V Angelova
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Ansoldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - J M Antelis
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Antier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - S Appert
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Koya Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Arai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Araki
- Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - A Araya
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - M C Araya
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J S Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Arène
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - N Aritomi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S M Aronson
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H Asada
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Y Asali
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - G Ashton
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Aso
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - S M Aston
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Astone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Aubin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - P Auclair
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Aufmuth
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K AultONeal
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - C Austin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S Babak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - F Badaracco
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M K M Bader
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bae
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Y Bae
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - A M Baer
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Bagnasco
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Y Bai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Baiotti
- International College, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - J Baird
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - R Bajpai
- School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Ball
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - G Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S W Ballmer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Bals
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - A Balsamo
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G Baltus
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - S Banagiri
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Bankar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - R S Bankar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - J C Barayoga
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Barbieri
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - B C Barish
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Barker
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Barneo
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - S Barnum
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Barone
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, "Chirurgia e Odontoiatria Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - B Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Barsotti
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Barsuglia
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - D Barta
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - J Bartlett
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M A Barton
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Bartos
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Bassiri
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Bawaj
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J C Bayley
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A C Baylor
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Bazzan
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B Bécsy
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - V M Bedakihale
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - M Bejger
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Belahcene
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Benedetto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - D Beniwal
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - M G Benjamin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - T F Bennett
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J D Bentley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M BenYaala
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Bergamin
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B K Berger
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Bernuzzi
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - A Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Betzwieser
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R Bhandare
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - A V Bhandari
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - D Bhattacharjee
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - S Bhaumik
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Bidler
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - I A Bilenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - G Billingsley
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Birney
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - O Birnholtz
- Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - S Biscans
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Bischi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Biscoveanu
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Bisht
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Biswas
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M Bitossi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M-A Bizouard
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - J K Blackburn
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Blackman
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C D Blair
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D G Blair
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - R M Blair
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Bobba
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Bode
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Boer
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G Bogaert
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Boldrini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Bondu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - E Bonilla
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Bonnand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - P Booker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B A Boom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Bork
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Boschi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - N Bose
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - S Bose
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V Bossilkov
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - V Boudart
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Y Bouffanais
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Bozzi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - P R Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A Bramley
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Branch
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Branchesi
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M Breschi
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J H Briggs
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Brillet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Brinkmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Brockill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A F Brooks
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Brooks
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D D Brown
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S Brunett
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Bruno
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R Bruntz
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Bryant
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Buikema
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H J Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Buonanno
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Buscicchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Buskulic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - L Cadonati
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Caesar
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - G Cagnoli
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Cahillane
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H W Cain
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Calderón Bustillo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J D Callaghan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T A Callister
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - E Calloni
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J B Camp
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Canepa
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Cannavacciuolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - K C Cannon
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Cao
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Z Cao
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - E Capocasa
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - E Capote
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Carapella
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J B Carlin
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M F Carney
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Carpinelli
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - G Carullo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T L Carver
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Casanueva Diaz
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Casentini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G Castaldi
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Caudill
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Cavaglià
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - F Cavalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Cerdá-Durán
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - E Cesarini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - W Chaibi
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - K Chakravarti
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Champion
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C-H Chan
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C Chan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C L Chan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - M Chan
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - K Chandra
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - P Chanial
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - P Charlton
- OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - E A Chase
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - E Chassande-Mottin
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - D Chatterjee
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - K Chatziioannou
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - A Chen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - C Chen
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - H Y Chen
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Chen
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - X Chen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y-B Chen
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y-R Chen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Z Chen
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - H Cheng
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C K Cheong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Cheung
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Chia
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Chiadini
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C-Y Chiang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - R Chierici
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - M L Chiofalo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cho
- Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - H S Cho
- Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - S Choate
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - R K Choudhary
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Choudhary
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Christensen
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - H Chu
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Q Chu
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y-K Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Chua
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K W Chung
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - G Ciani
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Ciecielag
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cieślar
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cifaldi
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A A Ciobanu
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R Ciolfi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - F Cipriano
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - A Cirone
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - F Clara
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E N Clark
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - J A Clark
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - L Clarke
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - P Clearwater
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S Clesse
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F Cleva
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Coccia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - P-F Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D E Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Cohen
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Colleoni
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C G Collette
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - M Colpi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C M Compton
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Conti
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S J Cooper
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Corban
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T R Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - I Cordero-Carrión
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - S Corezzi
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - K R Corley
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - D Corre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Corsi
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - S Cortese
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C A Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Cotesta
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M W Coughlin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S B Coughlin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J-P Coulon
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | | | - B Cousins
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Couvares
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P B Covas
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D M Coward
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M J Cowart
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D C Coyne
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Coyne
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - J D E Creighton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T D Creighton
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - A W Criswell
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Croquette
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S G Crowder
- Bellevue College, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
| | - J R Cudell
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - T J Cullen
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Cummings
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Cuoco
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Curyło
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Dal Canton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - G Dálya
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Dana
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L M DaneshgaranBajastani
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - B D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S L Danilishin
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - S D'Antonio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K Danzmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - A Dasgupta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - L E H Datrier
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Dave
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G S Davies
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Davis
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E J Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - R Dean
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - M Deenadayalan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - J Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M De Laurentis
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - V Del Favero
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F De Lillo
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - N De Lillo
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - W Del Pozzo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L M DeMarchi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - F De Matteis
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - V D'Emilio
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - N Demos
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Dent
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - A Depasse
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R De Pietri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C De Rossi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R DeSalvo
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - R De Simone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M C Díaz
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Diaz-Ortiz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N A Didio
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - T Dietrich
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Di Fronzo
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Di Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Di Giovanni
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - T Di Girolamo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Di Lieto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Ding
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - S Di Pace
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - I Di Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Di Renzo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A K Divakarla
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Dmitriev
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Z Doctor
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - L D'Onofrio
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Donovan
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K L Dooley
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Doravari
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - I Dorrington
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Drago
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - J C Driggers
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Drori
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J-G Ducoin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Dupej
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - O Durante
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - P-A Duverne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S E Dwyer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P J Easter
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Ebersold
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Eddolls
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B Edelman
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T B Edo
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - O Edy
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - A Effler
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Eguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - J Eichholz
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - M Eisenmann
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - R A Eisenstein
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ejlli
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Y Enomoto
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - L Errico
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R C Essick
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - H Estellés
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D Estevez
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Z Etienne
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - T Etzel
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Evans
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T M Evans
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B E Ewing
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - V Fafone
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - H Fair
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Fairhurst
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - X Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - A M Farah
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Farinon
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Farr
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - W M Farr
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - N W Farrow
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - E J Fauchon-Jones
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - M Fays
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M Fazio
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J Feicht
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M M Fejer
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - F Feng
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - E Fenyvesi
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem t'er 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - D L Ferguson
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Galiana
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - I Ferrante
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T A Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Fidecaro
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Figura
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fishbach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R P Fisher
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J M Fishner
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Fittipaldi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - V Fiumara
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - R Flaminio
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - E Floden
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Flynn
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - H Fong
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J A Font
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - B Fornal
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - P W F Forsyth
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Franke
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Frasca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Frasconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Z Frei
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Freise
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - P Fritschel
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V V Frolov
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G G Fronzé
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Y Fujii
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Fujikawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - M Fukunaga
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Fukushima
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - P Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Fyffe
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H A Gabbard
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B U Gadre
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S M Gaebel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Gair
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Gais
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - S Galaudage
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Gamba
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Ganapathy
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ganguly
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - D Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - S G Gaonkar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Garaventa
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C García-Núñez
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - C García-Quirós
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Garufi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B Gateley
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Gaudio
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - V Gayathri
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - G Gemme
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Gennai
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J George
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - L Gergely
- University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - P Gewecke
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Ghonge
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Abhirup Ghosh
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Shaon Ghosh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - Shrobana Ghosh
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Sourath Ghosh
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Giacomazzo
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - L Giacoppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K D Giardina
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D R Gibson
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - C Gier
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Giesler
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Giri
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Gissi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - J Glanzer
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A E Gleckl
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - P Godwin
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Goetz
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N Gohlke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Goncharov
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - G González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Gopakumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - M Gosselin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Gouaty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - B Grace
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Grado
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - V Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Gras
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Grassia
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Gray
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Gray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Greco
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A C Green
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Green
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - E M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - D Griffith
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Griffiths
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - H L Griggs
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - G Grignani
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Grimaldi
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Grimes
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S J Grimm
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - H Grote
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Grunewald
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Gruning
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J G Guerrero
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G M Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A R Guimaraes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Guixé
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - H K Gulati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - H-K Guo
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Y Guo
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anchal Gupta
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Gupta
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Gustafson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - F Guzman
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - S Ha
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - L Haegel
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - A Hagiwara
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - O Halim
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E D Hall
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Z Hamilton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - G Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - W-B Han
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - M Haney
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Hanks
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Hanna
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M D Hannam
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - O A Hannuksela
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H Hansen
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T J Hansen
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J Hanson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Harder
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - T Hardwick
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Haris
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J Harms
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - G M Harry
- American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - I W Harry
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Hartwig
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Hasegawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - B Haskell
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R K Hasskew
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C-J Haster
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Hattori
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Hayakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Hayama
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - F J Hayes
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Healy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M C Heintze
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Heinze
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Heinzel
- Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - H Heitmann
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - F Hellman
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Hello
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - G Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I S Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Hennes
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M H Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Hernandez Vivanco
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Heurs
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Hild
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - P Hill
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Himemoto
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - A S Hines
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Y Hiranuma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - E Hirose
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Hochheim
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hofman
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J N Hohmann
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A M Holgado
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - N A Holland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - I J Hollows
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Z J Holmes
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Holt
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D E Holz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - P Hopkins
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Howell
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - C G Hoy
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Hreibi
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Hsieh
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Hsu
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - G-Z Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Y-C Huang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Huang
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M T Hübner
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A D Huddart
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - E A Huerta
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - B Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - D C Y Hui
- Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea, Korea
| | - V Hui
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - S Husa
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S H Huttner
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Huxford
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Ide
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - B Idzkowski
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Iess
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - B Ikenoue
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Imam
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - K Inayoshi
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Inchauspe
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Ingram
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Y Inoue
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - G Intini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Isi
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Isleif
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Y Itoh
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - B R Iyer
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - K Izumi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - V JaberianHamedan
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - T Jacqmin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S J Jadhav
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - S P Jadhav
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - A L James
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A Z Jan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Jani
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - K Janssens
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - N N Janthalur
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - P Jaranowski
- University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
| | - D Jariwala
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Jaume
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A C Jenkins
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - C Jeon
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - M Jeunon
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - W Jia
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Jiang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H-B Jin
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - G R Johns
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A W Jones
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D I Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J D Jones
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Jones
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R J G Jonker
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Ju
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Jung
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - P Jung
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - J Junker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kaihotsu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - T Kajita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Kakizaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - C V Kalaghatgi
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - V Kalogera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - B Kamai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Kamiizumi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - N Kanda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Kandhasamy
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - G Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - J B Kanner
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Kao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - S J Kapadia
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - D P Kapasi
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Karathanasis
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Karki
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - R Kashyap
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Kasprzack
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Kastaun
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Katsanevas
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Katsavounidis
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Katzman
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Kaur
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Kawabe
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Kawaguchi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - F Kéfélian
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Keitel
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J S Key
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
| | - S Khadka
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - F Y Khalili
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - I Khan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Khan
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E A Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - N Khetan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | | | - N Kijbunchoo
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - W S Kim
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - Y-M Kim
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - C Kimball
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - N Kimura
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - P J King
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Kinley-Hanlon
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Kirchhoff
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J S Kissel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Kita
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Kitazawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - L Kleybolte
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A M Knee
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - T D Knowles
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - E Knyazev
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Koekoek
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Y Kojima
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 903-0213, Japan
| | - K Kokeyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Koley
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Kolitsidou
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Kolstein
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Komori
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Kondrashov
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A K H Kong
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - A Kontos
- Bard College, 30 Campus Rd, Annandale-On-Hudson, New York 12504, USA
| | - N Koper
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Korobko
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Kotake
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Kovalam
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D B Kozak
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Kozakai
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R Kozu
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - V Kringel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N V Krishnendu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Królak
- Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
- National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - G Kuehn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Kuei
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - A Kumar
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - P Kumar
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - J Kume
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Kuns
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Kuo
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - H-S Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Y Kuromiya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - S Kuroyanagi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Kusayanagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - K Kwak
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - S Kwang
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Laghi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Lalande
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - T L Lam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - A Lamberts
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Landry
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B B Lane
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R N Lang
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Lange
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - B Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - I La Rosa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | | | - P D Lasky
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Laxen
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Lazzarini
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Lazzaro
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Leaci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Leavey
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Y K Lecoeuche
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H K Lee
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - H W Lee
- Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - K Lee
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Lee
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - J Lehmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Lemaître
- NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - E Leon
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Leonardi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - N Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - N Letendre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Y Levin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - J N Leviton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A K Y Li
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Li
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - J Li
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - K L Li
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - T G F Li
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - X Li
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C-Y Lin
- National Center for High-performance computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan
| | - F-K Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - F-L Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - H L Lin
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - L C-C Lin
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - F Linde
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S D Linker
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J N Linley
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T B Littenberg
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35811, USA
| | - G C Liu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - J Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Liu
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Llorens-Monteagudo
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - R K L Lo
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Lockwood
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M L Lollie
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L T London
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Longo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - D Lopez
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Lorenzini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M Lormand
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G Losurdo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Lough
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C O Lousto
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Lovelace
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - H Lück
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Lumaca
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A P Lundgren
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - L-W Luo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - R Macas
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M MacInnis
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Macleod
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - I A O MacMillan
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Macquet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | | | | | - C Magazzù
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R M Magee
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Maggiore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E Majorana
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - S Maliakal
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Malik
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - N Man
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - V Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Mangano
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J L Mango
- Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
| | - G L Mansell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Manske
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Mantovani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Marchesoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - M Marchio
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - F Marion
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Z Mark
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - C Markakis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - A S Markosyan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Markowitz
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Maros
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Marquina
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - S Marsat
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - F Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R M Martin
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Martinez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K Martinovic
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - D V Martynov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E J Marx
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - K Mason
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Massera
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - A Masserot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T J Massinger
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Masso-Reid
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Mastrogiovanni
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - A Matas
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Mateu-Lucena
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Matichard
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Matiushechkina
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Mavalvala
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J J McCann
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - R McCarthy
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E McClelland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - P McClincy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S McCormick
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - L McCuller
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G I McGhee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S C McGuire
- Southern University and AandM College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - C McIsaac
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J McIver
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D J McManus
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - T McRae
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S T McWilliams
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - D Meacher
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Mehmet
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A K Mehta
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Melatos
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - D A Melchor
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Mendell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Menendez-Vazquez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C S Menoni
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - R A Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - L Mereni
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K Merfeld
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - E L Merilh
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J D Merritt
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Merzougui
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Meshkov
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Messick
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P M Meyers
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - F Meylahn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Mhaske
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - A Miani
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Miao
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Y Michimura
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Middleton
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - L Milano
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A L Miller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Millhouse
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J C Mills
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E Milotti
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M C Milovich-Goff
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - O Minazzoli
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Y Minenkov
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Mio
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ll M Mir
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Mishkin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - T Mishra
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Mistry
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - S Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V P Mitrofanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - R Mittleman
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Miyakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - A Miyamoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Miyo
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Miyoki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - Geoffrey Mo
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Mogushi
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - S R P Mohapatra
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S R Mohite
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - I Molina
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Molina-Ruiz
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Mondin
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - M Montani
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - C J Moore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Moraru
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Morawski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A More
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - C Moreno
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - G Moreno
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Mori
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - S Morisaki
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Moriwaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - B Mours
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - C M Mow-Lowry
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Mozzon
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - F Muciaccia
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Arunava Mukherjee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - D Mukherjee
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Soma Mukherjee
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - N Mukund
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Mullavey
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Munch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - E A Muñiz
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - P G Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Musenich
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S L Nadji
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Nagano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - S Nagano
- The Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - H Nakano
- Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
| | - M Nakano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - R Nakashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - I Nardecchia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - T Narikawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | | | - B Nayak
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - R K Nayak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - R Negishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - B F Neil
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J Neilson
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Nelemans
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T J N Nelson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Nery
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Neunzert
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
| | - K Y Ng
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S W S Ng
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - C Nguyen
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Nguyen
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T Nguyen
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Nguyen Quynh
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - W-T Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S A Nichols
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Nishizawa
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Nissanke
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Noh
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M Norman
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - C North
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Nozaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - L K Nuttall
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J Oberling
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B D O'Brien
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Y Obuchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - J O'Dell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - W Ogaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - G Oganesyan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - J J Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - K Oh
- Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea, Korea
| | - S H Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - M Ohashi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - N Ohishi
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Ohkawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - F Ohme
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ohta
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M A Okada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y Okutani
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Okutomi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - C Olivetto
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Oohara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - C Ooi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Oram
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B O'Reilly
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R G Ormiston
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N D Ormsby
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L F Ortega
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R O'Shaughnessy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E O'Shea
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - S Oshino
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Ossokine
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Osthelder
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Otabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - D J Ottaway
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - H Overmier
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A E Pace
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Pagano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Page
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Pagliaroli
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A Pai
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - S A Pai
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - J R Palamos
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - O Palashov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - C Palomba
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Pan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - P K Panda
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - H Pang
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - P T H Pang
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Pankow
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - F Pannarale
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - B C Pant
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - F Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paoli
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paolone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Parisi
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - J Park
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - W Parker
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
- Southern University and AandM College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - D Pascucci
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Passaquieti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M Patel
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Patricelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Payne
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - T C Pechsiri
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Pedraza
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Pegoraro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Pele
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - F E Peña Arellano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - A Perego
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Pereira
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T Pereira
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - C J Perez
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Périgois
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - A Perreca
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Perriès
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J Petermann
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Petterson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H P Pfeiffer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - K A Pham
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K S Phukon
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Pichot
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Piendibene
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Piergiovanni
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Pierini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Pierro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Pillant
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Pilo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - I M Pinto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", I-00184 Roma, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - B J Piotrzkowski
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Piotrzkowski
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Pirello
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Pitkin
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - E Placidi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - W Plastino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - C Pluchar
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - R Poggiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Polini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - D Y T Pong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - S Ponrathnam
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - P Popolizio
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E K Porter
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Powell
- OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
| | - M Pracchia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T Pradier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A K Prajapati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - K Prasai
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Prasanna
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - G Pratten
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - T Prestegard
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Principe
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", I-00184 Roma, Italy
| | - G A Prodi
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Matematica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Prokhorov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Prosposito
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L Prudenzi
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Puecher
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Punturo
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Puosi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Puppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Pürrer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - H Qi
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - V Quetschke
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - P J Quinonez
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - R Quitzow-James
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - F J Raab
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - G Raaijmakers
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Radkins
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Radulesco
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - P Raffai
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - S X Rail
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - S Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - C Rajan
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - K E Ramirez
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - T D Ramirez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - A Ramos-Buades
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Rana
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Rapagnani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - U D Rapol
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - B Ratto
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - V Raymond
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - N Raza
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M Razzano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Read
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - L A Rees
- American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - T Regimbau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - L Rei
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - D H Reitze
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Relton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Rettegno
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F Ricci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C J Richardson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J W Richardson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Richardson
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - P M Ricker
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Riemenschneider
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Rizzo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - N A Robertson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Robie
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F Robinet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Rocchi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Rocha
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | | | - L Rolland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - J G Rollins
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V J Roma
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Romanelli
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - R Romano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C L Romel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Romero
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I M Romero-Shaw
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - J H Romie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C A Rose
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Rosińska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S G Rosofsky
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M P Ross
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S J Rowlinson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh Roy
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - Soumen Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - D Rozza
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - P Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Ryan
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Sachdev
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Sadecki
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Sadiq
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - N Sago
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Saito
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - M Sakellariadou
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Y Sakuno
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - O S Salafia
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - L Salconi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Saleem
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
| | - F Salemi
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Samajdar
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E J Sanchez
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J H Sanchez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - L E Sanchez
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - N Sanchis-Gual
- Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação (CENTRA), Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J R Sanders
- Marquette University, 11420 W. Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - A Sanuy
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - T R Saravanan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Sarin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - H Satari
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - O Sauter
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - R L Savage
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - V Savant
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - T Sawada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - D Sawant
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - H L Sawant
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - S Sayah
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - D Schaetzl
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Scheel
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Scheuer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | - P Schmidt
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Schnabel
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Schneewind
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - A Schönbeck
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B W Schulte
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B F Schutz
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E Schwartz
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S M Scott
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - M Seglar-Arroyo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - E Seidel
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Sekiguchi
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Sekiguchi
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - D Sellers
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A S Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - N Sennett
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E G Seo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - V Sequino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Y Setyawati
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Shaffer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M S Shahriar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - B Shams
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - L Shao
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S Sharifi
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - P Sharma
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - P Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N S Shcheblanov
- NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - H Shen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Shibagaki
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Shikauchi
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Shimizu
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - T Shimoda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Shimode
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R Shink
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - H Shinkai
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Shoda
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - D H Shoemaker
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Shoemaker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - K Shukla
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - M Sieniawska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Sigg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L P Singer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Singh
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Singh
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Singha
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A M Sintes
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - V Sipala
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - V Skliris
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - B J J Slagmolen
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - T J Slaven-Blair
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J Smetana
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - R J E Smith
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - S N Somala
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - K Somiya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - E J Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - K Soni
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - S Soni
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - B Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Sordini
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - N Sorrentino
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - H Sotani
- iTHEMS (Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program), The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Soulard
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - T Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - E Sowell
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A P Spencer
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Spera
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A K Srivastava
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - V Srivastava
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Staats
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - C Stachie
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D A Steer
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Steinlechner
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - S Steinlechner
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - D J Stops
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M Stover
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - K A Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L C Strang
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G Stratta
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Strunk
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Sturani
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - A L Stuver
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - J Südbeck
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Sudhagar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V Sudhir
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Sugimoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - H G Suh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - H Sun
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - L Sun
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S Sunil
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - A Sur
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Suresh
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - P J Sutton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - B L Swinkels
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - P Szewczyk
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Tacca
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Tagoshi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S C Tait
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - R Takahashi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Takamori
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - S Takano
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - C Talbot
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - A J Tanasijczuk
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S Tanioka
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D Tao
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Tapia
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - E N Tapia San Martin
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | | | - J D Tasson
- Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - S Telada
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - R Tenorio
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - L Terkowski
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Test
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - M Thomas
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Thomas
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J E Thompson
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - K A Thorne
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - E Thrane
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shubhanshu Tiwari
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srishti Tiwari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - V Tiwari
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - K Toland
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A E Tolley
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - T Tomaru
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Tomigami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Tomura
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Tonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Torres-Forné
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - C I Torrie
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Tosta E Melo
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - D Töyrä
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Trapananti
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - F Travasso
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - G Traylor
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M C Tringali
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Tripathee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - L Troiano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali-Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Trovato
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - L Trozzo
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R J Trudeau
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D S Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - D Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K W Tsang
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - T Tsang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J-S Tsao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - M Tse
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Tso
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Tsubono
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Tsuchida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - L Tsukada
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Tsuna
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Tsutsui
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Tsuzuki
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - M Turconi
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Tuyenbayev
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - A S Ubhi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N Uchikata
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Uchiyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R P Udall
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Ueda
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Uehara
- Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K Ueno
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - G Ueshima
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - D Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
| | | | - F Uraguchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A L Urban
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Ushiba
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S A Usman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A C Utina
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - H Vahlbruch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Vajente
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Vajpeyi
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Valdes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Valentini
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Valsan
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - N van Bakel
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J F J van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - C Van Den Broeck
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - J V van Heijningen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M H P M van Putten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - N van Remortel
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Vardaro
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A F Vargas
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V Varma
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Vasúth
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - A Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - G Vedovato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Veitch
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Veitch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Venkateswara
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Venneberg
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Venugopalan
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Verkindt
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Y Verma
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - D Veske
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - F Vetrano
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A Viceré
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A D Viets
- Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
| | - V Villa-Ortega
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - J-Y Vinet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Vitale
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Vo
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - H Vocca
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E R G von Reis
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Vorvick
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S P Vyatchanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - L E Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - M Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - K J Wagner
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R C Walet
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Walker
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G S Wallace
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Wallace
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Walsh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - J Z Wang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - W H Wang
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - R L Ward
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Warner
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Was
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T Washimi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - N Y Washington
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Watchi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - B Weaver
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Wei
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Weinert
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A J Weinstein
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Weiss
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C M Weller
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - F Wellmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Wen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P Weßels
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J W Westhouse
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - K Wette
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J T Whelan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D D White
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - B F Whiting
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Whittle
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Wilken
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Williams
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M J Williams
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A R Williamson
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J L Willis
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Willke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D J Wilson
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - W Winkler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C C Wipf
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Wlodarczyk
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - G Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Woehler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J K Wofford
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I C F Wong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J Wrangel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - D S Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - D M Wysocki
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L Xiao
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W-R Xu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - T Yamada
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Yamashita
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - F W Yang
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - L Yang
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Z Yang
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
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- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Ying
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - J Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - A Yoon
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
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- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - A Zadrożny
- National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
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- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Zeidler
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Zelenova
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J-P Zendri
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Zevin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - J Zhang
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - L Zhang
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Zhang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Zhang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Zhao
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Zhao
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Yue Zhao
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Z Zhou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - X J Zhu
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Z-H Zhu
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - M E Zucker
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Zweizig
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Zhang Y, Zhuang Z, Wei Q, Li P, Li J, Fan Y, Zhang L, Hong Z, He W, Wang H, Liu Y, Li W. Inhibition of miR-93-5p promotes osteogenic differentiation in a rabbit model of trauma-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. FEBS Open Bio 2021. [PMID: 34092046 PMCID: PMC8329948 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TIONFH) is characterized by femoral head collapse accompanied by degenerative changes of the hip. We previously reported that miR‐93‐5p expression is abnormally high in patients with TIONFH, but the role of miR‐93‐5p in the TIONFH process remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of miR‐93‐5p in TIONFH in a rabbit model. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were used for both in vivo and in vitro experiments. A rabbit model of TIONFH was injected with BMSCs transfected with miR‐93‐5p inhibitor. In addition, both an miR‐93‐5p mimic and negative control were transfected into BMSCs. Expression of miR‐93‐5p was significantly increased in the model group compared with control samples. An miR‐93‐5p inhibitor induced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, expression of osteogenesis‐related markers (BMP‐2, secreted phosphoprotein 1, RUNX family transcription factor 2 and Osterix) was higher in the miR‐93‐5p inhibitor group, as revealed by quantitative PCR and western blotting. In addition, in vitro experimentation revealed that an miR‐93‐5p mimic decreased BMP‐2 and TNF receptor superfamily member 11b expression, but increased receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappaB ligand expression. In summary, the miR‐93‐5p inhibitor could promote osteogenic differentiation by increasing BMP‐2 expression during the development of TIONFH. Thus, miR‐93‐5p may have potential as a therapeutic target for TIONF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | - Qiushi Wei
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), China
| | - Jitian Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), China
| | - Yanan Fan
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Youwen Liu
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), China
| | - Wuyin Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), China
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19
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Das S, Hong Z, Stoica VA, Gonçalves MAP, Shao YT, Parsonnet E, Marksz EJ, Saremi S, McCarter MR, Reynoso A, Long CJ, Hagerstrom AM, Meyers D, Ravi V, Prasad B, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Wen H, Gómez-Ortiz F, García-Fernández P, Bokor J, Íñiguez J, Freeland JW, Orloff ND, Junquera J, Chen LQ, Salahuddin S, Muller DA, Martin LW, Ramesh R. Author Correction: Local negative permittivity and topological phase transition in polar skyrmions. Nat Mater 2021; 20:905. [PMID: 33627832 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M A P Gonçalves
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxemburg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Y T Shao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E Parsonnet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E J Marksz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Saremi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M R McCarter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Reynoso
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C J Long
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A M Hagerstrom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Meyers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - V Ravi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B Prasad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - H Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - F Gómez-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - P García-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - J Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxemburg
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - N D Orloff
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Junquera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - L Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S Salahuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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20
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Hong G, Chen Z, Han X, Zhou L, Pang F, Wu R, Shen Y, He X, Hong Z, Li Z, He W, Wei Q. A novel RANKL-targeted flavonoid glycoside prevents osteoporosis through inhibiting NFATc1 and reactive oxygen species. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e392. [PMID: 34047464 PMCID: PMC8140192 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Osteoporosis is characterized by excessive bone resorption due to enhanced osteoclast activation. Stimulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mechanisms underlying osteoclastogenesis. Robinin (Rob) is a flavonoid glycoside that has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in previous studies, but little is known about its effects on bone homeostasis. The purpose of our research was to investigate whether Rob could prevent bone resorption in ovariectomized (OVX) mice by suppressing osteoclast production through its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The docking pose of Rob and RANKL was identified by protein-ligand molecular docking. Rob was added to bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) stimulated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). The effects of Rob on osteoclastic activity were evaluated by positive tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) staining kit and hydroxyapatite resorption assay. RANKL-induced ROS generation in osteoclasts was detected by H2 DCFDA and MitoSox Red staining. The classic molecular cascades triggered by RANKL, such as NF-κB, ROS, calcium oscillations, and NFATc1-mediated signaling pathways, were investigated using Fluo4 staining, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, an OVX mouse model mimicking estrogen-deficient osteoporosis was created to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Rob in vivo. RESULTS Computational docking results showed that Rob could bind specifically to RANKL's predicted binding sites. In vitro, Rob inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis dose-dependently without obvious cytotoxicity at low concentrations. We also found that Rob attenuated RANKL-induced mitochondrial ROS production or enhanced activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes, and ultimately reduced intracellular ROS levels. Rob abrogated the RANKL-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling pathways, and subsequently blocked NFATc1 signaling and TRAcP expression. In addition, Rob inhibited osteoclast proliferation by downregulating the expression of osteoclast target genes (Acp5, Cathepsin K, Atp6v0d2, Nfact1, c-Fos, and Mmp9) and reducing Ca2+ oscillations. Our in vivo results showed that Rob reduced bone resorption in OVX animal model by repressing osteoclast activity and function. CONCLUSIONS Rob inhibits the activation of osteoclasts by targeting RANKL and is therefore a potential osteoporosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Hong
- Division of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Traumatology and Orthopedics InstituteGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Zhenqiu Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Division of Bioengineering, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinologythe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Fengxiang Pang
- Traumatology and Orthopedics InstituteGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Rishana Wu
- Traumatology and Orthopedics InstituteGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Yingshan Shen
- Traumatology and Orthopedics InstituteGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Traumatology and Orthopedics InstituteGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Traumatology and Orthopedics InstituteGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Traumatology and Orthopedics InstituteGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Traumatology and Orthopedics InstituteGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Traumatology and Orthopedics InstituteGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R. China
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21
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Yang F, Zhuang Z, Tu Y, Hong Z, Pang F, He W, Wei Q, Li Z. Pathological progress of traumatic femur head necrosis after femoral neck fracture in children and adolescents: a case series study. J Hip Preserv Surg 2021; 7:696-704. [PMID: 34377512 PMCID: PMC8349579 DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hnab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological progression and prognosis of traumatic femur head necrosis (TFHN) after femoral neck fracture (FNF) in children and adolescent is relatively unknown and has never been specifically characterized. As we speculated, the prognosis in such population would be poor and characterized as the high risk of femoral head collapse, hip deformity and degeneration in a short term. This retrospective case series enrolled 64 children and adolescent with TFHN who treated with observational treatment from 2000.1 to 2018.1. The primary outcomes, the progression of femoral head collapse, hip deformity (Stulberg classification) and hip degeneration (Tönnis grade), and their prognostic factors were analysed. Sixty-four patients with a mean age of 13 years (6-16 years) were included. A total of 28 hips (44%) showed unsatisfactory outcome and 25 (39%) hips collapsed progressively during a mean follow-up of 48 months (24-203 months). Finally, 38 hips (59%) experienced hip deformity, 20 of them were Class IV/V. Thirty-four hips (53%) generally progressed to osteoarthritis, 14 of them were classified as Grades II/III. The location of the lesion and the presence of subluxation were found to be related to progression of collapse; however, the presence of subluxation was the only independent risk factor of severe hip deformity and degeneration. TFHN in children and adolescent is a rapidly progressing disease with a poor prognosis characterized by a high risk of femoral head collapse progression. If the subluxation emerged, collapsed cases showed increasingly tendency towards hip deformity and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, airport road, Baiyun distinct, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
| | - Zhikun Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, airport road, Baiyun distinct, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
- Department of Joint Diseases, Quanzhou Orthopedic-traumatological Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medicine University, No.61, Citong western road, Quanzhou city, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, airport road, Baiyun distinct, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital, No. 88, Changdong Road, Changping Town, Dongguan city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, airport road, Baiyun distinct, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
- Department of Joint Diseases, Traumatology & Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
| | - Fengxiang Pang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, airport road, Baiyun distinct, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, airport road, Baiyun distinct, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
- Department of Joint Diseases, Traumatology & Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, airport road, Baiyun distinct, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
- Department of Joint Diseases, Traumatology & Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12, airport road, Baiyun distinct, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
- Department of Joint Diseases, Traumatology & Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province, 510000, China
- Correspondence to: Z. Li. E-mail:
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22
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Das S, Hong Z, Stoica VA, Gonçalves MAP, Shao YT, Parsonnet E, Marksz EJ, Saremi S, McCarter MR, Reynoso A, Long CJ, Hagerstrom AM, Meyers D, Ravi V, Prasad B, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Wen H, Gómez-Ortiz F, García-Fernández P, Bokor J, Íñiguez J, Freeland JW, Orloff ND, Junquera J, Chen LQ, Salahuddin S, Muller DA, Martin LW, Ramesh R. Local negative permittivity and topological phase transition in polar skyrmions. Nat Mater 2021; 20:194-201. [PMID: 33046856 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Topological solitons such as magnetic skyrmions have drawn attention as stable quasi-particle-like objects. The recent discovery of polar vortices and skyrmions in ferroelectric oxide superlattices has opened up new vistas to explore topology, emergent phenomena and approaches for manipulating such features with electric fields. Using macroscopic dielectric measurements, coupled with direct scanning convergent beam electron diffraction imaging on the atomic scale, theoretical phase-field simulations and second-principles calculations, we demonstrate that polar skyrmions in (PbTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)n superlattices are distinguished by a sheath of negative permittivity at the periphery of each skyrmion. This enhances the effective dielectric permittivity compared with the individual SrTiO3 and PbTiO3 layers. Moreover, the response of these topologically protected structures to electric field and temperature shows a reversible phase transition from the skyrmion state to a trivial uniform ferroelectric state, accompanied by large tunability of the dielectric permittivity. Pulsed switching measurements show a time-dependent evolution and recovery of the skyrmion state (and macroscopic dielectric response). The interrelationship between topological and dielectric properties presents an opportunity to simultaneously manipulate both by a single, and easily controlled, stimulus, the applied electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M A P Gonçalves
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxemburg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Y T Shao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E Parsonnet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E J Marksz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Saremi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M R McCarter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Reynoso
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C J Long
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A M Hagerstrom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Meyers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - V Ravi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B Prasad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - H Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - F Gómez-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - P García-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - J Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxemburg
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - N D Orloff
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Junquera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - L Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S Salahuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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23
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Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei Q, Zhuang Z, Li J, Fan Y, Zhang L, Hong Z, Ma X, Sun R, He W, Wang H, Liu Y, Li W. CircRNA_25487 inhibits bone repair in trauma-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head by sponging miR-134-3p through p21. Regen Ther 2020; 16:23-31. [PMID: 33426239 PMCID: PMC7777498 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify specific circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in bone repair of trauma-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (TIONFH) and to explore the potential mechanism. CircRNA sequencing on the blood sample collected from patients with and without TIONFH was performed to select cirRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed, followed by qRT-PCR confirmation. Furthermore, the functions of one selected circRNA and the potential mechanisms in bone repair of TIONFH were validated based on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteoclast-like cells (OLCs) through CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell assay, luciferase reporter assay, and western blot. A total of 234 upregulated and 148 downregulated differentially expressed circRNAs were identified, and qRT-PCR showed that circRNA_25487 was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood of TIONFH patients. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding effect between miR-134-3p and circRNA_25487. CircRNA_25487 suppression and miR-134-3p overexpression could promote cell proliferation and invasion while inhibited apoptosis of BMSCs and OLCs. miR-134-3p could target p21. CircRNA_25487 inhibited bone repair in TIONFH by sponging miR-134-3p to upregulate the expression of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, 471002, Henan, China.,Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Sansan Jia
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, 471002, Henan, China.,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510240, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Zhikun Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Jitian Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, 471002, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Fan
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, 471002, Henan, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, 471002, Henan, China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510240, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Xianghao Ma
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, 471002, Henan, China
| | - Ruibo Sun
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, 471002, Henan, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510240, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Youwen Liu
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, 471002, Henan, China
| | - Wuyin Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, 471002, Henan, China
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24
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Xu L, Wu DP, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang QY, Liu MQ, Wu XD, Hong Z. [Application of portable electroencephalograph in patients with epilepsy and establishment of medical platform]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:3764-3767. [PMID: 33379840 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200703-02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To provide a portable electroencephalograph that can facilitate long-term monitoring of epilepsy patients outside the hospital, and establish a medical platform for epilepsy data monitoring and treatment. Methods: From June 2018 to October 2019, twenty-nine patients from Huashan Hospital (superior hospital) and Jing'an District Central Hospital (subordinate hospital) of Fudan University were enrolled in the study. Among them, twenty-eight cases were diagnosed with epilepsy and 1 case was epileptic seizure. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was collected by portable electroencephalograph once a week and followed up for three months. The seizure frequency, seizure form, medication type, EEG lead number and positive rate were recorded. Patients' medical records and EEG data were uploaded to the cloud database to build a medical alliance platform. Doctors of different levels of hospitals couldobtain diagnosis and achieve resource sharing based on the platform. The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results: The EEG data collected by the portable electroencephalograph hadfewer artifacts, complete sleep cycle, and could record the interictaldischarges. Twenty-nine patientsunderwent a total of 148 EEG monitoring during the three-month follow-up. Eighty-five cases of epileptic discharges were detected, and the EEG positive rate was 57.4%. The positive rate of EEG in patients with generalized seizures (84.9%) was higher than that in patients with focal seizures (42.1%) (P<0.01); the positive rate of EEG in patients with 2-3 antiepileptic drugs and patients with frequent seizures within three months were also higher (P<0.05). Doctors in the superior hospital in the platform make diagnosis and treatment suggestions according to the above data. Elevenseizure-free patients and four patients with fewer seizures and discharges were diverted to the community hospital for follow-up. Fourteen patients with poor seizure control and/or continuous epileptic discharges were diverted to the superior hospitalto adjust the medication. Doctors of subordinate hospital acquired the diagnosis and treatment suggestions through the platform, and then strengthened the daily care and follow-up. Conclusion: Combined with a portable electroencephalograph, the current study establishs a medical platform for patients with epilepsy to achieve long-term monitoring and rational use of medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - D P Wu
- School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Jing'an District, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Q Y Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - M Q Liu
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Jing'an District, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - X D Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Xin P, Tu Y, Hong Z, Yang F, Pang F, Wei Q, He W, Li Z. The clinical and radiographic characteristics of avascular necrosis after pediatric femoral neck fracture: a systematic review and retrospective study of 115 patients. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:520. [PMID: 33176837 PMCID: PMC7661253 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avascular necrosis (AVN) after pediatric femoral neck fracture (PFNF) showed poor prognosis, but its clinical and radiographic characteristics remained unclear. METHODS A systematic review and a retrospective study were performed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with AVN after PFNF. RESULTS A total of 686 patients with PFNF and 203 patients with AVN from 21 articles were analyzed. Ratliff's classification was used in 178 patients, with types I, II, and III AVN accounting for 58.4%, 25.3%, and 16.3%, respectively. Ratliff's assessment was used in 147 patients, of whom 88.4% had an unsatisfactory prognosis. In retrospective study, 115 patients with a mean age of 13.6 ± 2.0 years were included. The mean interval between AVN and PFNF was 13.7 ± 9.5 months. At the time of diagnosis, 59.1% cases were symptomatic and 65.2% progressed to collapsed stage. Fifty (43.5%), 61 (53.0%), and 4 patients (3.5%) were defined as types I, II, and III , respectively, via Ratliff's classification. Thirteen (11.3%), 40 (34.8%), and 62 patients (53.9%) showed types A/B, C1, and C2 disease, respectively, via the JIC classification. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a strong relation between collapsed stage and symptomatic cases (OR = 6.25, 95% CI = 2.39-16.36) and JIC classification (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.62-7.17). CONCLUSION AVN after PFNF showed a tendency toward extensive necrotic lesions, presumably resulting in a rapid progression of femoral head collapse. And the symptoms and the JIC classification are other two risk factors of collapse progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xin
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12#, District Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Tu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12#, District Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12#, District Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxiang Pang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12#, District Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Ziqi Li
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12#, District Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Li Z, Hong Z, Zheng Y, Dong Y, He W, Yuan Y, Guo J. An emerging potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis: LncRNA H19/miR-29a-3p axis. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 33207859 PMCID: PMC7662105 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a complex systemic disease characterized by a loss of bone density, leading to bone fragility and an increase risk of fractures of the hip, spine and wrist. The clinical therapeutic effect is still far from satisfactory. Thus, further studies are urgently needed to explore the pathogenesis of OP. In this study, our aim is to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of lncRNA H19/miR-29a-3p axis for regulating of inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis in OP. The expression of lncRNA H19 was significantly upregulated in OP samples compared with the health control. Subsequently, we found that miR-29a-3p is the target of lncRNA H19 in OP. Furthermore, the knockdown of lncRNA H19 was validated to promote the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, repress cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, the modulating effects of lncRNA-H19 on the expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators, cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro were diminished after co-transfecting with miR-29a-3p inhibitor and siRNA-H19. Thus, we concluded that lncRNA H19/miR-29a-3p axis was involved in the development of OP. This study might provide a better understanding of OP development and a potential therapeutic target for OP intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Li
- Department of Joint Disease, Traumatology and Orthopedics institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the third affiliated hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou.
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Department of Joint Disease, Traumatology and Orthopedics institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the third affiliated hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou.
| | - Yuesheng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinshazhou hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou.
| | - Yongwei Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinshazhou hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou.
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinshazhou hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou.
| | - Yingjia Yuan
- Department of Joint Disease, Traumatology and Orthopedics institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the third affiliated hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou.
| | - Junbiao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou.
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Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to report the medium-term outcomes of impaction bone allograft and fibular grafting for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and to define the optimal indications. METHODS A total of 67 patients (77 hips) with ONFH were enrolled in a single centre retrospective review. Success of the procedure was assessed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and rate of revision to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Risk factors were studied, including age, aetiology, duration of hip pain, as well as two classification systems (Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) and Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) systems). RESULTS After a mean follow-up period of 8.61 years (SD 1.45), 81.3% (52/64) of enrolled cases had a good or excellent HHS at latest follow-up (declining to 76.0% (38/50) for those with more than eight years of follow-up). Overall survival was 92.1% at eight years' follow-up (95% CI 83.2% to 96.4%). A total of 12 hips (19.0%) failed (reoperation or HHS < 70 points) at final follow-up. Rate of success was adversely affected by increasing age, duration of pain, and more severe disease as measured using the ARCO and JIC classifications, but not by aetiology of the ONFH. CONCLUSION We report favourable medium-term results of this procedure. Best outcomes can be expected in patients matching the following indications: younger than 40 years; less 12-month hip pain before surgery; femoral head collapse being less than 2 mm; and integrated lateral wall of femoral head. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):838-844.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoju Hong
- Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianye Lin
- Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Betzwieser J, Bhandare R, Bidler J, Bilenko IA, Bilgili SA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Biscoveanu S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bloemen S, Bode N, Boer M, Boetzel Y, Bogaert G, Bondu F, Bonilla E, Bonnand R, Booker P, Boom BA, Booth CD, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bossie K, Bossilkov V, Bosveld J, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Bramley A, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Briggs JH, Brighenti F, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brunett S, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cabero M, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Bustillo JC, Callister TA, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campbell WA, Canepa M, Cannon K, Cannon KC, Cao H, Cao J, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Carney MF, Carullo G, Diaz JC, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cerdá-Durán P, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chaibi O, Chakravarti K, Chamberlin SJ, Chan M, Chan ML, Chao S, Charlton P, Chase EA, Chassande-Mottin E, Chatterjee D, Chaturvedi M, Chatziioannou K, Cheeseboro BD, Chen CS, Chen HY, Chen KH, Chen X, Chen Y, Chen YR, Cheng HP, Cheong CK, Chia HY, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho G, Cho HS, Cho M, Christensen N, Chu HY, Chu Q, Chu YK, Chua S, Chung KW, Chung S, Ciani G, Ciobanu AA, Ciolfi R, Cipriano F, Cirone A, Clara F, Clark JA, Clearwater P, Cleva F, Cocchieri C, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Cohen D, Colgan R, Colleoni M, Collette CG, Collins C, Cominsky LR, Constancio M, Conti L, Cooper SJ, Corban P, Corbitt TR, Cordero-Carrión I, Corley KR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Cotesta R, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Couvares P, Covas PB, Cowan EE, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cripe J, Croquette M, Crowder SG, Cullen TJ, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Canton TD, Dálya G, Danilishin SL, D’Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dasgupta A, Da Silva Costa CF, Datrier LEH, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davis D, Daw EJ, DeBra D, Deenadayalan M, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Pozzo WD, DeMarchi LM, Demos N, Dent T, De Pietri R, Derby J, De Rosa R, De Rossi C, DeSalvo R, de Varona O, Dhurandhar S, Díaz MC, Dietrich T, Fiore LD, Giovanni MD, Girolamo TD, Lieto AD, Ding B, Pace SD, Palma ID, Renzo FD, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, Doi K, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Downes TP, Drago M, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducoin JG, Dupej P, Dwyer SE, Easter PJ, Edo TB, Edwards MC, Effler A, Eguchi S, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein RA, Enomoto Y, Essick RC, Estelles H, Estevez D, Etienne ZB, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Fauchon-Jones EJ, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Fee C, Feicht J, Fejer MM, Feng F, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferreira TA, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Fiori I, Fiorucci D, Fishbach M, Fisher RP, Fishner JM, Fitz-Axen M, Flaminio R, Fletcher M, Flynn E, Fong H, Font JA, Forsyth PWF, Fournier JD, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Frey V, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fujii Y, Fukunaga M, Fukushima M, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HA, Gadre BU, Gaebel SM, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Ganija MR, Gaonkar SG, Garcia A, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, Gaur G, Gayathri V, Ge GG, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, George D, George J, Gergely L, Germain V, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Giacomazzo B, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill K, Giordano G, Glover L, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Goncharov B, González G, Castro JMG, Gopakumar A, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan SE, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grado A, Graef C, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green AC, Green R, Gretarsson EM, Groot P, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Guidi GM, Gulati HK, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta MK, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Haegel L, Hagiwara A, Haino S, Halim O, Hall BR, Hall ED, Hamilton EZ, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke MM, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hannuksela OA, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Haris K, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hasegawa K, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Hayakawa H, Hayama K, Hayes FJ, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennig J, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hild S, Himemoto Y, Hinderer T, Hiranuma Y, Hirata N, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hochheim S, Hofman D, Holgado AM, Holland NA, Holt K, Holz DE, Hong Z, Hopkins P, Horst C, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoy CG, Hreibi A, Hsieh BH, Huang GZ, Huang PW, Huang YJ, Huerta EA, Huet D, Hughey B, Hulko M, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Ikenoue B, Imam S, Inayoshi K, Ingram C, Inoue Y, Inta R, Intini G, Ioka K, Irwin B, Isa HN, Isac JM, Isi M, Itoh Y, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacqmin T, Jadhav SJ, Jani K, Janthalur NN, Jaranowski P, Jenkins AC, Jiang J, Johnson DS, Jones AW, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Jung K, Jung P, Junker J, Kajita T, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kamiizumi M, Kanda N, Kandhasamy S, Kang GW, Kanner JB, Kapadia SJ, Karki S, Karvinen KS, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kawai N, Kawasaki T, Keerthana NV, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Kennedy R, Key JS, Khalili FY, Khan H, Khan I, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov EA, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim C, Kim JC, Kim J, Kim K, Kim W, Kim WS, Kim YM, Kimball C, Kimura N, King EJ, King PJ, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel JS, Kita N, Kitazawa H, Kleybolte L, Klika JH, Klimenko S, Knowles TD, Knyazev E, Koch P, Koehlenbeck SM, Koekoek G, Kojima Y, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong AKH, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Korth WZ, Kotake K, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kozakai C, Kozu R, Kringel V, Krishnendu N, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kume J, Kuo CM, Kuo HS, Kuo L, Kuroyanagi S, Kusayanagi K, Kutynia A, Kwak K, Kwang S, Lackey BD, Lai KH, Lam TL, Landry M, Lane BB, Lang RN, Lange J, Lantz B, Lanza RK, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky PD, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche YK, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee HW, Lee J, Lee K, Lee RK, Lehmann J, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Li J, Li KJL, Li TGF, Li X, Lin CY, Lin F, Lin FL, Lin LCC, Linde F, Linker SD, Littenberg TB, Liu GC, Liu J, Liu X, Lo RKL, Lockerbie NA, London LT, Longo A, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lousto CO, Lovelace G, Lower ME, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren AP, Luo LW, Lynch R, Ma Y, Macas R, Macfoy S, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Macquet A, Magaña-Sandoval F, Zertuche LM, Magee RM, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marchio M, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan AS, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martynov DV, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, McCann JJ, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGuire SC, McIver J, McManus DJ, McRae T, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Mehmet M, Mehta AK, Meidam J, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Mereni L, Merilh EL, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Metzdorff R, Meyers PM, Miao H, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller AL, Miller A, Millhouse M, Mills JC, Milovich-Goff MC, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki Y, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Moffa D, Mogushi K, Mohapatra SRP, Montani M, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morisaki S, Moriwaki Y, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Muñiz EA, Muratore M, Murray PG, Nagano K, Nagano S, Nagar A, Nakamura K, Nakano H, Nakano M, Nakashima R, Nardecchia I, Narikawa T, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Negishi 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Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA. Living Rev Relativ 2020; 23:3. [PMID: 33015351 PMCID: PMC7520625 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 Mpc 3 for binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of 1 - 1 + 12 ( 10 - 10 + 52 ) for binary neutron star mergers, of 0 - 0 + 19 ( 1 - 1 + 91 ) for neutron star-black hole mergers, and 17 - 11 + 22 ( 79 - 44 + 89 ) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Abbott
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Abbott
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - T. D. Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - S. Abraham
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - F. Acernese
- Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K. Ackley
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - C. Adams
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - V. B. Adya
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C. Affeldt
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Agathos
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN UK
| | - K. Agatsuma
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - N. Aggarwal
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - O. D. Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. Aiello
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A. Ain
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - P. Ajith
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - T. Akutsu
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - G. Allen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - A. Allocca
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. A. Aloy
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - P. A. Altin
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - A. Amato
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Ananyeva
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. B. Anderson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - W. G. Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - M. Ando
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | | | - S. Antier
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - S. Appert
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - K. Arai
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Koya Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - Y. Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - S. Araki
- Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - A. Araya
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1,Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 Japan
| | - M. C. Araya
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. S. Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - M. Arène
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - N. Aritomi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - N. Arnaud
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K. G. Arun
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, 603103 India
| | - S. Ascenzi
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Ashton
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Y. Aso
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka Branch, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu Pref. Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - S. M. Aston
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - P. Astone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Aubin
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - P. Aufmuth
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K. AultONeal
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - C. Austin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - V. Avendano
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
| | | | - S. Babak
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - P. Bacon
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - F. Badaracco
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M. K. M. Bader
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. W. Bae
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), 245 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Y. B. Bae
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 70, Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34047 Korea
| | - L. Baiotti
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - R. Bajpai
- School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - P. T. Baker
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - F. Baldaccini
- Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G. Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - S. Banagiri
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - J. C. Barayoga
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - B. C. Barish
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - D. Barker
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - S. Barnum
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - F. Barone
- Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B. Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - L. Barsotti
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Barsuglia
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D. Barta
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121 Hungary
| | - J. Bartlett
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - M. A. Barton
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - I. Bartos
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - R. Bassiri
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - A. Basti
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Bawaj
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - J. C. Bayley
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - M. Bazzan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B. Bécsy
- Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - M. Bejger
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I. Belahcene
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - A. S. Bell
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - D. Beniwal
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | | | - G. Bergmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Bernuzzi
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - J. J. Bero
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - C. P. L. Berry
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | | | - A. Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Betzwieser
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | | | - J. Bidler
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - I. A. Bilenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | | | - G. Billingsley
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Birch
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - R. Birney
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ UK
| | - O. Birnholtz
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - S. Biscans
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - S. Biscoveanu
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - A. Bisht
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Bitossi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. A. Bizouard
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - J. K. Blackburn
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. D. Blair
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - D. G. Blair
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - R. M. Blair
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - S. Bloemen
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N. Bode
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Boer
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - Y. Boetzel
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Bogaert
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - F. Bondu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR6082, 3500 Rennes, France
| | - E. Bonilla
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - R. Bonnand
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - P. Booker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B. A. Boom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - R. Bork
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - V. Boschi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Bose
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - K. Bossie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - V. Bossilkov
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - J. Bosveld
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Y. Bouffanais
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A. Bozzi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - P. R. Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - A. Bramley
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - M. Branchesi
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - J. E. Brau
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - T. Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J. H. Briggs
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - F. Brighenti
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - A. Brillet
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - M. Brinkmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V. Brisson
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - P. Brockill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - A. F. Brooks
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - D. D. Brown
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - S. Brunett
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - A. Buikema
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - T. Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H. J. Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Buonanno
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - D. Buskulic
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - C. Buy
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - R. L. Byer
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - M. Cabero
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L. Cadonati
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - G. Cagnoli
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C. Cahillane
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Calderón Bustillo
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - T. A. Callister
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. Calloni
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J. B. Camp
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - W. A. Campbell
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - M. Canepa
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - K. Cannon
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - K. C. Cannon
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - H. Cao
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - J. Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - E. Capocasa
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - F. Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Caride
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - M. F. Carney
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | | | | | - C. Casentini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - S. Caudill
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Cavaglià
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - F. Cavalier
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - R. Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G. Cella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Cerdá-Durán
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - G. Cerretani
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Cesarini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - O. Chaibi
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - K. Chakravarti
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - S. J. Chamberlin
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - M. Chan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - M. L. Chan
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - S. Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, ROC
| | - P. Charlton
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - E. A. Chase
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - E. Chassande-Mottin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D. Chatterjee
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | | | - K. Chatziioannou
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | | | - C. S. Chen
- Tamkang University, No.151, Yingzhuan Rd., Danshui Dist., New Taipei City, 25137 Taiwan
| | - H. Y. Chen
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - K. H. Chen
- Department of Physics, The Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongyi District, Taiyuan City, 320 Taiwan
| | - X. Chen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Y. Chen
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Y. R. Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - H.-P. Cheng
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - C. K. Cheong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - H. Y. Chia
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | | | - A. Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G. Cho
- Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - H. S. Cho
- Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - M. Cho
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - N. Christensen
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
- Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057 USA
| | - H. Y. Chu
- Department of Physics, The Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongyi District, Taiyuan City, 320 Taiwan
| | - Q. Chu
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Y. K. Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 section 4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - S. Chua
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - K. W. Chung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - S. Chung
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - G. Ciani
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A. A. Ciobanu
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - R. Ciolfi
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - F. Cipriano
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - A. Cirone
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - F. Clara
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. A. Clark
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - P. Clearwater
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - F. Cleva
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - C. Cocchieri
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - E. Coccia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - P.-F. Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - D. Cohen
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - R. Colgan
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Colleoni
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - C. Collins
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - M. Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. Conti
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S. J. Cooper
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - P. Corban
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - T. R. Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - I. Cordero-Carrión
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | | | - N. Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - A. Corsi
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - S. Cortese
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C. A. Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. Cotesta
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - M. W. Coughlin
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. B. Coughlin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - J.-P. Coulon
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | | | - P. Couvares
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - P. B. Covas
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - E. E. Cowan
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - D. M. Coward
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - M. J. Cowart
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - D. C. Coyne
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Coyne
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 USA
| | | | - T. D. Creighton
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - J. Cripe
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Croquette
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - T. J. Cullen
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - E. Cuoco
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - T. Dal Canton
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - G. Dálya
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - S. L. Danilishin
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. D’Antonio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - K. Danzmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Dasgupta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428 India
| | | | | | - V. Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - I. Dave
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013 India
| | - M. Davier
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - D. Davis
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - E. J. Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - D. DeBra
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - M. Deenadayalan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - J. Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. De Laurentis
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S. Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - W. Del Pozzo
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L. M. DeMarchi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - N. Demos
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - T. Dent
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R. De Pietri
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche,Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - J. Derby
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - R. De Rosa
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C. De Rossi
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R. DeSalvo
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - O. de Varona
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - M. C. Díaz
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - T. Dietrich
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L. Di Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M. Di Giovanni
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - T. Di Girolamo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Di Lieto
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B. Ding
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S. Di Pace
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - I. Di Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F. Di Renzo
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Dmitriev
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Z. Doctor
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - K. Doi
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - F. Donovan
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - K. L. Dooley
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Doravari
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - T. P. Downes
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - M. Drago
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | | | - Z. Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - J.-G. Ducoin
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - P. Dupej
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. E. Dwyer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - P. J. Easter
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - T. B. Edo
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | | | - A. Effler
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - S. Eguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - P. Ehrens
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Eichholz
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - M. Eisenmann
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - R. A. Eisenstein
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Y. Enomoto
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | | | - H. Estelles
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D. Estevez
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | | | - T. Etzel
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Evans
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - T. M. Evans
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - V. Fafone
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - H. Fair
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | | | - X. Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - S. Farinon
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B. Farr
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - W. M. Farr
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - M. Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
| | - M. Fays
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - M. Fazio
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - C. Fee
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022 USA
| | - J. Feicht
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - F. Feng
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | - I. Ferrante
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. C. Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - T. A. Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. Ferrini
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Fidecaro
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - I. Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D. Fiorucci
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M. Fishbach
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - R. P. Fisher
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606 USA
| | - J. M. Fishner
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Fitz-Axen
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - R. Flaminio
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - M. Fletcher
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - E. Flynn
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - H. Fong
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - J. A. Font
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
- Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, València Spain
| | - P. W. F. Forsyth
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - J.-D. Fournier
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - S. Frasca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Z. Frei
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - A. Freise
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - R. Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - V. Frey
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - P. Fritschel
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - V. V. Frolov
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - Y. Fujii
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - M. Fukunaga
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - M. Fukushima
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - P. Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - M. Fyffe
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | | | - B. U. Gadre
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - S. M. Gaebel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - J. R. Gair
- School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD UK
| | | | - M. R. Ganija
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - S. G. Gaonkar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - A. Garcia
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - C. García-Quirós
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F. Garufi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B. Gateley
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - S. Gaudio
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - G. Gaur
- Institute Of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426 India
| | - V. Gayathri
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076 India
| | - G. G. Ge
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West No. 30, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - G. Gemme
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E. Genin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Gennai
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D. George
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - J. George
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013 India
| | - L. Gergely
- University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - V. Germain
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - S. Ghonge
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Abhirup Ghosh
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - Archisman Ghosh
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Ghosh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - B. Giacomazzo
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J. A. Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | | | | | - K. Gill
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - G. Giordano
- Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - L. Glover
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - P. Godwin
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - E. Goetz
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - B. Goncharov
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - G. González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - A. Gopakumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005 India
| | - M. L. Gorodetsky
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - S. E. Gossan
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Gosselin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R. Gouaty
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - A. Grado
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - C. Graef
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - M. Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. Gras
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - P. Grassia
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. Gray
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Gray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - G. Greco
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - A. C. Green
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - R. Green
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | | | - P. Groot
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Grote
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - S. Grunewald
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - P. Gruning
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - G. M. Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - H. K. Gulati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428 India
| | - Y. Guo
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Gupta
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - M. K. Gupta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428 India
| | - E. K. Gustafson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - L. Haegel
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A. Hagiwara
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - S. Haino
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - O. Halim
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - B. R. Hall
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - E. D. Hall
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - G. Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - M. Haney
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. M. Hanke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Hanks
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - C. Hanna
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | | | | | - J. Hanson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - T. Hardwick
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - K. Haris
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - J. Harms
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - G. M. Harry
- American University, Washington, DC 20016 USA
| | - I. W. Harry
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - K. Hasegawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - C.-J. Haster
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - K. Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - H. Hayakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - K. Hayama
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - F. J. Hayes
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J. Healy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - A. Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M. C. Heintze
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - H. Heitmann
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - P. Hello
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - G. Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - I. S. Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J. Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - M. Heurs
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Hild
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Y. Himemoto
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1,Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba 275-8575 Japan
| | - T. Hinderer
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, Science Park 904, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y. Hiranuma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - N. Hirata
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - E. Hirose
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - D. Hoak
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Hochheim
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. Hofman
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. M. Holgado
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - N. A. Holland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - K. Holt
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - D. E. Holz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Z. Hong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 section 4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - P. Hopkins
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - C. Horst
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - J. Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - E. J. Howell
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - C. G. Hoy
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - A. Hreibi
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - B. H. Hsieh
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - G. Z. Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 section 4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - P. W. Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West No. 30, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Y. J. Huang
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - E. A. Huerta
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - D. Huet
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - B. Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - M. Hulko
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Husa
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - T. Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - B. Idzkowski
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Iess
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - B. Ikenoue
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - S. Imam
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 section 4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - K. Inayoshi
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - C. Ingram
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Y. Inoue
- Department of Physics, The Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongyi District, Taiyuan City, 320 Taiwan
| | - R. Inta
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - G. Intini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K. Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, KitaShirakawa, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - B. Irwin
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022 USA
| | - H. N. Isa
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J.-M. Isac
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M. Isi
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Y. Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho,Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - B. R. Iyer
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - K. Izumi
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
- JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - T. Jacqmin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S. J. Jadhav
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - K. Jani
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - N. N. Janthalur
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | | | - A. C. Jenkins
- King’s College London, University of London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - J. Jiang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - D. S. Johnson
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - A. W. Jones
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. I. Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - R. Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - R. J. G. Jonker
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L. Ju
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - K. Jung
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
| | - P. Jung
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - J. Junker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T. Kajita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | | | - V. Kalogera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - B. Kamai
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Kamiizumi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - N. Kanda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho,Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - S. Kandhasamy
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - G. W. Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), 245 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - J. B. Kanner
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. J. Kapadia
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - S. Karki
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - K. S. Karvinen
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R. Kashyap
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - M. Kasprzack
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Katsanevas
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Katsavounidis
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - W. Katzman
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - S. Kaufer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K. Kawabe
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - K. Kawaguchi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - N. Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - T. Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - N. V. Keerthana
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - F. Kéfélian
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - D. Keitel
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - R. Kennedy
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - J. S. Key
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011 USA
| | - F. Y. Khalili
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - H. Khan
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - I. Khan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - S. Khan
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Z. Khan
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428 India
| | - E. A. Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | | | - N. Kijbunchoo
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Chunglee Kim
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea
| | - C. Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - J. C. Kim
- Inje University, Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834 South Korea
| | - J. Kim
- Department of Computer Simulation, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834 Korea
| | - K. Kim
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - W. Kim
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - W. S. Kim
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 70, Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34047 Korea
| | - Y.-M. Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
| | - C. Kimball
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - N. Kimura
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - E. J. King
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - P. J. King
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - R. Kirchhoff
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. S. Kissel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - N. Kita
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - H. Kitazawa
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | | | - J. H. Klika
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - S. Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | | | - E. Knyazev
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - P. Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. M. Koehlenbeck
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Koekoek
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Y. Kojima
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima 903-0213 Japan
| | - K. Kokeyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - S. Koley
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. Komori
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - V. Kondrashov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - A. K. H. Kong
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - A. Kontos
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - N. Koper
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Korobko
- Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Z. Korth
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - K. Kotake
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - I. Kowalska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D. B. Kozak
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. Kozakai
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - R. Kozu
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - V. Kringel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N. Krishnendu
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, 603103 India
| | - A. Królak
- NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
- Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G. Kuehn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Kumar
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - P. Kumar
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428 India
| | - S. Kumar
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - J. Kume
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - C. M. Kuo
- Department of Physics, The Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongyi District, Taiyuan City, 320 Taiwan
| | - H. S. Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 section 4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - L. Kuo
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, ROC
| | - S. Kuroyanagi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - K. Kusayanagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | | | - K. Kwak
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
| | - S. Kwang
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - B. D. Lackey
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - K. H. Lai
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - T. L. Lam
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - M. Landry
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - B. B. Lane
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - R. N. Lang
- Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, MI 49242 USA
| | - J. Lange
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - B. Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - R. K. Lanza
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - A. Lartaux-Vollard
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - P. D. Lasky
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - M. Laxen
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - A. Lazzarini
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. Lazzaro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P. Leaci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S. Leavey
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - C. H. Lee
- Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - H. K. Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 South Korea
| | - H. M. Lee
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, 34055 South Korea
| | - H. W. Lee
- Inje University, Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834 South Korea
| | - J. Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - K. Lee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - R. K. Lee
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - J. Lehmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Lenon
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - M. Leonardi
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - N. Leroy
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - N. Letendre
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - Y. Levin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - J. Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - K. J. L. Li
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - T. G. F. Li
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - X. Li
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. Y. Lin
- National Applied Research Laboratories, National Center for High-performance computing, No. 7, R&D 6th Rd., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City, 30076 Taiwan
| | - F. Lin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - F. L. Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 section 4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - L. C. C. Lin
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
| | - F. Linde
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. D. Linker
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | | | - G. C. Liu
- Tamkang University, No.151, Yingzhuan Rd., Danshui Dist., New Taipei City, 25137 Taiwan
| | - J. Liu
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - X. Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - R. K. L. Lo
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | | | | | - A. Longo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Lorenzini
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | | | - M. Lormand
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - G. Losurdo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. D. Lough
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C. O. Lousto
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - G. Lovelace
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - M. E. Lower
- OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - H. Lück
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. Lumaca
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - L. W. Luo
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - R. Lynch
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Y. Ma
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Macas
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - S. Macfoy
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ UK
| | - M. MacInnis
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Macquet
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | | | | | - R. M. Magee
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | | | | | - A. Malik
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013 India
| | - N. Man
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - V. Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - V. Mangano
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - G. L. Mansell
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - M. Manske
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - M. Mantovani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Marchesoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - M. Marchio
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - F. Marion
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - S. Márka
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Z. Márka
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - C. Markakis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN UK
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | | | - A. Markowitz
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. Maros
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - A. Marquina
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - S. Marsat
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - F. Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - I. W. Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - R. M. Martin
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
| | | | - K. Mason
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - E. Massera
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - A. Masserot
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - T. J. Massinger
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - S. Mastrogiovanni
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Matas
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - F. Matichard
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - L. Matone
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - N. Mavalvala
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - N. Mazumder
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - J. J. McCann
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - R. McCarthy
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - D. E. McClelland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - S. McCormick
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - L. McCuller
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - S. C. McGuire
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - J. McIver
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - D. J. McManus
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - T. McRae
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | | | - D. Meacher
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - G. D. Meadors
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - M. Mehmet
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. K. Mehta
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - J. Meidam
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Melatos
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - G. Mendell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - R. A. Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - L. Mereni
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. L. Merilh
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - M. Merzougui
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - S. Meshkov
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - C. Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - C. Messick
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - R. Metzdorff
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS,ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P. M. Meyers
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - H. Miao
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - C. Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Y. Michimura
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - H. Middleton
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | | | - L. Milano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A. L. Miller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - A. Miller
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - M. C. Milovich-Goff
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - O. Minazzoli
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine Ier, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Y. Minenkov
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - N. Mio
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - A. Mishkin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - C. Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 India
| | - T. Mistry
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - S. Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - V. P. Mitrofanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | | | - R. Mittleman
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - O. Miyakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - A. Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - K. Miyo
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - S. Miyoki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - G. Mo
- Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057 USA
| | - D. Moffa
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022 USA
| | - K. Mogushi
- The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | | | - M. Montani
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - C. J. Moore
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN UK
| | - D. Moraru
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - G. Moreno
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - S. Morisaki
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Y. Moriwaki
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - B. Mours
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | | | - Arunava Mukherjee
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. Mukherjee
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - S. Mukherjee
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - N. Mukund
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - A. Mullavey
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - J. Munch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | | | - M. Muratore
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - P. G. Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - K. Nagano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - S. Nagano
- The Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 4-2-1, Nukuikita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8795 Japan
| | - A. Nagar
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, 00184 Rome, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, 91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K. Nakamura
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - H. Nakano
- Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, 67 Fukakusa Tsukamoto-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8577 Japan
| | - M. Nakano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - R. Nakashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - I. Nardecchia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - T. Narikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, KitaShirakawa, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - L. Naticchioni
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R. K. Nayak
- IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252 India
| | - R. Negishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - J. Neilson
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - G. Nelemans
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Nery
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Neunzert
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - K. Y. Ng
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - S. Ng
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - P. Nguyen
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - W. T. Ni
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West No. 30, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - D. Nichols
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Nishizawa
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - S. Nissanke
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C. North
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | | | - M. Obergaulinger
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - J. Oberling
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - Y. Obuchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - G. D. O’Dea
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - W. Ogaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - G. H. Ogin
- Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA
| | - J. J. Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 70, Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34047 Korea
| | - S. H. Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 70, Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34047 Korea
| | - M. Ohashi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - N. Ohishi
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka Branch, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu Pref. Japan
| | - M. Ohkawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - F. Ohme
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H. Ohta
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - M. A. Okada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - K. Okutomi
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - M. Oliver
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - K. Oohara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - C. P. Ooi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - P. Oppermann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - B. O’Reilly
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | | | - L. F. Ortega
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | | | - S. Oshino
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - S. Ossokine
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - D. J. Ottaway
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - H. Overmier
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - B. J. Owen
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - A. E. Pace
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - G. Pagano
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. A. Page
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - A. Pai
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076 India
| | - S. A. Pai
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013 India
| | | | - O. Palashov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - C. Palomba
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Huang-Wei Pan
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, ROC
| | - K. C. Pan
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - B. Pang
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - H. F. Pang
- Department of Physics, The Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongyi District, Taiyuan City, 320 Taiwan
| | - P. T. H. Pang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - C. Pankow
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - F. Pannarale
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - B. C. Pant
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013 India
| | | | - A. Paoli
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. A. Papa
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - A. Parida
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - J. Park
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, One Sinsu-Dong, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 121-742 Korea
| | - W. Parker
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
- Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - D. Pascucci
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R. Passaquieti
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M. Patil
- Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
| | - B. Patricelli
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - M. Pedraza
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Pedurand
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, 69361 Lyon, France
| | - A. Pele
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - F. E. Peña Arellano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - S. Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
| | - C. J. Perez
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - A. Perreca
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H. P. Pfeiffer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - M. Phelps
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K. S. Phukon
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - O. J. Piccinni
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Pichot
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - F. Piergiovanni
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - G. Pillant
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - I. Pinto
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - M. Pirello
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - M. Pitkin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - R. Poggiani
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D. Y. T. Pong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - S. Ponrathnam
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - P. Popolizio
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E. K. Porter
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J. Powell
- OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - A. K. Prajapati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428 India
| | - J. Prasad
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - K. Prasai
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - R. Prasanna
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - G. Pratten
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - T. Prestegard
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - S. Privitera
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - G. A. Prodi
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L. G. Prokhorov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - O. Puncken
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Punturo
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Puppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Pürrer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - H. Qi
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - V. Quetschke
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - P. J. Quinonez
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - E. A. Quintero
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - F. J. Raab
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - H. Radkins
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - N. Radulescu
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - P. Raffai
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - S. Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013 India
| | - C. Rajan
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013 India
| | | | - M. Rakhmanov
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - K. E. Ramirez
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - A. Ramos-Buades
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javed Rana
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - K. Rao
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - P. Rapagnani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V. Raymond
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - M. Razzano
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Read
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - T. Regimbau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - L. Rei
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S. Reid
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ UK
| | - D. H. Reitze
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - W. Ren
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - F. Ricci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - J. W. Richardson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - P. M. Ricker
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - K. Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - M. Rizzo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - N. A. Robertson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - R. Robie
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - F. Robinet
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - A. Rocchi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - L. Rolland
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - J. G. Rollins
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - V. J. Roma
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - M. Romanelli
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR6082, 3500 Rennes, France
| | - R. Romano
- Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C. L. Romel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. H. Romie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - K. Rose
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022 USA
| | - D. Rosińska
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
- Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - S. G. Rosofsky
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - M. P. Ross
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - S. Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. Rüdiger
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G. Rutins
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE UK
| | - K. Ryan
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - S. Sachdev
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - T. Sadecki
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - N. Sago
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - S. Saito
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - Y. Saito
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - K. Sakai
- Department of Electronic Control Engineering, Nagaoka College, National Institute of Technology, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-8532 Japan
| | - Y. Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - H. Sakamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - M. Sakellariadou
- King’s College London, University of London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Y. Sakuno
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - L. Salconi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Saleem
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, 603103 India
| | - A. Samajdar
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L. Sammut
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - E. J. Sanchez
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - L. E. Sanchez
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - N. Sanchis-Gual
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - V. Sandberg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | | | - N. Sarin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - B. Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. S. Sathyaprakash
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - S. Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, 3-7-2, Kajino-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8584 Japan
| | - T. Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - O. Sauter
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - R. L. Savage
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - T. Sawada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - P. Schale
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - M. Scheel
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Scheuer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - P. Schmidt
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - E. Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B. W. Schulte
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - S. G. Schwalbe
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - J. Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. M. Scott
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - E. Seidel
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - T. Sekiguchi
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Y. Sekiguchi
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba Japan
| | - D. Sellers
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - A. S. Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424 India
| | - N. Sennett
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - D. Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - V. Sequino
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Sergeev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Y. Setyawati
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. A. Shaddock
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - T. Shaffer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - M. S. Shahriar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - M. B. Shaner
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
| | - L. Shao
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - P. Sharma
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013 India
| | - P. Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - H. Shen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - S. Shibagaki
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - R. Shimizu
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - T. Shimoda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - K. Shimode
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - R. Shink
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - H. Shinkai
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Kitayama 1-79-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0196 Japan
| | - T. Shishido
- School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - A. Shoda
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - D. H. Shoemaker
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - D. M. Shoemaker
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | | | - K. Siellez
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - M. Sieniawska
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D. Sigg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - A. D. Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. P. Singer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - N. Singh
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Singhal
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A. M. Sintes
- Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3—IEEC, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S. Sitmukhambetov
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - V. Skliris
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | | | | | - J. R. Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - R. J. E. Smith
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - S. Somala
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285 India
| | - K. Somiya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - E. J. Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 70, Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34047 Korea
| | - B. Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - H. Sotani
- Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - T. Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | - E. Sowell
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | | | | | | | - K. Staats
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - C. Stachie
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - M. Standke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. A. Steer
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M. Steinke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Steinlechner
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
- Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - D. Steinmeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S. P. Stevenson
- OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - D. Stocks
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - R. Stone
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - D. J. Stops
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - K. A. Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - G. Stratta
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - S. E. Strigin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - A. Strunk
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Sturani
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970 Brazil
| | - A. L. Stuver
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA
| | - V. Sudhir
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - R. Sugimoto
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | | | - L. Sun
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Sunil
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428 India
| | - J. Suresh
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007 India
| | | | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - B. L. Swinkels
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Tacca
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. Tagoshi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - S. C. Tait
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - H. Takahashi
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188 Japan
| | - R. Takahashi
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - A. Takamori
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1,Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032 Japan
| | - S. Takano
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - H. Takeda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - M. Takeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - C. Talbot
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | | | - H. Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - Taiki Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, KitaShirakawa, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - S. Tanioka
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - D. B. Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - M. Tápai
- University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - E. N. Tapia San Martin
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - A. Taracchini
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - R. Taylor
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Telada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, National Metrology Institute of Japan, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - F. Thies
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Thomas
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - P. Thomas
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - K. A. Thorne
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - E. Thrane
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Shubhanshu Tiwari
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Srishti Tiwari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005 India
| | - V. Tiwari
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - K. Toland
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - T. Tomaru
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Y. Tomigami
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - T. Tomura
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - M. Tonelli
- Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Z. Tornasi
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. Torres-Forné
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational physik (Albert Einstein Institute), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - C. I. Torrie
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - D. Töyrä
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - F. Travasso
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - G. Traylor
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USA
| | - M. C. Tringali
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Trovato
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L. Trozzo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
- Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - R. Trudeau
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - K. W. Tsang
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T. T. L. Tsang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - M. Tse
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - R. Tso
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - K. Tsubono
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - S. Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - L. Tsukada
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - D. Tsuna
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - T. Tsuzuki
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - D. Tuyenbayev
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - N. Uchikata
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050, Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - T. Uchiyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - A. Ueda
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - T. Uehara
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Communications, National Defense Academy of Japan, Hashirimizu 1-10-20, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa-Pref 239-8686 Japan
| | - K. Ueno
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - G. Ueshima
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188 Japan
| | - D. Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA
| | | | - F. Uraguchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - A. L. Urban
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - T. Ushiba
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | | | - H. Vahlbruch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Vajente
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - G. Valdes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - N. van Bakel
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Beuzekom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. F. J. van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. Van Den Broeck
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - M. H. P. M. van Putten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747 South Korea
| | | | - M. Vardaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V. Varma
- Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Vass
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - M. Vasúth
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121 Hungary
| | - A. Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - G. Vedovato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J. Veitch
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - P. J. Veitch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | | | - G. Venugopalan
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - D. Verkindt
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - F. Vetrano
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - A. Viceré
- Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - A. D. Viets
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - D. J. Vine
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE UK
| | - J.-Y. Vinet
- Artemis, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - S. Vitale
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - T. Vo
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - H. Vocca
- Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C. Vorvick
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - S. P. Vyatchanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - A. R. Wade
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - M. Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022 USA
| | - R. Walet
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Walker
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
| | - L. Wallace
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Walsh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - G. Wang
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - H. Wang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - J. Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West No. 30, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - J. Z. Wang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - W. H. Wang
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - Y. F. Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - R. L. Ward
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Z. A. Warden
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - J. Warner
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - M. Was
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - J. Watchi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B. Weaver
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - L.-W. Wei
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Weinert
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. J. Weinstein
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - R. Weiss
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - F. Wellmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L. Wen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - E. K. Wessel
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - P. Weßels
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. W. Westhouse
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - K. Wette
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - J. T. Whelan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | | | - C. Whittle
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - D. M. Wilken
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. Williams
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - A. R. Williamson
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. L. Willis
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - B. Willke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. H. Wimmer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W. Winkler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C. C. Wipf
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - H. Wittel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J. Woehler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. K. Wofford
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - J. Worden
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. L. Wright
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - C. M. Wu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - D. S. Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H. C. Wu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - S. R. Wu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - D. M. Wysocki
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623 USA
| | - L. Xiao
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - W. R. Xu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 section 4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - T. Yamada
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - H. Yamamoto
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - T. Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - C. C. Yancey
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - L. Yang
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. J. Yap
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - M. Yazback
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | | | - K. Yokogawa
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - J. Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - T. Yokozawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - T. Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Hang Yu
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Haocun Yu
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - S. H. R. Yuen
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
| | - H. Yuzurihara
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - M. Yvert
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy, France
| | - A. K. Zadrożny
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
- NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - M. Zanolin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
| | - S. Zeidler
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - T. Zelenova
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), 56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M. Zevin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - J. Zhang
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - L. Zhang
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - T. Zhang
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - C. Zhao
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Y. Zhao
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 2-21-1,Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 Japan
| | - M. Zhou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Z. Zhou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - X. J. Zhu
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Z. H. Zhu
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - A. B. Zimmerman
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - M. E. Zucker
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. Zweizig
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
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Li S, Hong Z, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Luan G. Progress of epilepsy control in China in recent years. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang F, Tan S, Hong Z. cRGDfK (cRGD) conjugated pyropheophorbide-a (Pyro), a new tumour photodynamic agent, is highly accumulated and specific in tumour cell killing. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz238.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Qi HX, Cao Q, Zhou GP, Sun XZ, Zhou WD, Hong Z, Hu J, Juan CX, Li S, Kuai WX. MicroRNA 34b inhibits cell proliferation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia via regulating LDHA. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23:5351-5359. [PMID: 31298387 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201906_18202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the regulatory effect of microRNA-34b on the occurrence of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia and the underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression of microRNA-34b in the bone marrow of 72 children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between microRNA-34b expression and pathological characteristics was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier curve was introduced for evaluating the prognostic value of microRNA-34b in pediatric AML. The regulatory effects of microRNA-34b on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of leukemia cells were accessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted to evaluate the binding between microRNA-34b and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). LDHA expression after overexpression of microRNA-34b was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Rescue experiments were conducted to verify whether microRNA-34b could regulate proliferative and apoptotic behaviors of leukemia cells by suppressing LDHA expression. RESULTS MicroRNA-34b was markedly downregulated in AML children. Low expression of microRNA-34b was correlated to FAB typing, cytogenetic abnormality, and day 7 response to the treatment of pediatric AML. By collecting the follow-up data, it was found that low expression of microRNA-34b was correlated to the poor prognosis of AML. Overexpression of microRNA-34b inhibited proliferative ability and cell cycle progression, but accelerated apoptosis of AML cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified that microRNA-34b could bind to LDHA, thereafter inhibiting LDHA expression. Overexpression of LDHA reversed the regulatory effects of microRNA-34b on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of AML cells. CONCLUSIONS We found that microRNA-34b is lowly expressed in pediatric AML patients, and low expression of microRNA-34b may serve as an indicator of malignant progression and poor prognosis of pediatric AML. MicroRNA-34b may affect the proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia cells by regulating the expression of LDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-X Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China.
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Lu D, Liu X, Feng S, Dong X, Shi X, Ji X, Fang T, Wang Z, Hong Z, Ye Y, Ren P, Diao D, Wu H, Xiong G, Wang H, Li M, Cai K. IDENTIFICATION OF THE RELATIVELY FIXED INTRATHORACIC ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS FOR ESOPHAGEAL SEGMENTATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY FROM SOUTHERN CHINA. Chest 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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33
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Li S, Jin Q, Chao Z, Dong-Wei G, Qiang L, Hong Z, Xiao-Dong J, Yang L. EP-2158 The Apoptosis Mechanism and Injury of Heavy Ion Beam and X-ray Radiation on Malignant Melanoma Cell. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stoica VA, Laanait N, Dai C, Hong Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Lei S, McCarter MR, Yadav A, Damodaran AR, Das S, Stone GA, Karapetrova J, Walko DA, Zhang X, Martin LW, Ramesh R, Chen LQ, Wen H, Gopalan V, Freeland JW. Optical creation of a supercrystal with three-dimensional nanoscale periodicity. Nat Mater 2019; 18:377-383. [PMID: 30886403 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation with ultrafast light pulses can realize and manipulate states of matter with emergent structural, electronic and magnetic phenomena. However, these non-equilibrium phases are often transient and the challenge is to stabilize them as persistent states. Here, we show that atomic-scale PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices, counterpoising strain and polarization states in alternate layers, are converted by sub-picosecond optical pulses to a supercrystal phase. This phase persists indefinitely under ambient conditions, has not been created via equilibrium routes, and can be erased by heating. X-ray scattering and microscopy show this unusual phase consists of a coherent three-dimensional structure with polar, strain and charge-ordering periodicities of up to 30 nm. By adjusting only dielectric properties, the phase-field model describes this emergent phase as a photo-induced charge-stabilized supercrystal formed from a two-phase equilibrium state. Our results demonstrate opportunities for light-activated pathways to thermally inaccessible and emergent metastable states.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - N Laanait
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - C Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - S Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M R McCarter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A R Damodaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G A Stone
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J Karapetrova
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - D A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L-Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - H Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - V Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.
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35
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Xu R, Liu S, Saremi S, Gao R, Wang JJ, Hong Z, Lu H, Ghosh A, Pandya S, Bonturim E, Chen ZH, Chen LQ, Rappe AM, Martin LW. Kinetic control of tunable multi-state switching in ferroelectric thin films. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1282. [PMID: 30894533 PMCID: PMC6427024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterministic creation of multiple ferroelectric states with intermediate values of polarization remains challenging due to the inherent bi-stability of ferroelectric switching. Here we show the ability to select any desired intermediate polarization value via control of the switching pathway in (111)-oriented PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 films. Such switching phenomena are driven by kinetic control of the volume fraction of two geometrically different domain structures which are generated by two distinct switching pathways: one direct, bipolar-like switching and another multi-step switching process with the formation of a thermodynamically-stable intermediate twinning structure. Such control of switching pathways is enabled by the competition between elastic and electrostatic energies which favors different types of ferroelastic switching that can occur. Overall, our work demonstrates an alternative approach that transcends the inherent bi-stability of ferroelectrics to create non-volatile, deterministic, and repeatedly obtainable multi-state polarization without compromising other important properties, and holds promise for non-volatile multi-state functional applications. The use of ferroeletric materials for multi-state device applications is still challenging. Here, the authors present a mechanism to stabilize non-volatile polarization states by populating volume fractions of two domain structures in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 via kinetic control of switching pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S Liu
- Extreme Materials Initiative, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, 20015, USA
| | - S Saremi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - R Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - J J Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - H Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - A Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S Pandya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - E Bonturim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Z H Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - L Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - A M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Agnese R, Aralis T, Aramaki T, Arnquist I, Azadbakht E, Baker W, Banik S, Barker D, Bauer D, Binder T, Bowles M, Brink P, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Calkins R, Cameron R, Cartaro C, Cerdeño D, Chang YY, Cooley J, Cornell B, Cushman P, De Brienne F, Doughty T, Fascione E, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Fink C, Fritts M, Gerbier G, Germond R, Ghaith M, Golwala S, Harris H, Herbert N, Hong Z, Hoppe E, Hsu L, Huber M, Iyer V, Jardin D, Jastram A, Jena C, Kelsey M, Kennedy A, Kubik A, Kurinsky N, Lawrence R, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, MacDonell D, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Mast N, Miller E, Mirabolfathi N, Mohanty B, Morales Mendoza J, Nelson J, Neog H, Orrell J, Oser S, Page W, Partridge R, Pepin M, Ponce F, Poudel S, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Reisetter A, Ren R, Reynolds T, Roberts A, Robinson A, Rogers H, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Scarff A, Schnee R, Scorza S, Senapati K, Serfass B, Speller D, Stanford C, Stein M, Street J, Tanaka H, Toback D, Underwood R, Villano A, von Krosigk B, Watkins S, Wilson J, Wilson M, Winchell J, Wright D, Yellin S, Young B, Zhang X, Zhao X. Search for low-mass dark matter with CDMSlite using a profile likelihood fit. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Agnese R, Aralis T, Aramaki T, Arnquist IJ, Azadbakht E, Baker W, Banik S, Barker D, Bauer DA, Binder T, Bowles MA, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Calkins R, Cartaro C, Cerdeño DG, Chang YY, Cooley J, Cornell B, Cushman P, Di Stefano PCF, Doughty T, Fascione E, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Fink C, Fritts M, Gerbier G, Germond R, Ghaith M, Golwala SR, Harris HR, Hong Z, Hoppe EW, Hsu L, Huber ME, Iyer V, Jardin D, Jena C, Kelsey MH, Kennedy A, Kubik A, Kurinsky NA, Lawrence RE, Leyva JV, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, MacDonell D, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Mast N, Miller EH, Mirabolfathi N, Mohanty B, Morales Mendoza JD, Nelson J, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Page WA, Partridge R, Pepin M, Phipps A, Ponce F, Poudel S, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Reisetter A, Reynolds T, Roberts A, Robinson AE, Rogers HE, Romani RK, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Scarff A, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Senapati K, Serfass B, So J, Speller D, Stanford C, Stein M, Street J, Tanaka HA, Toback D, Underwood R, Villano AN, von Krosigk B, Watkins SL, Wilson JS, Wilson MJ, Winchell J, Wright DH, Yellin S, Young BA, Zhang X, Zhao X. Erratum: First Dark Matter Constraints from a SuperCDMS Single-Charge Sensitive Detector [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 051301 (2018)]. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:069901. [PMID: 30822060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.069901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051301.
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Qi HX, Cao Q, Sun XZ, Zhou W, Hong Z, Hu J, -X Juan C, Li S, Kuai WX. MiR-410 regulates malignant biological behavior of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia through targeting FKBP5 and Akt signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22:8797-8804. [PMID: 30575921 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201812_16647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-410 in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and to explore the possible underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression level of miR-410 in ALL cases and cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to evaluate the interaction between miR-410 and FKBP5. MTT and colony formation assay were used to determine the effect of miR-410 on the proliferation and colony formation ability of ALL cells. The effect of miR-410 on cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate 1 (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI). Western blot was used to analyze the effect of miR-410 on the protein expression levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS In our investigation, miR-410 was significantly up-regulated in ALL cases and cells. We searched three public databases to predict the potential target of miR-410, and found that FKBP5 was a direct target of miR-410. Meanwhile, Luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed our hypothesis. The overexpression of miR-410 accelerated the proliferation and colony formation ability of ALL cells, whereas remarkably decreased cell apoptosis rate. Western blotting showed that miR-410 inhibited the activation of Akt signaling pathway. However, FKBP5 could reverse the effects of miR-410. CONCLUSIONS MiR-410 regulated the proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis of ALL cells through targeting FKBP5 and Akt signal pathway, indicating that miR-410 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-X Qi
- Department Of Pediatrcis, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China.
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Sun Y, Liu Y, He W, Wang C, Tickner J, Kuek V, Zhou C, Wang H, Zou X, Hong Z, Yang F, Shao M, Chen L, Xu J. Cajaninstilbene acid inhibits osteoporosis through suppressing osteoclast formation and RANKL-induced signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11792-11804. [PMID: 30515822 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a form of osteolytic disease caused by an imbalance in bone homeostasis, with reductions in osteoblast bone formation, and augmented osteoclast formation and resorption resulting in reduced bone mass. Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA) is a natural compound derived from pigeon pea leaves. CSA possesses beneficial properties as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihepatitis, and anticancer agent; however, its potential to modulate bone homeostasis and osteoporosis has not been studied. We observed that CSA has the ability to suppress RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast marker gene expression, and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, it was revealed that CSA attenuates RANKL-activated NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T-cell pathways and inhibited phosphorylation of key signaling mediators c-Fos, V-ATPase-d2, and ERK. Moreover, in osteoclasts, CSA blocked RANKL-induced ROS activity as well as calcium oscillations. We further evaluated the therapeutic effect of CSA in a preclinical mouse model and showed that in vivo treatment of ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice with CSA protects the mice from osteoporotic bone loss. Thus, this study demonstrates that osteolytic bone diseases can potentially be treated by CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vincent Kuek
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuting Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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40
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Agnese R, Aralis T, Aramaki T, Arnquist IJ, Azadbakht E, Baker W, Banik S, Barker D, Bauer DA, Binder T, Bowles MA, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Calkins R, Cartaro C, Cerdeño DG, Chang YY, Cooley J, Cornell B, Cushman P, Di Stefano PCF, Doughty T, Fascione E, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Fink C, Fritts M, Gerbier G, Germond R, Ghaith M, Golwala SR, Harris HR, Hong Z, Hoppe EW, Hsu L, Huber ME, Iyer V, Jardin D, Jena C, Kelsey MH, Kennedy A, Kubik A, Kurinsky NA, Lawrence RE, Leyva JV, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, MacDonell D, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Mast N, Miller EH, Mirabolfathi N, Mohanty B, Morales Mendoza JD, Nelson J, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Page WA, Partridge R, Pepin M, Phipps A, Ponce F, Poudel S, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Reisetter A, Reynolds T, Roberts A, Robinson AE, Rogers HE, Romani RK, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Scarff A, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Senapati K, Serfass B, So J, Speller D, Stanford C, Stein M, Street J, Tanaka HA, Toback D, Underwood R, Villano AN, von Krosigk B, Watkins SL, Wilson JS, Wilson MJ, Winchell J, Wright DH, Yellin S, Young BA, Zhang X, Zhao X. First Dark Matter Constraints from a SuperCDMS Single-Charge Sensitive Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:051301. [PMID: 30118251 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the first limits on inelastic electron-scattering dark matter and dark photon absorption using a prototype SuperCDMS detector having a charge resolution of 0.1 electron-hole pairs (CDMS HVeV, a 0.93 g CDMS high-voltage device). These electron-recoil limits significantly improve experimental constraints on dark matter particles with masses as low as 1 MeV/c^{2}. We demonstrate a sensitivity to dark photons competitive with other leading approaches but using substantially less exposure (0.49 g d). These results demonstrate the scientific potential of phonon-mediated semiconductor detectors that are sensitive to single electronic excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Agnese
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Aralis
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Aramaki
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E Azadbakht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - W Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S Banik
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - D Barker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Binder
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M A Bowles
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Calkins
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D G Cerdeño
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y-Y Chang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Cornell
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - P C F Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T Doughty
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Fascione
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - C Fink
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Gerbier
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Germond
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ghaith
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H R Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - V Iyer
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - D Jardin
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - C Jena
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - M H Kelsey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Kennedy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Kubik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N A Kurinsky
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R E Lawrence
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J V Leyva
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B Loer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D MacDonell
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Mast
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E H Miller
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B Mohanty
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Nelson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J L Orrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S M Oser
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W A Page
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Pepin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Phipps
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Ponce
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - W Rau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A Reisetter
- Department of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana 47722, USA
| | - T Reynolds
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - A E Robinson
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - H E Rogers
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R K Romani
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Scarff
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Scorza
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - K Senapati
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni-752050, India
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J So
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - D Speller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Stanford
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Stein
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - J Street
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - H A Tanaka
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - D Toback
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R Underwood
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A N Villano
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B von Krosigk
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S L Watkins
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M J Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - J Winchell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Hongning Y, Ruiqin X, Jing W, Gaojie H, Xuqian Z, Hong Z, Yajing M, Fan L, Jingchao L, Chenglong M, Wei C. Assessment of left atrial function and dyssynchrony by real time three-dimensional echocardiography predicts recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22:3151-3159. [PMID: 29863261 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201805_15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Left atrial volume and function are associated with recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency ablation. A relationship between left atrial mechanical dyssynchrony and AF recurrence is presently unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether left atrial volume, function, and dyssynchrony were associated with AF recurrence in patients with normal left ventricular function, and normal or mildly enlarged left atrium, if assessed by the Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 88 patients with AF who had their first pulmonary vein isolation. There were 67 patients without and 21 patients with AF recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. Real-time 3DE was performed in the sinus rhythm the day before radiofrequency ablation. Left atrial volumes (maximum, minimum and preA), functions (passive, active and reservoir) and dyssynchrony were calculated. The latter was quantified by the standard deviation of time to minimum systolic volume (Tmsv-SD) from the end-diastole. RESULTS There was no difference between left atrial volume and function in patients with or without AF recurrence. However, significant differences in left atrial Tmsv-SD were observed in patients with AF recurrence. CONCLUSIONS In patients with normal left ventricular function, and normal/mildly enlarged left atrium, left atrial Tmsv-SD assessment by Real-time 3DE is a useful predictor of AF recurrence after radiofrequency ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hongning
- Department of Echocardiography, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.
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42
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Si J, Aihong M, Hong Z. PO-128 MicroRNA-449A enhances the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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43
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Aaltonen T, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Annovi A, Antos J, Apollinari G, Appel JA, Arisawa T, Artikov A, Asaadi J, Ashmanskas W, Auerbach B, Aurisano A, Azfar F, Badgett W, Bae T, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barnes VE, Barnett BA, Barria P, Bartos P, Bauce M, Bedeschi F, Behari S, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Bhatti A, Bland KR, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Bortoletto D, Boudreau J, Boveia A, Brigliadori L, Bromberg C, Brucken E, Budagov J, Budd HS, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Butti P, Buzatu A, Calamba A, Camarda S, Campanelli M, Canelli F, Carls B, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carrillo S, Casal B, Casarsa M, Castro A, Catastini P, Cauz D, Cavaliere V, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chen YC, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Cho K, Chokheli D, Clark A, Clarke C, Convery ME, Conway J, Corbo M, Cordelli M, Cox CA, Cox DJ, Cremonesi M, Cruz D, Cuevas J, Culbertson R, d'Ascenzo N, Datta M, de Barbaro P, Demortier L, Deninno M, D'Errico M, Devoto F, Di Canto A, Di Ruzza B, Dittmann JR, Donati S, D'Onofrio M, Dorigo M, Driutti A, Ebina K, Edgar R, Elagin A, Erbacher R, Errede S, Esham B, Farrington S, Fernández Ramos JP, Field R, Flanagan G, Forrest R, Franklin M, Freeman JC, Frisch H, Funakoshi Y, Galloni C, Garfinkel AF, Garosi P, Gerberich H, Gerchtein E, Giagu S, Giakoumopoulou V, Gibson K, Ginsburg CM, Giokaris N, Giromini P, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gold M, Goldin D, Golossanov A, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, González López O, Gorelov I, Goshaw AT, Goulianos K, Gramellini E, Grosso-Pilcher C, Guimaraes da Costa J, Hahn SR, Han JY, Happacher F, Hara K, Hare M, Harr RF, Harrington-Taber T, Hatakeyama K, Hays C, Heinrich J, Herndon M, Hocker A, Hong Z, Hopkins W, Hou S, Hughes RE, Husemann U, Hussein M, Huston J, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ivanov A, James E, Jang D, Jayatilaka B, Jeon EJ, Jindariani S, Jones M, Joo KK, Jun SY, Junk TR, Kambeitz M, Kamon T, Karchin PE, Kasmi A, Kato Y, Ketchum W, Keung J, Kilminster B, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Kim SB, Kim YJ, Kim YK, Kimura N, Kirby M, Kondo K, Kong DJ, Konigsberg J, Kotwal AV, Kreps M, Kroll J, Kruse M, Kuhr T, Kurata M, Laasanen AT, Lammel S, Lancaster M, Lannon K, Latino G, Lee HS, Lee JS, Leo S, Leone S, Lewis JD, Limosani A, Lipeles E, Lister A, Liu Q, Liu T, Lockwitz S, Loginov A, Lucchesi D, Lucà A, Lueck J, Lujan P, Lukens P, Lungu G, Lys J, Lysak R, Madrak R, Maestro P, Malik S, Manca G, Manousakis-Katsikakis A, Marchese L, Margaroli F, Marino P, Matera K, Mattson ME, Mazzacane A, Mazzanti P, McNulty R, Mehta A, Mehtala P, Mesropian C, Miao T, Mietlicki D, Mitra A, Miyake H, Moed S, Moggi N, Moon CS, Moore R, Morello MJ, Mukherjee A, Muller T, Murat P, Mussini M, Nachtman J, Nagai Y, Naganoma J, Nakano I, Napier A, Nett J, Nigmanov T, Nodulman L, Noh SY, Norniella O, Oakes L, Oh SH, Oh YD, Okusawa T, Orava R, Ortolan L, Pagliarone C, Palencia E, Palni P, Papadimitriou V, Parker W, Pauletta G, Paulini M, Paus C, Phillips TJ, Piacentino G, Pianori E, Pilot J, Pitts K, Plager C, Pondrom L, Poprocki S, Potamianos K, Pranko A, Prokoshin F, Ptohos F, Punzi G, Redondo Fernández I, Renton P, Rescigno M, Rimondi F, Ristori L, Robson A, Rodriguez T, Rolli S, Ronzani M, Roser R, Rosner JL, Ruffini F, Ruiz A, Russ J, Rusu V, Sakumoto WK, Sakurai Y, Santi L, Sato K, Saveliev V, Savoy-Navarro A, Schlabach P, Schmidt EE, Schwarz T, Scodellaro L, Scuri F, Seidel S, Seiya Y, Semenov A, Sforza F, Shalhout SZ, Shears T, Shepard PF, Shimojima M, Shochet M, Shreyber-Tecker I, Simonenko A, Sliwa K, Smith JR, Snider FD, Song H, Sorin V, St Denis R, Stancari M, Stentz D, Strologas J, Sudo Y, Sukhanov A, Suslov I, Takemasa K, Takeuchi Y, Tang J, Tecchio M, Teng PK, Thom J, Thomson E, Thukral V, Toback D, Tokar S, Tollefson K, Tomura T, Tonelli D, Torre S, Torretta D, Totaro P, Trovato M, Ukegawa F, Uozumi S, Vázquez F, Velev G, Vellidis C, Vernieri C, Vidal M, Vilar R, Vizán J, Vogel M, Volpi G, Wagner P, Wallny R, Wang SM, Waters D, Wester WC, Whiteson D, Wicklund AB, Wilbur S, Williams HH, Wilson JS, Wilson P, Winer BL, Wittich P, Wolbers S, Wolfmeister H, Wright T, Wu X, Wu Z, Yamamoto K, Yamato D, Yang T, Yang UK, Yang YC, Yao WM, Yeh GP, Yi K, Yoh J, Yorita K, Yoshida T, Yu GB, Yu I, Zanetti AM, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Zucchelli S. Search for the Exotic Meson X(5568) with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:202006. [PMID: 29864341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.202006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A search for the exotic meson X(5568) decaying into the B_{s}^{0}π^{±} final state is performed using data corresponding to 9.6 fb^{-1} from pp[over ¯] collisions at sqrt[s]=1960 GeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. No evidence for this state is found and an upper limit of 6.7% at the 95% confidence level is set on the fraction of B_{s}^{0} produced through the X(5568)→B_{s}^{0}π^{±} process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aaltonen
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Amerio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Amidei
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Anastassov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Annovi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Antos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - G Apollinari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J A Appel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - A Artikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - J Asaadi
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - W Ashmanskas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Auerbach
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Aurisano
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - F Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - W Badgett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Bae
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - A Barbaro-Galtieri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V E Barnes
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - B A Barnett
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - P Barria
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Bartos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - M Bauce
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Bedeschi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Behari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Bellettini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Bellinger
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Benjamin
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Beretvas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bhatti
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - K R Bland
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
| | - B Blumenfeld
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - A Bocci
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Bodek
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Bortoletto
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - J Boudreau
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Boveia
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - L Brigliadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Brucken
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Budagov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - H S Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - K Burkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Busetto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Bussey
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Butti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Buzatu
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Calamba
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Camarda
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M Campanelli
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - F Canelli
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - B Carls
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D Carlsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Carosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Carrillo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Casal
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Casarsa
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - A Castro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Catastini
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Cauz
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - V Cavaliere
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Cerri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Cerrito
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Y C Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - M Chertok
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - G Chiarelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Chlachidze
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Cho
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - D Chokheli
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Clark
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - C Clarke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - M E Convery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Conway
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Corbo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Cordelli
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C A Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - D J Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Cremonesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Cruz
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Cuevas
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - R Culbertson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N d'Ascenzo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Datta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P de Barbaro
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - L Demortier
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - M Deninno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M D'Errico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Devoto
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Di Canto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Di Ruzza
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - S Donati
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M D'Onofrio
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Dorigo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Driutti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - K Ebina
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - R Edgar
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Elagin
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R Erbacher
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - S Errede
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - B Esham
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Farrington
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J P Fernández Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Field
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Flanagan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Forrest
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Franklin
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J C Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Frisch
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | - C Galloni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A F Garfinkel
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - P Garosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - H Gerberich
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - E Gerchtein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Giagu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - K Gibson
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - C M Ginsburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Giokaris
- University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - P Giromini
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Glagolev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - D Glenzinski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - D Goldin
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Golossanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Gomez
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - G Gomez-Ceballos
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Goncharov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O González López
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Gorelov
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - A T Goshaw
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Goulianos
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - E Gramellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Grosso-Pilcher
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | - S R Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Y Han
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - F Happacher
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - K Hara
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Hare
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R F Harr
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | | - C Hays
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Heinrich
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Herndon
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Hocker
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - W Hopkins
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Hou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - R E Hughes
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - U Husemann
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Hussein
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Huston
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Introzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M Iori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Ivanov
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - E James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Jang
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - B Jayatilaka
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E J Jeon
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - S Jindariani
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Jones
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - K K Joo
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - S Y Jun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - T R Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kambeitz
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Kamon
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P E Karchin
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - A Kasmi
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
| | - Y Kato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - W Ketchum
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Keung
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Kilminster
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D H Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J E Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S H Kim
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S B Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - N Kimura
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Kondo
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - D J Kong
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - J Konigsberg
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A V Kotwal
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Kreps
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kroll
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Kruse
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T Kuhr
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kurata
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A T Laasanen
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - S Lammel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Lancaster
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K Lannon
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - G Latino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - H S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - S Leo
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Leone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Lewis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Limosani
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Lipeles
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Lister
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Q Liu
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - T Liu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Lockwitz
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Loginov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D Lucchesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Lucà
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Lueck
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Lujan
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Lungu
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - J Lys
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Lysak
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - R Madrak
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Malik
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - G Manca
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | | | - L Marchese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Margaroli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Marino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - K Matera
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M E Mattson
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - A Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Mazzanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - R McNulty
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Mehta
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P Mehtala
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Mesropian
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Mietlicki
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Mitra
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - H Miyake
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Moed
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Moggi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C S Moon
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M J Morello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Mukherjee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Th Muller
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Murat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Mussini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Nachtman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Nagai
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | | | - I Nakano
- Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - A Napier
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Nett
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T Nigmanov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - L Nodulman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Y Noh
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - O Norniella
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - L Oakes
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S H Oh
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y D Oh
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - T Okusawa
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - R Orava
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Ortolan
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - C Pagliarone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - E Palencia
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - P Palni
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - V Papadimitriou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Parker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Pauletta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Paulini
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - C Paus
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T J Phillips
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - G Piacentino
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Pianori
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Pilot
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K Pitts
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C Plager
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
| | - L Pondrom
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Poprocki
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Potamianos
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Pranko
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Prokoshin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - F Ptohos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Punzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Redondo Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Renton
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Rescigno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Rimondi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Ristori
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Robson
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Rodriguez
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S Rolli
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Ronzani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Roser
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J L Rosner
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - F Ruffini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Russ
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - V Rusu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W K Sakumoto
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | | | - L Santi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - K Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - V Saveliev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Savoy-Navarro
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E E Schmidt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Schwarz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - L Scodellaro
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - F Scuri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Seidel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Y Seiya
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - A Semenov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - F Sforza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Z Shalhout
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - T Shears
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P F Shepard
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - M Shimojima
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Shochet
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - I Shreyber-Tecker
- Institution for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - A Simonenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - K Sliwa
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J R Smith
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - F D Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Song
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - V Sorin
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - R St Denis
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Stentz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Strologas
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Y Sudo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A Sukhanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Suslov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - K Takemasa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Y Takeuchi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - J Tang
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Tecchio
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P K Teng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - J Thom
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Thomson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - V Thukral
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D Toback
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S Tokar
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - K Tollefson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Tomura
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - D Tonelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Torre
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - D Torretta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Totaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Trovato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ukegawa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Uozumi
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - F Vázquez
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Velev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Vellidis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Vernieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Vidal
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - R Vilar
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Vizán
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Vogel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - G Volpi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Wagner
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - R Wallny
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S M Wang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - D Waters
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - W C Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Whiteson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A B Wicklund
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Wilbur
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - H H Williams
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P Wilson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B L Winer
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - P Wittich
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Wolfmeister
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Wright
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - X Wu
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Z Wu
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
| | - K Yamamoto
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - D Yamato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - U K Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Y C Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - W-M Yao
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G P Yeh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Yi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Yoh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Yorita
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - G B Yu
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I Yu
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - A M Zanetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Y Zeng
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Zhou
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S Zucchelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
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Agnese R, Aramaki T, Arnquist IJ, Baker W, Balakishiyeva D, Banik S, Barker D, Basu Thakur R, Bauer DA, Binder T, Bowles MA, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Calkins R, Cartaro C, Cerdeño DG, Chang Y, Chen Y, Cooley J, Cornell B, Cushman P, Daal M, Di Stefano PCF, Doughty T, Fascione E, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Fritts M, Gerbier G, Germond R, Ghaith M, Godfrey GL, Golwala SR, Hall J, Harris HR, Hong Z, Hoppe EW, Hsu L, Huber ME, Iyer V, Jardin D, Jastram A, Jena C, Kelsey MH, Kennedy A, Kubik A, Kurinsky NA, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, MacDonell D, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Mast N, Miller EH, Mirabolfathi N, Mohanty B, Morales Mendoza JD, Nelson J, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Page K, Page WA, Partridge R, Penalver Martinez M, Pepin M, Phipps A, Poudel S, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Redl P, Reisetter A, Reynolds T, Roberts A, Robinson AE, Rogers HE, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schneck K, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Senapati K, Serfass B, Speller D, Stein M, Street J, Tanaka HA, Toback D, Underwood R, Villano AN, von Krosigk B, Welliver B, Wilson JS, Wilson MJ, Wright DH, Yellin S, Yen JJ, Young BA, Zhang X, Zhao X. Results from the Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment at Soudan. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:061802. [PMID: 29481237 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.061802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the result of a blinded search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the majority of the SuperCDMS Soudan data set. With an exposure of 1690 kg d, a single candidate event is observed, consistent with expected backgrounds. This analysis (combined with previous Ge results) sets an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.4×10^{-44} (1.0×10^{-44}) cm^{2} at 46 GeV/c^{2}. These results set the strongest limits for WIMP-germanium-nucleus interactions for masses >12 GeV/c^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Agnese
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Aramaki
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - W Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D Balakishiyeva
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - S Banik
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - D Barker
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Basu Thakur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Binder
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M A Bowles
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D O Caldwell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - R Calkins
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D G Cerdeño
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Chang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Cornell
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Daal
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P C F Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T Doughty
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Fascione
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - M Fritts
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Gerbier
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Germond
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ghaith
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G L Godfrey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Hall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H R Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - V Iyer
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - D Jardin
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - A Jastram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - C Jena
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M H Kelsey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Kennedy
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Kubik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N A Kurinsky
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Loer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D MacDonell
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Mast
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E H Miller
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B Mohanty
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Nelson
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J L Orrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S M Oser
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - K Page
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - W A Page
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - M Pepin
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Phipps
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - W Rau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Reisetter
- Department of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana 47722, USA
| | - T Reynolds
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A E Robinson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H E Rogers
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Schneck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Scorza
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - K Senapati
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Speller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Stein
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - J Street
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - H A Tanaka
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - D Toback
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R Underwood
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A N Villano
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B von Krosigk
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - B Welliver
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 32611, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M J Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J J Yen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Aaltonen T, Abazov VM, Abbott B, Acharya BS, Adams M, Adams T, Agnew JP, Alexeev GD, Alkhazov G, Alton A, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Annovi A, Antos J, Apollinari G, Appel JA, Arisawa T, Artikov A, Asaadi J, Ashmanskas W, Askew A, Atkins S, Auerbach B, Augsten K, Aurisano A, Aushev V, Aushev Y, Avila C, Azfar F, Badaud F, Badgett W, Bae T, Bagby L, Baldin B, Bandurin DV, Banerjee S, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barberis E, Baringer P, Barnes VE, Barnett BA, Barria P, Bartlett JF, Bartos P, Bassler U, Bauce M, Bazterra V, Bean A, Bedeschi F, Begalli M, Behari S, Bellantoni L, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Beri SB, Bernardi G, Bernhard R, Bertram I, Besançon M, Beuselinck R, Bhat PC, Bhatia S, Bhatnagar V, Bhatti A, Bland KR, Blazey G, Blessing S, Bloom K, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Boehnlein A, Boline D, Boos EE, Borissov G, Bortoletto D, Borysova M, Boudreau J, Boveia A, Brandt A, Brandt O, Brigliadori L, Brochmann M, Brock R, Bromberg C, Bross A, Brown D, Brucken E, Bu XB, Budagov J, Budd HS, Buehler M, Buescher V, Bunichev V, Burdin S, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Buszello CP, Butti P, Buzatu A, Calamba A, Camacho-Pérez E, Camarda S, Campanelli M, Canelli F, Carls B, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carrillo S, Casal B, Casarsa M, Casey BCK, Castilla-Valdez H, Castro A, Catastini P, Caughron S, Cauz D, Cavaliere V, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chakrabarti S, Chan KM, Chandra A, Chapelain A, Chapon E, Chen G, Chen YC, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Cho K, Cho SW, Choi S, Chokheli D, Choudhary B, Cihangir S, Claes D, Clark A, Clarke C, Clutter J, Convery ME, Conway J, Cooke M, Cooper WE, Corbo M, Corcoran M, Cordelli M, Couderc F, Cousinou MC, Cox CA, Cox DJ, Cremonesi M, Cruz D, Cuevas J, Culbertson R, Cuth J, Cutts D, Das A, d'Ascenzo N, Datta M, Davies G, de Barbaro P, de Jong SJ, De La Cruz-Burelo E, Déliot F, Demina R, Demortier L, Deninno M, Denisov D, Denisov SP, D'Errico M, Desai S, Deterre C, DeVaughan K, Devoto F, Di Canto A, Di Ruzza B, Diehl HT, Diesburg M, Ding PF, Dittmann JR, Dominguez A, Donati S, D'Onofrio M, Dorigo M, Driutti A, Drutskoy A, Dubey A, Dudko LV, Duperrin A, Dutt S, Eads M, Ebina K, Edgar R, Edmunds D, Elagin A, Ellison J, Elvira VD, Enari Y, Erbacher R, Errede S, Esham B, Evans H, Evdokimov A, Evdokimov VN, Farrington S, Fauré A, Feng L, Ferbel T, Fernández Ramos JP, Fiedler F, Field R, Filthaut F, Fisher W, Fisk HE, Flanagan G, Forrest R, Fortner M, Fox H, Franc J, Franklin M, Freeman JC, Frisch H, Fuess S, Funakoshi Y, Galloni C, Garbincius PH, Garcia-Bellido A, García-González JA, Garfinkel AF, Garosi P, Gavrilov V, Geng W, Gerber CE, Gerberich H, Gerchtein E, Gershtein Y, Giagu S, Giakoumopoulou V, Gibson K, Ginsburg CM, Ginther G, Giokaris N, Giromini P, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gogota O, Gold M, Goldin D, Golossanov A, Golovanov G, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, González López O, Gorelov I, Goshaw AT, Goulianos K, Gramellini E, Grannis PD, Greder S, Greenlee H, Grenier G, Gris P, Grivaz JF, Grohsjean A, Grosso-Pilcher C, Grünendahl S, Grünewald MW, Guillemin T, Guimaraes da Costa J, Gutierrez G, Gutierrez P, Hahn SR, Haley J, Han JY, Han L, Happacher F, Hara K, Harder K, Hare M, Harel A, Harr RF, Harrington-Taber T, Hatakeyama K, Hauptman JM, Hays C, Hays J, Head T, Hebbeker T, Hedin D, Hegab H, Heinrich J, Heinson AP, Heintz U, Hensel C, Heredia-De La Cruz I, Herndon M, Herner K, Hesketh G, Hildreth MD, Hirosky R, Hoang T, Hobbs JD, Hocker A, Hoeneisen B, Hogan J, Hohlfeld M, Holzbauer JL, Hong Z, Hopkins W, Hou S, Howley I, Hubacek Z, Hughes RE, Husemann U, Hussein M, Huston J, Hynek V, Iashvili I, Ilchenko Y, Illingworth R, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ito AS, Ivanov A, Jabeen S, Jaffré M, James E, Jang D, Jayasinghe A, Jayatilaka B, Jeon EJ, Jeong MS, Jesik R, Jiang P, Jindariani S, Johns K, Johnson E, Johnson M, Jonckheere A, Jones M, Jonsson P, Joo KK, Joshi J, Jun SY, Jung AW, Junk TR, Juste A, Kajfasz E, Kambeitz M, Kamon T, Karchin PE, Karmanov D, Kasmi A, 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Combined Forward-Backward Asymmetry Measurements in Top-Antitop Quark Production at the Tevatron. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:042001. [PMID: 29437406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron have measured the asymmetry between yields of forward- and backward-produced top and antitop quarks based on their rapidity difference and the asymmetry between their decay leptons. These measurements use the full data sets collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV. We report the results of combinations of the inclusive asymmetries and their differential dependencies on relevant kinematic quantities. The combined inclusive asymmetry is A_{FB}^{tt[over ¯]}=0.128±0.025. The combined inclusive and differential asymmetries are consistent with recent standard model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aaltonen
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - V M Abazov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - B Abbott
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - B S Acharya
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400 005, India
| | - M Adams
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - T Adams
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - J P Agnew
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Alexeev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - G Alkhazov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - A Alton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - S Amerio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Amidei
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Anastassov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Annovi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Antos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - G Apollinari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J A Appel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - A Artikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - J Asaadi
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - W Ashmanskas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Askew
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - S Atkins
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - B Auerbach
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Augsten
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - A Aurisano
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Aushev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - Y Aushev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - C Avila
- Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - F Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - F Badaud
- LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - W Badgett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Bae
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - L Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Baldin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D V Bandurin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Banerjee
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400 005, India
| | - A Barbaro-Galtieri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Barberis
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - P Baringer
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - V E Barnes
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - B A Barnett
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - P Barria
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J F Bartlett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Bartos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - U Bassler
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Bauce
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Bazterra
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - A Bean
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - F Bedeschi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Begalli
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550, Brazil
| | - S Behari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Bellettini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Bellinger
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Benjamin
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Beretvas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S B Beri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - G Bernardi
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R Bernhard
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - I Bertram
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - M Besançon
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Beuselinck
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P C Bhat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Bhatia
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | | | - A Bhatti
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - K R Bland
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
| | - G Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - S Blessing
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - K Bloom
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - B Blumenfeld
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - A Bocci
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Bodek
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Boehnlein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Boline
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - E E Boos
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - G Borissov
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - D Bortoletto
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - M Borysova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - J Boudreau
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Boveia
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Brandt
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - O Brandt
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Brigliadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Brochmann
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Brock
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Brown
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - E Brucken
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - X B Bu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Budagov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - H S Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Buehler
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Buescher
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Bunichev
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - S Burdin
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - K Burkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Busetto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Bussey
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - P Butti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Buzatu
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Calamba
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | - S Camarda
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M Campanelli
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - F Canelli
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - B Carls
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D Carlsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Carosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Carrillo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Casal
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Casarsa
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - B C K Casey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - A Castro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Catastini
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Caughron
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Cauz
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - V Cavaliere
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Cerri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Cerrito
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S Chakrabarti
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - K M Chan
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - A Chandra
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - A Chapelain
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E Chapon
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - G Chen
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Y C Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - M Chertok
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - G Chiarelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Chlachidze
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Cho
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S W Cho
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - S Choi
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - D Chokheli
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | | | - S Cihangir
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Claes
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - A Clark
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - C Clarke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - J Clutter
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - M E Convery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Conway
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Cooke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W E Cooper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Corbo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Corcoran
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - M Cordelli
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F Couderc
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M-C Cousinou
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - C A Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - D J Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Cremonesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Cruz
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Cuevas
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - R Culbertson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Cuth
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Cutts
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A Das
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - N d'Ascenzo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Datta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Davies
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P de Barbaro
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - S J de Jong
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - F Déliot
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Demina
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - L Demortier
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - M Deninno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Denisov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S P Denisov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - M D'Errico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Desai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Deterre
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K DeVaughan
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - F Devoto
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Di Canto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Di Ruzza
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H T Diehl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Diesburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P F Ding
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Dominguez
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - S Donati
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M D'Onofrio
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Dorigo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Driutti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - A Drutskoy
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - A Dubey
- Delhi University, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - L V Dudko
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A Duperrin
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - S Dutt
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - K Ebina
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - R Edgar
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Elagin
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Ellison
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - V D Elvira
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Enari
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R Erbacher
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - S Errede
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - B Esham
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - H Evans
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - V N Evdokimov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - S Farrington
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Fauré
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L Feng
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - T Ferbel
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J P Fernández Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Fiedler
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Field
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Filthaut
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - W Fisher
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H E Fisk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Flanagan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Forrest
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Fortner
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - H Fox
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - J Franc
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - M Franklin
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J C Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Frisch
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - C Galloni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P H Garbincius
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | | | - A F Garfinkel
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - P Garosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Gavrilov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - W Geng
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - C E Gerber
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - H Gerberich
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - E Gerchtein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Gershtein
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - S Giagu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - K Gibson
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - C M Ginsburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Ginther
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Giokaris
- University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - P Giromini
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Glagolev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - D Glenzinski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - O Gogota
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - M Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - D Goldin
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Golossanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Golovanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - G Gomez
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - G Gomez-Ceballos
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Goncharov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O González López
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Gorelov
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - A T Goshaw
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Goulianos
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - E Gramellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P D Grannis
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - S Greder
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - H Greenlee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Grenier
- IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France and Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Ph Gris
- LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - J-F Grivaz
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Grohsjean
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Grosso-Pilcher
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Grünendahl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - T Guillemin
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | - G Gutierrez
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Gutierrez
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - S R Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Haley
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - J Y Han
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - L Han
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - F Happacher
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - K Hara
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - K Harder
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Hare
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - A Harel
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R F Harr
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | | | | - C Hays
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Hays
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T Head
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - T Hebbeker
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Hedin
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - H Hegab
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - J Heinrich
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A P Heinson
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - U Heintz
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C Hensel
- LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290, Brazil
| | | | - M Herndon
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Hesketh
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M D Hildreth
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - R Hirosky
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - T Hoang
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - J D Hobbs
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - A Hocker
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Hoeneisen
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170157, Ecuador
| | - J Hogan
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - M Hohlfeld
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J L Holzbauer
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - W Hopkins
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Hou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - I Howley
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Z Hubacek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R E Hughes
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - U Husemann
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Hussein
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Huston
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - V Hynek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - I Iashvili
- State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Y Ilchenko
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - R Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Introzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M Iori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A S Ito
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Ivanov
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - S Jabeen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Jaffré
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - E James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Jang
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - A Jayasinghe
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - B Jayatilaka
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E J Jeon
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M S Jeong
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - R Jesik
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - S Jindariani
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Johns
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - E Johnson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Johnson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Jonckheere
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Jones
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - P Jonsson
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - K K Joo
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J Joshi
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - S Y Jun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - A W Jung
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T R Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Juste
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - E Kajfasz
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - M Kambeitz
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Kamon
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P E Karchin
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - D Karmanov
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A Kasmi
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
| | - Y Kato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - I Katsanos
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - M Kaur
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - R Kehoe
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - S Kermiche
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - W Ketchum
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Keung
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - N Khalatyan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Khanov
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - A Kharchilava
- State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Y N Kharzheev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - B Kilminster
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D H Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J E Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S H Kim
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S B Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - N Kimura
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Kiselevich
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - J M Kohli
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - K Kondo
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - D J Kong
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J Konigsberg
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A V Kotwal
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A V Kozelov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - J Kraus
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - M Kreps
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kroll
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Kruse
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T Kuhr
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Kumar
- State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - A Kupco
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Kurata
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - T Kurča
- IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France and Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - V A Kuzmin
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A T Laasanen
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - S Lammel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Lammers
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - M Lancaster
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K Lannon
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - G Latino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Lebrun
- IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France and Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - H S Lee
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - W M Lee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - X Lei
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - J Lellouch
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S Leo
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Leone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Lewis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Li
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - H Li
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - L Li
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Q Z Li
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J K Lim
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - A Limosani
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Lincoln
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Linnemann
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - V V Lipaev
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - E Lipeles
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - R Lipton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Lister
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - H Liu
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - T Liu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - A Lobodenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - S Lockwitz
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Loginov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Lopes de Sa
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Lucchesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Lucà
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Lueck
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Lujan
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - G Lungu
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - A L Lyon
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Lys
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Lysak
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - A K A Maciel
- LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290, Brazil
| | - R Madar
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Madrak
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - S Malik
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - S Malik
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - V L Malyshev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - G Manca
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Mansour
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Marchese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Margaroli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Marino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - K Matera
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M E Mattson
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - A Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Mazzanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - R McCarthy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - C L McGivern
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R McNulty
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Mehta
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P Mehtala
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M M Meijer
- Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Melnitchouk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Menezes
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - P G Mercadante
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, SP 09210, Brazil
| | - M Merkin
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - C Mesropian
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - A Meyer
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Meyer
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Miconi
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Mietlicki
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Mitra
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - H Miyake
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Moed
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Moggi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - N K Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400 005, India
| | - C S Moon
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M J Morello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Mukherjee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Mulhearn
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Th Muller
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Murat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Mussini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Nachtman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Nagai
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | | | - E Nagy
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - I Nakano
- Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - A Napier
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Narain
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - R Nayyar
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - H A Neal
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J P Negret
- Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - J Nett
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P Neustroev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - H T Nguyen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - T Nigmanov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - L Nodulman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Y Noh
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - O Norniella
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Nunnemann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - L Oakes
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S H Oh
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y D Oh
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - T Okusawa
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - R Orava
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Orduna
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - L Ortolan
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - N Osman
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - C Pagliarone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - A Pal
- University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - E Palencia
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - P Palni
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - V Papadimitriou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Parashar
- Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana 46323, USA
| | - V Parihar
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S K Park
- Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - W Parker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Partridge
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - N Parua
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Patwa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G Pauletta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Paulini
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - C Paus
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Penning
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Perfilov
- Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Y Peters
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Petridis
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G Petrillo
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Pétroff
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - T J Phillips
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - G Piacentino
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Pianori
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Pilot
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K Pitts
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C Plager
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
| | - M-A Pleier
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V M Podstavkov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Pondrom
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A V Popov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - S Poprocki
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Potamianos
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Pranko
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Prewitt
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - D Price
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Prokopenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - F Prokoshin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - F Ptohos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Punzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Qian
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Quadt
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Quinn
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P N Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - I Razumov
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - I Redondo Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Renton
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Rescigno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Rimondi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Ripp-Baudot
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - L Ristori
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Rizatdinova
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - A Robson
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Rodriguez
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S Rolli
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Rominsky
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Ronzani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Roser
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J L Rosner
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Ross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - C Royon
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Rubinov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Ruchti
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - F Ruffini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Russ
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - V Rusu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Sajot
- LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - W K Sakumoto
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | | | | | - M P Sanders
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - L Santi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - A S Santos
- LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290, Brazil
| | - K Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - G Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Saveliev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Savitskyi
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - A Savoy-Navarro
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Sawyer
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - T Scanlon
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R D Schamberger
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Y Scheglov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - H Schellman
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - P Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E E Schmidt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Schott
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Schwanenberger
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - T Schwarz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Schwienhorst
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Scodellaro
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - F Scuri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Seidel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Y Seiya
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - J Sekaric
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - A Semenov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - H Severini
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - F Sforza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Shabalina
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Z Shalhout
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - V Shary
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Shaw
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A A Shchukin
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - T Shears
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P F Shepard
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - M Shimojima
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - O Shkola
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - M Shochet
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - I Shreyber-Tecker
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - V Simak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - A Simonenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - P Skubic
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - P Slattery
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - K Sliwa
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J R Smith
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - F D Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G R Snow
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - J Snow
- Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma 73050, USA
| | - S Snyder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - H Song
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - L Sonnenschein
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - V Sorin
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - K Soustruznik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Center for Particle Physics, Charles University, 116 36 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - R St Denis
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Stark
- LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - N Stefaniuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - D Stentz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D A Stoyanova
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - M Strauss
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - J Strologas
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Y Sudo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A Sukhanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - I Suslov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - L Suter
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Svoisky
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - K Takemasa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Y Takeuchi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - J Tang
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Tecchio
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P K Teng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - J Thom
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Thomson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - V Thukral
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M Titov
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Toback
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S Tokar
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - V V Tokmenin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - K Tollefson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Tomura
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - D Tonelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Torre
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - D Torretta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Totaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Trovato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Y-T Tsai
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Tsybychev
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - B Tuchming
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Tully
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Ukegawa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Uozumi
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - L Uvarov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - S Uvarov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia
| | - S Uzunyan
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - R Van Kooten
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | - N Varelas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - E W Varnes
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - I A Vasilyev
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region 142281, Russia
| | - F Vázquez
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Velev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C Vellidis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Y Verkheev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - C Vernieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L S Vertogradov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - M Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Vesterinen
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Vidal
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - D Vilanova
- CEA Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Vilar
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Vizán
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Vogel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - P Vokac
- Czech Technical University in Prague, 116 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - G Volpi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Wagner
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - H D Wahl
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - R Wallny
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M H L S Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S M Wang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - J Warchol
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D Waters
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - G Watts
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Wayne
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J Weichert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - W C Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Whiteson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A B Wicklund
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Wilbur
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - H H Williams
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - G W Wilson
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P Wilson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B L Winer
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - P Wittich
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Wobisch
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Wolfmeister
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D R Wood
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - T Wright
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - X Wu
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Z Wu
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
| | - T R Wyatt
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Y Xie
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Yamada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Yamamoto
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - D Yamato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - U K Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y C Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - W-M Yao
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Yasuda
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y A Yatsunenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - W Ye
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Z Ye
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G P Yeh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Yi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Yin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Yoh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Yorita
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - S W Youn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G B Yu
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I Yu
- Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea; Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J M Yu
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A M Zanetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Y Zeng
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Zennamo
- State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - T G Zhao
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - B Zhou
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C Zhou
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Zhu
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Zielinski
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Zieminska
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - L Zivkovic
- LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S Zucchelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
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Gardner SD, Kim J, Baptiste-Brown S, Lopez V, Hamatake R, Gan J, Edwards S, Elko-Simms L, Dumont EF, Leivers M, Hong Z, Paff MT. GSK2878175, a pan-genotypic non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor, in healthy and treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis C subjects. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:19-27. [PMID: 28692182 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
GSK2878175 is a potent, pan-genotypic, non-nucleoside, nonstructural protein 5B palm polymerase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). A first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose escalation study, evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of GSK2878175 administered as single and repeat oral doses (once daily for 14 days) to healthy volunteers. A separate proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled, repeat dose (once daily for 2 days) study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of GSK2878175 monotherapy in treatment-naïve, noncirrhotic, subjects with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 [1a and 1b], 2, or 3. No deaths or SAEs were reported in either study, and treatment was well-tolerated. Across all the HCV genotypes, GSK2878175 monotherapy at doses of 10, 30 or 60 mg once daily for 2 days produced a statistically significant multilog reduction (P<.001) in plasma HCV RNA log10 IU/mL from Baseline to 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first dose of GSK2878175 compared to placebo. The reduction in HCV RNA was sustained for a prolonged period across all of the active treatment groups, consistent with the long apparent half-life of GSK2878175 that was observed (mean t1/2 range: 60-63 hours in the CHC subjects). In summary, GSK2878175, when administered to healthy subjects and subjects with CHC, did not reveal any safety concerns that would limit or preclude further clinical development. GSK2878175 monotherapy across a wide dose range produced substantial reduction in HCV RNA, irrespective of HCV genotype. The results from these studies support further evaluation of GSK2878175-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Gardner
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Kim
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Baptiste-Brown
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - V Lopez
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R Hamatake
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Gan
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Edwards
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - L Elko-Simms
- Pharmaceutical Product Development, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - E F Dumont
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - M Leivers
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M T Paff
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Damodaran AR, Clarkson JD, Hong Z, Liu H, Yadav AK, Nelson CT, Hsu SL, McCarter MR, Park KD, Kravtsov V, Farhan A, Dong Y, Cai Z, Zhou H, Aguado-Puente P, García-Fernández P, Íñiguez J, Junquera J, Scholl A, Raschke MB, Chen LQ, Fong DD, Ramesh R, Martin LW. Phase coexistence and electric-field control of toroidal order in oxide superlattices. Nat Mater 2017; 16:1003-1009. [PMID: 28783161 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Systems that exhibit phase competition, order parameter coexistence, and emergent order parameter topologies constitute a major part of modern condensed-matter physics. Here, by applying a range of characterization techniques, and simulations, we observe that in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices all of these effects can be found. By exploring superlattice period-, temperature- and field-dependent evolution of these structures, we observe several new features. First, it is possible to engineer phase coexistence mediated by a first-order phase transition between an emergent, low-temperature vortex phase with electric toroidal order and a high-temperature ferroelectric a1/a2 phase. At room temperature, the coexisting vortex and ferroelectric phases form a mesoscale, fibre-textured hierarchical superstructure. The vortex phase possesses an axial polarization, set by the net polarization of the surrounding ferroelectric domains, such that it possesses a multi-order-parameter state and belongs to a class of gyrotropic electrotoroidal compounds. Finally, application of electric fields to this mixed-phase system permits interconversion between the vortex and the ferroelectric phases concomitant with order-of-magnitude changes in piezoelectric and nonlinear optical responses. Our findings suggest new cross-coupled functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Damodaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J D Clarkson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H Liu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A K Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C T Nelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S-L Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M R McCarter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K-D Park
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - V Kravtsov
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Farhan
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Y Dong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Z Cai
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Aguado-Puente
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - P García-Fernández
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - J Junquera
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - A Scholl
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - L-Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D D Fong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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48
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Zhou B, Hong Z, Zhao Q, Ding D, Guo Q, Kojima S, Fukushima M. The fist year follow-up of Shanghai MCI cohort study. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Zhong P, Kai-Ke T, Le-Yuan W, Hong Z, Yang C, Jing W, Bin Z, Yu-Chuan Y, Gang C, Zhi-Yong S. [Epidemic situation of imported malaria in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2017; 29:502-504. [PMID: 29508592 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2017018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation in Chengdu City, so as to provide the evidence for effectively carrying out the malaria elimination work. Methods The data of imported malaria in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016 were collected from the Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed respectively. Results A total of 240 imported malaria cases were reported in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016. In detail, 68.75% of the cases were falciparum malaria cases, 20.41% were vivax malaria cases, 2.50% were quartan malaria cases, 6.25% were ovale malaria cases, and 2.08% were mixed Plasmodium infections. Among them three patients died, with a mortality of 1.25%. All of the cases were infected overseas, among which 224 patients returned from Africa and 16 patients from Southeast Asia. The annual average morbidity was 0.28/100 000, and there was a significantly difference among annual average morbidities (χ2 = 23.87, P < 0.001). There were malaria cases reported in every month, and no significantly difference among seasons (χ2 = 0.833, P > 0.05). Conclusion The number of overseas imported malaria in Chengdu City increases year by year. The effective measures to control the overseas imported malaria should be strengthened to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhong
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - T Kai-Ke
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Le-Yuan
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z Hong
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C Yang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Jing
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z Bin
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Yu-Chuan
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C Gang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S Zhi-Yong
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
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50
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Deng L, Kong X, Liu G, Li C, Chen H, Hong Z, Liu J, Xia J. Transplantation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Efficiently Rescues Thioacetamide-Induced Acute Liver Failure in Mice. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2208-15. [PMID: 27569972 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) transplantation in acute liver failure caused by thioacetamide in mice as well as its underlying mechanism by comparing transplantation routes. METHODS ADMSCs were isolated from inguinal fat pads of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice and analyzed regarding their surface markers and differentiation potential. Acute liver failure models were established by infusion of thioacetamide, and then we injected EGFP-ADMSCs or phosphate-buffered saline solution by intrasplenic or intravenous route. The restoration of biologic functions of the livers receiving transplantation was assessed by means of a variety of approaches, such as survival rates, live function parameters, histology, localization of EGFP-ADMSCs, and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS ADMSCs were positive for CD90 and CD44 and negative for CD34 and had adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. And they prevented the release of liver injury biomarkers. Transplantation via tail vein provided a significant survival benefit, but no significant differences were observed in the intrasplenic pathway and between the 2 pathways in our animal experiments. Furthermore, the transplanted cells were well integrated into injured livers and produced albumin and cytokeratin-8. CONCLUSIONS Direct transplantation of ADMSCs is an effective treatment for acute liver failure rather than intrasplenic transplantation. The transplanted ADMSCs exhibit the potential to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in the injured livers. Thus, ADCMSCs would be a potential option for treatment of acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Deng
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China.
| | - X Kong
- Center of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - G Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - C Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - H Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Hong
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - J Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - J Xia
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
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