1
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Shaw ZL, Awad MN, Gharehgozlo S, Greaves TL, Haidari H, Kopecki Z, Bryant G, Spicer PT, Walia S, Elbourne A, Bryant SJ. Deep Eutectic Solvent Eutectogels for Delivery of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobials. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:1429-1434. [PMID: 38445589 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Gel-based wound dressings have gained popularity within the healthcare industry for the prevention and treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. Gels based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs), known as eutectogels, provide a promising alternative to hydrogels as they are non-volatile and highly tunable and can solubilize therapeutic agents, including those insoluble in hydrogels. A choline chloride:glycerol-cellulose eutectogel was loaded with numerous antimicrobial agents including silver nanoparticles, black phosphorus nanoflakes, and commercially available pharmaceuticals (octenidine dihydrochloride, tetracycline hydrochloride, and fluconazole). The eutectogels caused >97% growth reduction in Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and the fungal species Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Shaw
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Miyah N Awad
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hanif Haidari
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick T Spicer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sumeet Walia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Saffron J Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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2
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Kennewell TL, Haidari H, Mashtoub S, Howarth GS, Bennett C, Cooksley CM, Wormald PJ, Cowin AJ, Vreugde S, Kopecki Z. Deferiprone-Gallium-Protoporphyrin Chitogel Decreases Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infection without Impairing Wound Healing. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:793. [PMID: 38399044 PMCID: PMC10889926 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens encountered in clinical wound infections. Clinical studies have shown that P. aeruginosa infection results in a larger wound area, inhibiting healing, and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Hydroxypyridinone-derived iron chelator Deferiprone (Def) and heme analogue Gallium-Protoporphyrin (GaPP) in a chitosan-dextran hydrogel (Chitogel) have previously been demonstrated to be effective against PAO1 and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in vitro. Moreover, this combination of these two agents has been shown to improve sinus surgery outcomes by quickly reducing bleeding and preventing adhesions. In this study, the efficacy of Def-GaPP Chitogel was investigated in a P. aeruginosa biofilm-infected wound murine model over 6 days. Two concentrations of Def-GaPP Chitogel were investigated: Def-GaPP high dose (10 mM Def + 500 µg/mL GaPP) and Def-GaPP low dose (5 mM Def + 200 µg/mL GaPP). The high-dose Def-GaPP treatment reduced bacterial burden in vivo from day 2, without delaying wound closure. Additionally, Def-GaPP treatment decreased wound inflammation, as demonstrated by reduced neutrophil infiltration and increased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage presence within the wound bed to drive wound healing progression. Def-GaPP Chitogel treatment shows promising potential in reducing P. aeruginosa cutaneous infection with positive effects observed in the progression of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia L. Kennewell
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; (T.L.K.); (H.H.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Hanif Haidari
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; (T.L.K.); (H.H.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Suzanne Mashtoub
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Gordon S. Howarth
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia;
| | - Catherine Bennett
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (C.B.); (C.M.C.); (P.J.W.); (S.V.)
- Department of Surgery Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Clare M. Cooksley
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (C.B.); (C.M.C.); (P.J.W.); (S.V.)
- Department of Surgery Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Peter John Wormald
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (C.B.); (C.M.C.); (P.J.W.); (S.V.)
- Department of Surgery Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; (T.L.K.); (H.H.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (C.B.); (C.M.C.); (P.J.W.); (S.V.)
- Department of Surgery Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; (T.L.K.); (H.H.); (A.J.C.)
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3
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Desire CT, Arrua RD, Strudwick XL, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ, Hilder EF. The development of microfluidic-based western blotting: Technical advances and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463813. [PMID: 36709548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades significant technical advancement in the field of western blotting has been made possible through the utilization of microfluidic technologies. In this review we provide a critical overview of these advancements, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Particular attention is paid to the development of now commercially available systems, including those for single cell analysis. This review also discusses more recent developments, including algorithms for automation and/or improved quantitation, the utilization of different materials/chemistries, use of projection electrophoresis, and the development of triBlots. Finally, the review includes commentary on future advances in the field based on current developments, and the potential of these systems for use as point-of-care devices in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Desire
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - R Dario Arrua
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Emily F Hilder
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Haidari H, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptides for treatment of wound infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C29-C38. [PMID: 36409176 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00080.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Healing of cutaneous wounds is a fundamental process required to re-establish tissue integrity, repair skin barrier function, and restore skin homeostasis. Chronic wound infection, exacerbated by the growing development of resistance to conventional therapies, hinders the skin repair process and is a serious clinical problem affecting millions of people worldwide. In the past decade, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has attracted increasing attention as a potential novel strategy for the treatment of chronic wound infections due to their unique multifaceted mechanisms of action, and AMPs have been demonstrated to function as potent host-defense molecules that can control microbial proliferation, modulate host-immune responses, and act as endogenous mediators of wound healing. To date over 3,200 AMPs have been discovered either from living organisms or through synthetic derivation, some of which have progressed to clinical trials for the treatment of burn and wound injuries. However, progress to routine clinical use has been hindered due to AMPs' susceptibility to wound and environmental factors including changes in pH, proteolysis, hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis. This review will discuss the latest research focused on the development and applications of AMPs for wound infections using the latest nanotechnological approaches to improve AMP delivery, and stability to present effective combinatorial treatment for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Haidari
- Future Industries Institute and STEM Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute and STEM Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute and STEM Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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5
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Haidari H, Vasilev K, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Bacteria-Activated Dual pH- and Temperature-Responsive Hydrogel for Targeted Elimination of Infection and Improved Wound Healing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:51744-51762. [PMID: 36356210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial treatment that provides on-demand release of therapeutics that can kill a broad spectrum of pathogens while maintaining long-term efficacy and without developing resistance or causing side effects is urgently required in clinical practice. Here, we demonstrate the development of a multistimuli-responsive hydrogel, prepared by cross-linking N-isopropylacrylamide with acrylic acid and loaded with ultrasmall silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), offering the on-demand release of Ag+ ions triggered by changes in the wound microenvironment. We demonstrate that this dual-responsive hydrogel is highly sensitive to a typical wound pH and temperature change, evidenced by the restricted release of Ag+ ions at acidic pH (<5.5) while significantly promoting the release in alkaline pH (>7.4) (>90% release). The pH-dependent release and antibacterial effect show minimal killing at pH 4 or 5.5 but dramatically activated at pH 7.4 and 10, eliminating >95% of the pathogens. The in vivo antibacterial efficacy and safety showed a high potency to clear Staphylococcus aureus wound infection while significantly accelerating the wound healing rate. This multifunctional hydrogel presents a promising bacteria-responsive delivery platform that serves as an on-demand carrier to not only reduce side effects but also significantly boost the antibacterial efficiency based on physiological needs. It offers great potential to improve the way wound infections are treated with direct clinical implications, providing a single platform for long-lasting application in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Haidari
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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6
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Chen K, Yong J, Zauner R, Wally V, Whitelock J, Sajinovic M, Kopecki Z, Liang K, Scott KF, Mellick AS. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 as a Marker for Aggressive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225564. [PMID: 36428658 PMCID: PMC9688099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is a cell surface proteoglycan that is currently under investigation as a marker of cancer malignancy, and as a potential target of anticancer drug treatment. CSPG4 acts as a driver of tumourigenesis by regulating turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote tumour cell invasion, migration as well as inflammation and angiogenesis. While CSPG4 has been widely studied in certain malignancies, such as melanoma, evidence is emerging from global gene expression studies, which suggests a role for CSPG4 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While relatively treatable, lack of widely agreed upon diagnostic markers for SCCs is problematic, especially for clinicians managing certain patients, including those who are aged or infirm, as well as those with underlying conditions such as epidermolysis bullosa (EB), for which a delayed diagnosis is likely lethal. In this review, we have discussed the structure of CSPG4, and quantitatively analysed CSPG4 expression in the tissues and pathologies where it has been identified to determine the usefulness of CSPG4 expression as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in management of malignant SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Chen
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Joel Yong
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Roland Zauner
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - John Whitelock
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Mila Sajinovic
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Kieran Francis Scott
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Albert Sleiman Mellick
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
- Correspondence:
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7
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Thorn CR, Kopecki Z, Wignall A, Kral A, Prestidge CA, Thomas N. Liquid crystal nanoparticle platform for increased efficacy of cationic antimicrobials against biofilm infections. Nanomedicine 2022; 42:102536. [PMID: 35202839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm infections tolerate high concentrations of antibiotics and are insidiously challenging to treat. Liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs) advance the efficacy of tobramycin in biofilm-related infections by increasing the penetration of antibiotics across the biofilm matrix. Herewith, we develop the LCNPs as a platform technology, demonstrating that the LCNPs can increase the efficacy of two antibiotic classes (i.e. aminoglycosides and colistin) in P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. In C. elegans, the LCNPs potentiated the antimicrobial effect and significantly improved the survival of the nematodes. In mice with a full-thickness excisional wound, LCNPs were non-toxic and did not impair wound repair. Compared to the unformulated antibiotic treatment, tobramycin-LCNPs reduced the chronic bacterial load by 100-fold in the wound. This was also emulated in an ex vivo P. aeruginosa porcine wound infection model. The LCNPs represent a versatile platform technology that improves the efficacy of cationic antibiotics against biofilm infections utilizing multiple administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Thorn
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Future Industries Institute, UniSA, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, Adelaide, SA, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anita Kral
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, S.A. Pathology and University of South Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, Adelaide, SA, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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8
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Thorn CR, Wignall A, Kopecki Z, Kral A, Prestidge CA, Thomas N. Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles Enhance Tobramycin Efficacy in a Murine Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Wound Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:841-854. [PMID: 35255215 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections are highly prevalent and often untreatable due to biofilm formation, resulting in high antimicrobial tolerance. Standard antibiotic therapy for P. aeruginosa infections involves tobramycin, yet it is highly ineffective as monotherapy as tobramycin cannot penetrate the biofilm to elicit its antimicrobial effect. Lipid liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs) have previously been shown to increase the antimicrobial efficacy and penetration of tobramycin against P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro and ex vivo. Here, for the first time, we have developed a chronic P. aeruginosa biofilm infection in full-thickness wounds in mice to examine the potential of LCNPs to improve the effect of tobramycin, preclinically. After three doses, administered once a day, tobramycin-LCNPs significantly reduced the P. aeruginosa bacterial load in murine wounds 1000-fold more than unformulated tobramycin, which in turn showed no significant difference to the saline control treatment. Consistent with the improved P. aeruginosa eradication, the tobramycin-LCNPs promoted wound healing. In comparison to previous in vitro and ex vivo data, we show a strong in vitro-in vivo correlation between P. aeruginosa biofilm infection models. The enhanced activity of tobramycin-LCNPs in vivo in the preclinical murine model demonstrates the strong potential of LCNPs as a next-generation formulation approach to improve the efficacy of tobramycin against P. aeruginosa biofilm wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R. Thorn
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
- Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Anita Kral
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, S.A. Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Clive A. Prestidge
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
- Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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9
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May A, Kopecki Z, Carney B, Cowin A. Practical extended use of antimicrobial silver (PExUS). ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:1199-1205. [PMID: 35302703 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial silver has had a role in wound antisepsis throughout history and, with the rise in acquired antibiotic resistance, silver dressings are once again commonly used. Issues with silver dressings include the important environmental consideration of nanoparticle manufacture, and the significant financial cost of these products. One solution to these problems may be to adopt an opened-but-unused model of wound care whereby dressing materials are used in piecemeal fashion and excess stored in between dressing changes. Due to a lack of literature on the topic, this project was designed with the aim of testing the antimicrobial efficacy of available silver dressings during storage after opening. METHODS Four commonly used silver dressings were tested for antimicrobial activity using a zone of inhibition assay against clinically important pathogens. The assay was performed on opening of dressings and repeated over 3 months in storage at 4, 25 or 37°C. Analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA. Swab cultures were taken at each simulated dressing change to detect microbial contamination of the dressings during storage. RESULTS There was no effect of time or storage temperature on the zone of inhibition over the 12 week test period. No swabs taken returned culture consistent with microbial contamination of stored dressings. CONCLUSION Opened silver dressings maintain antimicrobial activity for at least 12 weeks in storage and are resistant to contamination. An opened-but-unused model for wound care is likely to improve cost-effectiveness while preserving effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew May
- Burns Surgery, The Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernard Carney
- Burns Surgery, The Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Haidari H, Bright R, Kopecki Z, Zilm PS, Garg S, Cowin AJ, Vasilev K, Goswami N. Polycationic Silver Nanoclusters Comprising Nanoreservoirs of Ag + Ions with High Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:390-403. [PMID: 34935355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver-based nano-antibiotics are rapidly developing as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Ideally, to remain potent against a wide range of drug-resistant and anaerobic bacteria, silver-based nano-antibiotics should easily penetrate through the bacterial cell walls and actively release silver ions. In this study, highly monodispersed, ultrasmall (<3 nm), polycationic silver nanoclusters (pAgNCs) are designed and synthesized for the elimination of a range of common Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens and their corresponding established and matured biofilms, including those composed of multiple species. The pAgNCs also show greatly enhanced antibacterial efficacy against anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus sanguinis. These results demonstrate that the cationic nature facilitates better penetration to the bacterial cell membrane while the presence of a high percentage (>50%) of silver ions (i.e., Ag+ nanoreservoirs) on the cluster surface maintains their efficiency in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Significantly, the pAgNCs showed a strong capacity to significantly delay the development of bacterial resistance when compared to similar-sized negatively charged silver nanoparticles or conventional antibiotics. This study demonstrates a novel design strategy that can lay the foundation for the development of future highly potent nano-antibiotics effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and biofilms needed in many everyday life applications and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Haidari
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Richard Bright
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Peter S Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Nirmal Goswami
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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11
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Yang GN, Strudwick XL, Bonder CS, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ. Increased Expression of Flightless I in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Affects Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413203. [PMID: 34948000 PMCID: PMC8703548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for 25% of cutaneous malignancies diagnosed in Caucasian populations. Surgical removal in combination with radiation and chemotherapy are effective treatments for cSCC. Nevertheless, the aggressive metastatic forms of cSCC still have a relatively poor patient outcome. Studies have linked actin cytoskeletal dynamics and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as important modulators of cSCC pathogenesis. Previous studies have also shown that the actin-remodeling protein Flightless (Flii) is a negative regulator of cSCC. The aim of this study was to investigate if the functional effects of Flii on cSCC involve the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Flii knockdown was performed using siRNA in a human late stage aggressive metastatic cSCC cell line (MET-1) alongside analysis of Flii genetic murine models of 3-methylcholanthrene induced cSCC. Flii was increased in a MET-1 cSCC cell line and reducing Flii expression led to fewer PCNA positive cells and a concomitant reduction in cellular proliferation and symmetrical division. Knockdown of Flii led to decreased β-catenin and a decrease in the expression of the downstream effector of β-catenin signaling protein SOX9. 3-Methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced cSCC in Flii overexpressing mice showed increased markers of cancer metastasis including talin and keratin-14 and a significant increase in SOX9 alongside a reduction in Flii associated protein (Flap-1). Taken together, this study demonstrates a role for Flii in regulating proteins involved in cSCC proliferation and tumor progression and suggests a potential role for Flii in aggressive metastatic cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gink N. Yang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (G.N.Y.); (X.L.S.); (Z.K.)
- Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Xanthe L. Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (G.N.Y.); (X.L.S.); (Z.K.)
| | - Claudine S. Bonder
- Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (G.N.Y.); (X.L.S.); (Z.K.)
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia; (G.N.Y.); (X.L.S.); (Z.K.)
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-83025018
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12
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Cowin AJ, Bayat A, Murray RZ, Kopecki Z. Editorial: Inflammation in Healing and Regeneration of Cutaneous Wounds. Front Immunol 2021; 12:806687. [PMID: 34868091 PMCID: PMC8639488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.806687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute and Science Technology Engineering and Maths (STEM) Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,South African Medical Research Council (MRC-SA) Wound Healing Unit, Division of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rachael Z Murray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute and Science Technology Engineering and Maths (STEM) Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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13
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May A, Kopecki Z, Carney B, Cowin A. Antimicrobial silver dressings: a review of emerging issues for modern wound care. ANZ J Surg 2021; 92:379-384. [PMID: 34806300 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Skin is an important barrier to pathogenic microorganisms and plays a critical role in a ctivation of innate immune responses. When the skin barrier is breached following wounding or burn injury, pathogens can invade and complicate healing with infection resulting in delayed healing and symptomatic scarring. Wound infection is a significant problem after burn injury and in patients with chronic wounds. Antimicrobial silver has had a significant role in wound antisepsis throughout history and, given the rise in community acquired antibiotic resistance, silver dressings are now commonly used to combat wound infection. The multi-modal mechanism of action, low potential for toxicity and formation of microbial resistance makes silver dressings suitable tools against a wide array of clinically important microbes. There are, however, a number of issues with silver dressings including a conflicting evidence base, the important environmental consideration of nanoparticle manufacture, and the significant cost of these products. One solution may be to adopt an 'opened-but-unused' means of wound care whereby bulk dressing materials are used piecemeal and stored in between dressing changes to increase the cost-effectiveness and reduced wastage. There is, however, little literature on this topic and so in vitro and clinical research must be performed to consider the efficacy of active ingredient dressings in wound care including silver dressings once opened and stored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew May
- Burns Unit, The Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernard Carney
- Burns Unit, The Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Haidari H, Bright R, Garg S, Vasilev K, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Eradication of Mature Bacterial Biofilms with Concurrent Improvement in Chronic Wound Healing Using Silver Nanoparticle Hydrogel Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1182. [PMID: 34572368 PMCID: PMC8470956 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections are a major cause of impaired wound healing. Despite the broad spectrum of anti-bacterial benefits provided by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), these materials still cause controversy due to cytotoxicity and a lack of efficacy against mature biofilms. Herein, highly potent ultrasmall AgNPs were combined with a biocompatible hydrogel with integrated synergistic functionalities to facilitate elimination of clinically relevant mature biofilms in-vivo combined with improved wound healing capacity. The delivery platform showed a superior release mechanism, reflected by high biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and extended antibacterial efficacy. In vivo studies using the S. aureus wound biofilm model showed that the AgNP hydrogel (200 µg/g) was highly effective in eliminating biofilm infection and promoting wound repair compared to the controls, including silver sulfadiazine (Ag SD). Treatment of infected wounds with the AgNP hydrogel resulted in faster wound closure (46% closure compared to 20% for Ag SD) and accelerated wound re-epithelization (60% for AgNP), as well as improved early collagen deposition. The AgNP hydrogel did not show any toxicity to tissue and/or organs. These findings suggest that the developed AgNP hydrogel has the potential to be a safe wound treatment capable of eliminating infection and providing a safe yet effective strategy for the treatment of infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Haidari
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (H.H.); (S.G.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Richard Bright
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (H.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (H.H.); (S.G.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (H.H.); (S.G.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
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15
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Haidari H, Bright R, Strudwick XL, Garg S, Vasilev K, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Multifunctional ultrasmall AgNP hydrogel accelerates healing of S. aureus infected wounds. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:420-434. [PMID: 33857695 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance coupled with the limited effectiveness of current treatments highlights the need for the development of new treatment modalities. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a promising alternative with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. However, the clinical translation of AgNPs have been hampered primarily due to the delivery of unsafe levels of silver ions (Ag+) resulting in cellular toxicity and their susceptibility to aggregation resulting in loss of efficacy. Here, we describe a safe and effective, thermo-responsive AgNP hydrogel that provides antibacterial effects in conjunction with wound promoting properties. Using a murine model of wound infection, we demonstrate that the applied AgNP hydrogel to the wound (12 µg silver) not only provides superior bactericidal activity but also reduces inflammation leading to accelerated wound closure when compared to industry-standard silver sulfadiazine (302 µg silver). The AgNP hydrogel-treatment significantly accelerated wound closure at day 4 post-infection (56 closure) compared to both blank hydrogel or Ag SD (74% and 91% closure respectively) with a concurrent increase in PCNA-positive proliferating cells corresponding with a significant 32% improvement in wound re-epithelization compared to the blank hydrogel. Treatment of infected wounds with AgNP hydrogel also decreased neutrophil infiltration, increased anti-inflammatory Ym-1 positive M2 macrophages, and reduced the number of caspase-1 positive apoptotic cells. Therefore, this novel multifunctional AgNP thermo-responsive hydrogel is potentially a safe and effective treatment at much lower concentration for the treatment of wound infections. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we describe the development of a multifunctional thermo-responsive hydrogel of ultrasmall silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for controlled and optimized delivery of silver to infected wounds. The in vivo biological effects of the developed hydrogel showed significant S. aureus elimination from infected mouse wounds compared to a commercial antibacterial formulation. The developed AgNP hydrogel optimally regulates inflammatory responses to promote wound healing as indicated by increased cell proliferation and wound re-epithelization. Additionally, AgNP hydrogel shows significant potential in regulating neutrophil infiltration while increasing levels of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and reduces the number of apoptotic cells. Therefore, the multifunctional properties of the developed AgNP thermo-responsive hydrogel offers great clinical potential to control bacterial infections and promote wound healing.
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Ireland C, Pelentsov L, Kopecki Z. Caring for a child with Epidermolysis Bullosa: a scoping review on the family impacts and support needs. WPR 2021. [DOI: 10.33235/wpr.29.2.86-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Haidari H, Kopecki Z, Sutton AT, Garg S, Cowin AJ, Vasilev K. pH-Responsive "Smart" Hydrogel for Controlled Delivery of Silver Nanoparticles to Infected Wounds. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:49. [PMID: 33466534 PMCID: PMC7824857 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent wound infections have been a therapeutic challenge for a long time. Current treatment approaches are mostly based on the delivery of antibiotics, but these are not effective for all infections. Here, we report the development of a sensitive pH-responsive hydrogel that can provide controlled, pH-triggered release of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This delivery system was designed to sense the environmental pH and trigger the release of AgNPs when the pH changes from acidic to alkaline, as occurs due to the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the wound. Our results show that the prepared hydrogel restricts the release of AgNPs at acidic pH (pH = 4) but substantially amplifies it at alkaline pH (pH = 7.4 and pH = 10). This indicates the potential use of the hydrogel for the on-demand release of Ag+ depending on the environmental pH. In vitro antibacterial studies demonstrated effective elimination of both Gram-negative and positive bacteria. Additionally, the effective antibacterial dose of Ag+ showed no toxicity towards mammalian skin cells. Collectively, this pH-responsive hydrogel presents potential as a promising new material for the treatment of infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Haidari
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (H.H.); (Z.K.); (S.G.); (A.J.C.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (H.H.); (Z.K.); (S.G.); (A.J.C.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Adam T. Sutton
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Sanjay Garg
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (H.H.); (Z.K.); (S.G.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (H.H.); (Z.K.); (S.G.); (A.J.C.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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18
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Haidari H, Garg S, Vasilev K, Kopecki Z, Cowin A. Silver-based wound dressings: current issues and future developments for treating bacterial infections. WPR 2020. [DOI: 10.33235/wpr.28.4.173-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Yamada M, Melville E, Cowin AJ, Prow TW, Kopecki Z. Microbiopsy-based minimally invasive skin sampling for molecular analysis is acceptable to Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex patients where conventional diagnostic biopsy was refused. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:461-463. [PMID: 33089542 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miko Yamada
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Melville
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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20
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Haidari H, Kopecki Z, Bright R, Cowin AJ, Garg S, Goswami N, Vasilev K. Ultrasmall AgNP-Impregnated Biocompatible Hydrogel with Highly Effective Biofilm Elimination Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:41011-41025. [PMID: 32840353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; size < 3 nm) have attracted a great deal of interest as an alternative to commercially available antibiotics due to their ability to eliminate a wide range of microbial pathogens. However, most of these ultrasmall AgNPs are highly reactive and unstable, as well as susceptible to fast oxidation. Therefore, both the stability and toxicity remain major shortcomings for their clinical application and uptake. To circumvent these problems, we present a novel strategy to impregnate ultrasmall AgNPs into a biocompatible thermosensitive hydrogel that enables controlled release of silver alongside long-term storage stability and highly potent antibacterial activity. The advantage of this strategy lies in the combination of a homogenous dispersion of AgNPs in a hydrogel network, which serves as a sustained-release reservoir, and the unique feature of ultrasmall AgNP size, which provides an improved biofilm eradication capacity. The superior biofilm dispersion properties of the AgNP hydrogel is demonstrated in both single-species and multispecies biofilms, eradicating ∼80% of established biofilms compared to untreated controls. Notably, the effective antibacterial concentration of the formulation shows minimal toxicity to human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. These findings present a promising novel strategy for the development of AgNP hydrogels as an efficient antibacterial platform to combat resistant bacterial biofilms associated with wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nirmal Goswami
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Acharya Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
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Jackson JE, Kopecki Z, Anderson PJ, Cowin AJ. Increasing the level of cytoskeletal protein Flightless I reduces adhesion formation in a murine digital flexor tendon model. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:362. [PMID: 32854733 PMCID: PMC7450967 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical repair of tendons is common, but function is often limited due to the formation of flexor tendon adhesions which reduce the mobility and use of the affected digit and hand. The severity of adhesion formation is dependent on numerous cellular processes many of which involve the actin cytoskeleton. Flightless I (Flii) is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein, which has previously been identified as a potential target for improved healing of tendon injuries. Using human in vitro cell studies in conjunction with a murine model of partial laceration of the digital flexor tendon, we investigated the effect of modulating Flii levels on tenocyte function and formation of adhesions. Methods Human tenocyte proliferation and migration was determined using WST-1 and scratch wound assays following Flii knockdown by siRNA in vitro. Additionally, mice with normal and increased levels of Flii were subjected to a partial laceration of the digital flexor tendon in conjunction with a full tenotomy to immobilise the paw. Resulting adhesions were assessed using histology and immunohistochemistry for collagen I, III, TGF-β1and -β3 Results Flii knockdown significantly reduced human tenocyte proliferation and migration in vitro. Increasing the expression of Flii significantly reduced digital tendon adhesion formation in vivo which was confirmed through significantly smaller adhesion scores based on collagen fibre orientation, thickness, proximity to other fibres and crimping. Reduced adhesion formation was accompanied with significantly decreased deposition of type I collagen and increased expression of TGF-β1 in vivo. Conclusions These findings suggest that increasing the level of Flii in an injured tendon may be beneficial for decreasing tendon adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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22
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Jackson JE, Kopecki Z, Anderson PJ, Cowin AJ. In vitro analysis of the effect of Flightless I on murine tenocyte cellular functions. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:170. [PMID: 32398080 PMCID: PMC7216515 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healing of tendons after injury involves the proliferation of tenocytes and the production of extracellular matrix; however, their capacity to heal is limited by poor cell density and limited growth factor activity. Flightless I (Flii) has previously been identified as an important regulator of cellular proliferation and migration, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of differential Flii gene expression on tenocyte function in vitro. METHODS The role of Flii on tenocyte proliferation, migration, and contraction was assessed using established assays. Tenocytes from Flii+/-, wild-type, and Flii overexpressing mice were obtained and the effect of differential Flii expression on migration, proliferation, contraction, and collagen synthesis determined in vitro. Statistical differences were determined using unpaired Student's t test and statistical outliers were identified using the Grubbs' test. RESULTS Flii overexpressing tenocytes showed significantly improved migration and proliferation as well as increased collagen I secretion. Explanted tendons from Flii overexpressing mice also showed significantly elevated tenocyte outgrowth compared to Flii+/- mice. In contrast to its role in dermal wound repair, Flii positively affects cellular processes in tendons. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Flii could be a novel target for modulating tenocyte activity and improving tendon repair. This could have significant clinical implications as novel therapeutic targets for improved healing of tendon injuries are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Yang GN, Strudwick XL, Bonder C, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ. Effect of Flightless I Expression on Epidermal Stem Cell Niche During Wound Repair. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:161-173. [PMID: 32117580 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Activation of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) from their quiescent niche is an integral component of wound reepithelialization and involves Wnt/β-catenin (β-Cat) signaling and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Flightless I (Flii), a cytoskeletal protein and inhibitor of wound healing, on EpSC activation during wound repair. Approach: Genetically modified Flii mice (Flii knockdown: Flii+/- , wild type: WT, Flii overexpressing: FliiTg/Tg ) received two incisional wounds along the lateral axis of the dorsal skin. Indicators of EpSC activation (epidermal growth factor receptor 1 [EGFR1], leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains-1 [Lrig1], K14), Wnt/β-Cat signaling (Lgr6, Flap2, β-Cat, and axis inhibition protein 2 [Axin2]), and cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]) were assessed using immunohistochemistry. β-Cat stabilization was examined using western blotting with cell cycling and differentiation of isolated CD34+ITGA6high EpSCs examined using real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction after treatment with wound-conditioned media. Results: Flii+/- led to increased numbers of activated EpSCs expressing PCNA, elevated EGFR1, and decreased Lrig1. EpSCs in Flii+/- hair follicle niches adjacent to the wounds also showed expression of Wnt-activation markers including increased β-Cat and Lgr6, and decreased Axin2. EpSCs (CD34+ITGA6high) isolated from Flii+/- unwounded skin showed elevated expression of cell-cycling genes including ΔNp63, filaggrin (Fila), involucrin (Invo), cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), and cell-division cycle protein-20 (Cdc20); and elevated ΔNp63 and Invo after treatment with wound-conditioned media compared with WT and FliiTg/Tg counterparts. Innovation: Flii was identified as an inhibitor of EpSC activation that may explain its negative effects on wound reepithelialization. Conclusion: Flii may inhibit EpSC activation by interrupting Wnt/β-Cat signaling. Strategies that reduce Flii may increase activation of EpSCs and promote reepithelialization of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gink N. Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xanthe L. Strudwick
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claudine Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kennewell TL, Mashtoub S, Howarth GS, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Antimicrobial and healing-promoting properties of animal and plant oils for the treatment of infected wounds. WPR 2019. [DOI: 10.33235/wpr.27.4.175-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Kopecki Z, Has C, Yang G, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Cowin A. Flightless I, a contributing factor to skin blistering in Kindler syndrome patients? J Cutan Pathol 2019; 47:186-189. [PMID: 31614010 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gink Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Allison Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kopecki Z. Tumour serine proteases C1r and C1s as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in invasive sporadic and recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-associated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:530-531. [PMID: 31486079 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kopecki Z, Yang G, Treloar S, Mashtoub S, Howarth GS, Cummins AG, Cowin AJ. Flightless I exacerbation of inflammatory responses contributes to increased colonic damage in a mouse model of dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12792. [PMID: 31488864 PMCID: PMC6728368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by cytokine driven inflammation that disrupts the mucosa and impedes intestinal structure and functions. Flightless I (Flii) is an immuno-modulatory protein is a member of the gelsolin family of actin-remodelling proteins that regulates cellular and inflammatory processes critical in tissue repair. Here we investigated its involvement in UC and show that Flii is significantly elevated in colonic tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Using an acute murine model of colitis, we characterised the contribution of Flii to UC using mice with low (Flii+/-), normal (Flii+/+) and high Flii (FliiTg/Tg). High levels of Flii resulted in significantly elevated disease severity index scores, increased rectal bleeding and degree of colon shortening whereas, low Flii expression decreased disease severity, reduced tissue inflammation and improved clinical indicators of UC. Mice with high levels of Flii had significantly increased histological disease severity and elevated mucosal damage with significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltrate and significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-13 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Flii overexpression resulted in decreased β-catenin levels, inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signalling and impaired regeneration of colonic crypts. These studies suggest that high levels of Flii, as is observed in patients with UC, may adversely affect mucosal healing via mechanisms involving Th1 and Th2 mediated tissue inflammation and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - G Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Treloar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Mashtoub
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G S Howarth
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A G Cummins
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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28
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Haidari H, Goswami N, Bright R, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ, Garg S, Vasilev K. The interplay between size and valence state on the antibacterial activity of sub-10 nm silver nanoparticles. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:2365-2371. [PMID: 36131988 PMCID: PMC9417850 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted enormous interest because of their excellent antibacterial properties, low cytotoxicity and limited evidence for resistance. As a general trend, smaller nanoparticles are considered to have stronger antibacterial activity. In this work we investigate whether this trend is valid for the sub-10 nm region by designing and synthesising three types of sub-10 nm AgNPs (∼1.87, ∼2.93 and ∼6.53 nm) to reveal the influence of size, valence state and structure on the antibacterial potency of AgNPs. We found that NPs with a size of ∼2.93 nm having a high concentration of silver in the first valence state presented the highest bacterial killing potency as well as low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The new insights presented in this study open future avenues for the engineering of highly potent silver nanoantibiotics that can be incorporated into future advanced medical devices and therapies capable of protecting patients from infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Haidari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Nirmal Goswami
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | - Richard Bright
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
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29
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Stevens NE, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Skin Barrier and Autoimmunity-Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Autoimmune Blistering Diseases of the Skin. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1089. [PMID: 31156638 PMCID: PMC6530337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important functions of the skin besides regulating internal body temperature includes formation of the barrier between the organism and the external environment, hence protecting against pathogen invasion, chemical and physical assaults and unregulated loss of water and solutes. Disruption of the protective barrier is observed clinically in blisters and erosions of the skin that form in autoimmune blistering diseases where the body produces autoantibodies against structural proteins of the epidermis or the epidermal-dermal junction. Although there is no cure for autoimmune skin blistering diseases, immune suppressive therapies currently available offer opportunities for disease management. In cases where no treatment is sought, these disorders can lead to life threatening complications and current research efforts have focused on developing therapies that target autoantibodies which contribute to disease symptoms. This review will outline the involvement of the skin barrier in main skin-specific autoimmune blistering diseases by describing the mechanisms underpinning skin autoimmunity and review current progress in development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the underlying causes of autoimmune skin blistering diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Stevens
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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30
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Kopecki Z, Stevens NE, Chong HT, Yang GN, Cowin AJ. Flightless I Alters the Inflammatory Response and Autoantibody Profile in an OVA-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Skin-Like Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1833. [PMID: 30147695 PMCID: PMC6095979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by excessive inflammation and disrupted skin barrier function. Although the etiology of AD is not completely understood, clinical and basic studies suggest increasing involvement of autoantibodies against intracellular proteins. An actin remodeling protein, Flightless I (Flii), has been shown to promote development of inflammatory mediated skin conditions and impairment of skin barrier development and function. Here, we sought to determine the effect of altering Flii expression on the development of AD and its contribution to autoimmune aspects of inflammatory skin conditions. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AD skin-like disease was induced in Flii heterozygous (Flii+/−), wild-type (Flii+/+), and Flii transgenic (FliiTg/Tg) mice by epicutaneous exposure to OVA for 3 weeks; each week was separated by 2-week resting period. Reduced Flii expression resulted in decreased disease severity and tissue inflammation as determined by histology, lymphocytic, and mast cell infiltrate and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine levels and a marked IFN-γ Th1 response. In contrast, Flii over-expression lead to a Th2 skewed response characterized by increased pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine production, Th2 chemokine levels, and Th2 cell numbers. Sera from OVA-induced AD skin-like disease Flii+/− mice showed a decreased level of autoreactivity while sera from FliiTg/Tg mice counterparts showed an altered autoantibody profile with strong nuclear localization favoring development of a more severe disease. These findings demonstrate autoimmune responses in this model of OVA-induced AD-like skin disease and suggest that Flii is a novel target, whose manipulation could be a potential approach for the treatment of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Heng T Chong
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gink N Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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31
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Ogunniyi AD, Kopecki Z, Hickey EE, Khazandi M, Peel E, Belov K, Boileau A, Garg S, Venter H, Chan WY, Hill PB, Page SW, Cowin AJ, Trott DJ. Bioluminescent murine models of bacterial sepsis and scald wound infections for antimicrobial efficacy testing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200195. [PMID: 30011298 PMCID: PMC6047774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are very few articles in the literature describing continuous models of bacterial infections that mimic disease pathogenesis in humans and animals without using separate cohorts of animals at each stage of disease. In this work, we developed bioluminescent mouse models of partial-thickness scald wound infection and sepsis that mimic disease pathogenesis in humans and animals using a recombinant luciferase-expressing Staphylococcus aureus strain (Xen29). Two days post-scald wound infection, mice were treated twice daily with a 2% topical mupirocin ointment for 7 days. For sepsis experiments, mice were treated intraperitoneally with 6 mg/kg daptomycin 2 h and 6 h post-infection and time to moribund monitored for 72 h. Consistent bacterial burden data were obtained from individual mice by regular photon intensity quantification on a Xenogen IVIS Lumina XRMS Series III biophotonic imaging system, with concomitant significant reduction in photon intensities in drug-treated mice. Post-mortem histopathological examination of wounds and bacterial counts in blood correlated closely with disease severity and total flux obtained from Xen29. The bioluminescent murine models provide a refinement to existing techniques of multiple bacterial enumeration during disease pathogenesis and promote animal usage reduction. The models also provide an efficient and information-rich platform for preclinical efficacy evaluation of new drug classes for treating acute and chronic human and animal bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun D. Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Hickey
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Manouchehr Khazandi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Peel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Boileau
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Henrietta Venter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wei Yee Chan
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B. Hill
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen W. Page
- Luoda Pharma, Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia
- Neoculi Pty Ltd, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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32
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Kopecki Z, Stevens NE, Yang GN, Melville E, Cowin AJ. Recombinant Leucine-Rich Repeat Flightless-Interacting Protein-1 Improves Healing of Acute Wounds through Its Effects on Proliferation Inflammation and Collagen Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072014. [PMID: 29996558 PMCID: PMC6073877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an increasing clinical problem involving substantial morbidity, mortality, and rising health care costs. Leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein-1 (LRRFIP-1) regulates toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammation, suggesting a potential role in the healing of wounds. We sought to determine the role of LRRFIP-1 in wound repair and whether the exogenous addition of recombinant LRRFIP-1 (rLRRFIP-1) affected healing responses. Using a model of full-thickness incisional acute wounds in BALB/c mice, we investigated the effect of wounding on LRRFIP-1 expression. The effect of rLRRFIP-1 on cellular proliferation, inflammation, and collagen deposition was also investigated. LRRFIP-1 was upregulated in response to wounding, was found to directly associate with flightless I (Flii), and significantly increased cellular proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. rLRRFIP-1 reduced Flii expression in wounds in vivo and resulted in significantly improved healing with a concurrent dampening of TLR4-mediated inflammation and improved collagen deposition. Additionally, decreased levels of TGF-β1 and increased levels of TGF-β3 were observed in rLRRFIP-1-treated wounds suggesting a possible antiscarring effect of rLRRFIP-1. Further studies are required to elucidate if the mechanisms behind LRRFIP-1 action in wound repair are independent of Flii. However, these results identify rLRRFIP-1 as a possible treatment modality for improved healing of acute wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Gink N Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Melville
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
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33
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Haidari H, Zhang Q, Melville E, Kopecki Z, Song Y, Cowin AJ, Garg S. Development of Topical Delivery Systems for Flightless Neutralizing Antibody. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1795-1804. [PMID: 28336300 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flightless I (Flii) is an actin remodeling protein important for cytoskeletal regulation and cellular processes including migration, proliferation, and adhesion. Previous studies have clearly identified Flii as a novel therapeutical target for improved wound repair and have demonstrated Flii regulation using Flii neutralizing antibodies (FnAb) in different models of wound healing in vivo. Here we describe the development of an optimized topical delivery system that can neutralize Flii activity in the epidermis. Topical delivery of FnAb is an attractive approach as it provides a convenient application, sustained release, localized effect, and reduced dosage. Three successful formulations were developed, and their physical and chemical stability examined. The in vitro release revealed prolonged and sustained release of FnAb in all the tested formulations. Additionally, penetration studies using intact porcine skin showed that FnAb penetrated the epidermis and upper papillary dermis. The penetrated FnAb significantly reduced Flii expression compared to dosed matched IgG controls. This study has successfully developed a topical delivery system for FnAb that could serve as a potential platform for future localized wound treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Haidari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Qian Zhang
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Melville
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Kopecki Z, Yang GN, Jackson JE, Melville EL, Calley MP, Murrell DF, Darby IA, O'Toole EA, Samuel MS, Cowin AJ. Cytoskeletal protein Flightless I inhibits apoptosis, enhances tumor cell invasion and promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36426-40. [PMID: 26497552 PMCID: PMC4742187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flightless I (Flii) is an actin remodeling protein that affects cellular processes including adhesion, proliferation and migration. In order to determine the role of Flii during carcinogenesis, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were induced in Flii heterozygous (Flii+/-), wild-type and Flii overexpressing (FliiTg/Tg) mice by intradermal injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Flii levels were further assessed in biopsies from human SCCs and the human SCC cell line (MET-1) was used to determine the effect of Flii on cellular invasion. Flii was highly expressed in human SCC biopsies particularly by the invading cells at the tumor edge. FliiTg/Tg mice developed large, aggressive SCCs in response to MCA. In contrast Flii+/- mice had significantly smaller tumors that were less invasive. Intradermal injection of Flii neutralizing antibodies during SCC initiation and progression significantly reduced the size of the tumors and, in vitro, decreased cellular sphere formation and invasion. Analysis of the tumors from the Flii overexpressing mice showed reduced caspase I and annexin V expression suggesting Flii may negatively regulate apoptosis within these tumors. These studies therefore suggest that Flii enhances SCC tumor progression by decreasing apoptosis and enhancing tumor cell invasion. Targeting Flii may be a potential strategy for reducing the severity of SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gink N Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica E Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Melville
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew P Calley
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St. George Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian A Darby
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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35
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Chong H, Yang G, Sidhu S, Ibbetson J, Kopecki Z, Cowin A. Reducing Flightless I expression decreases severity of psoriasis in an imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriasiform dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:705-712. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.T. Chong
- Regenerative Medicine; Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - G.N. Yang
- Regenerative Medicine; Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - S. Sidhu
- Department of Dermatology; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - J. Ibbetson
- Surgical Pathology Division; South Australia Pathology; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Z. Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine; Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - A.J. Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine; Future Industries Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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36
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Kopecki Z, Ludwig RJ, Cowin AJ. Cytoskeletal Regulation of Inflammation and Its Impact on Skin Blistering Disease Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071116. [PMID: 27420054 PMCID: PMC4964491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin remodelling proteins regulate cytoskeletal cell responses and are important in both innate and adaptive immunity. These responses play a major role in providing a fine balance in a cascade of biological events that results in either protective acute inflammation or chronic inflammation that leads to a host of diseases including autoimmune inflammation mediated epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). This review describes the role of the actin cytoskeleton and in particular the actin remodelling protein called Flightless I (Flii) in regulating cellular inflammatory responses and its subsequent effect on the autoimmune skin blistering disease EBA. It also outlines the potential of an antibody based therapy for decreasing Flii expression in vivo to ameliorate the symptoms associated with EBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, Regenerative Medicine, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck 23562, Germany.
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, Regenerative Medicine, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Adelaide, Australia.
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Abstract
Cutaneous stem cells (CSCs) orchestrate the homeostasis and regeneration of mammalian skin. Epithelial CSCs have been isolated and characterized from the skin and hold great potential for tissue engineering and clinical applications. The actin cytoskeleton is known to regulate cell adhesion and motility through its intricate participation in signal transduction and structural modifications. The dynamics of actin cytoskeleton can directly influence CSCs behaviors including tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis, niche maintenance, activation, and wound repair. Various regulators of the actin cytoskeleton including kinases, actin-remodeling proteins, paracrine signals, and micro-RNAs collaborate and contribute to epithelial CSC proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. This review brings together the latest mechanistic insights into how the actin cytoskeleton participates in the regulation of epithelial CSCs during development, homeostasis, and wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gink N Yang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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38
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Sideek MA, Teia A, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ, Gibson MA. Co-localization of LTBP-2 with FGF-2 in fibrotic human keloid and hypertrophic scar. J Mol Histol 2015; 47:35-45. [PMID: 26644005 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that Latent transforming growth factor-beta-1 binding protein-2 (LTBP-2) has a single high-affinity binding site for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and that LTBP-2 blocks FGF-2 induced cell proliferation. Both proteins showed strong co-localisation within keloid skin from a single patient. In the current study, using confocal microscopy, we have investigated the distribution of the two proteins in normal and fibrotic skin samples including normal scar tissue, hypertrophic scars and keloids from multiple patients. Consistently, little staining for either protein was detected in normal adult skin and normal scar samples but extensive co-localisation of the two proteins was observed in multiple examples of hypertrophic scars and keloids. LTBP-2 and FGF-2 were co-localised to fine fibrous elements within the extracellular matrix identified as elastic fibres by immunostaining with anti-fibrillin-1 and anti-elastin antibodies. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of RNA samples from multiple patients confirmed dramatically increased expression of LTBP-2 and FGF-2, similar TGF-beta 1, in hypertrophic scar compared to normal skin and scar tissue. Overall the results suggest that elevated LTBP-2 may bind and sequester FGF-2 on elastic fibres in fibrotic tissues and modulate FGF-2's influence on the repair and healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Sideek
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Abdulrahman Teia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Mark A Gibson
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Stevens LJ, McKenna S, Marty J, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Understanding the outcomes of a home nursing programme for patients with epidermolysis bullosa: an Australian perspective. Int Wound J 2014; 13:863-9. [PMID: 25469719 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) consists of a spectrum of genodermatoses characterised by skin fragility and various degrees of skin and mucous membrane blistering. Minimal trauma and friction can cause extensive blistering in patients with EB, resulting in a number of complications. However, wound management is the main challenge for these patients because of a high risk of infection, fluid loss and potential development of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Indeed, patients with EB have an increased risk for developing skin cancers compared to the general population. In 2012, a home nursing programme was established in Australia to provide assistance to families or patients with severe forms of EB. Nursing care was provided to patients with severe EB during dressing changes in their homes over a period of 2 years. Both families of patients and nurses were surveyed periodically using a developed questionnaire to assess the benefits of this home nursing and its impact on the patients, their families and the nurses. Key findings included a perceived improvement in quality of life, a better provision of support and improved family life management. These findings are the first to highlight the benefits of this national home nursing programme for EB patients within Australia and demonstrate the continued need and benefit of home nursing for patients with severe skin blistering disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sue McKenna
- Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association - Australia, Pittsworth, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Marty
- Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association - Australia, Pittsworth, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association - Australia, Pittsworth, QLD, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Kopecki Z, Yang GN, Arkell RM, Jackson JE, Melville E, Iwata H, Ludwig RJ, Zillikens D, Murrell DF, Cowin AJ. Flightless I over-expression impairs skin barrier development, function and recovery following skin blistering. J Pathol 2014; 232:541-52. [PMID: 24375017 DOI: 10.1002/path.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of an intact epidermis is critical for maintaining the integrity of the skin. Patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) experience multiple erosions, which breach the epidermal barrier and lead to increased microbial colocalization of wounds, infections and sepsis. The cytoskeletal protein Flightless I (Flii) is a known regulator of both development and wound healing. Using Flii(+/-), WT and Flii(Tg/Tg) mice, we investigated the effect of altering Flii levels in embryos and adult mice on the development of the epidermal barrier and, consequently, how this affects the integrity of the skin in EB. Flii over-expression resulted in delayed formation of the epidermal barrier in embryos and decreased expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins Claudin-1 and ZO-2. Increased intercellular space and transepidermal water loss was observed in Flii(Tg)(/Tg) adult mouse skin, while Flii(Tg/Tg) keratinocytes showed altered TJ protein localization and reduced transepithelial resistance. Flii is increased in the blistered skin of patients with EB, and over-expression of Flii in experimental EBA showed impaired Claudin-1 and -4 TJ protein expression and delayed recovery of functional barrier post-blistering. Immunoprecipitation confirmed Flii associated with TJ proteins and in vivo actin assays showed that the effect of Flii on actin polymerization underpinned the impaired barrier function observed in Flii(Tg/Tg) mice. These results therefore demonstrate an important role for Flii in the development and regulation of the epidermal barrier, which may contribute to the impaired healing and skin fragility of EB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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Ruzehaji N, Kopecki Z, Melville E, Appleby SL, Bonder CS, Arkell RM, Fitridge R, Cowin AJ. Attenuation of flightless I improves wound healing and enhances angiogenesis in a murine model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2014; 57:402-12. [PMID: 24292564 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Skin lesions and ulcerations are severe complications of diabetes that often result in leg amputations. In this study we investigated the function of the cytoskeletal protein flightless I (FLII) in diabetic wound healing. We hypothesised that overexpression of FLII would have a negative effect on diabetic wound closure and modulation of this protein using specific FLII-neutralising antibodies (FnAb) would enhance cellular proliferation, migration and angiogenesis within the diabetic wound. METHODS Using a streptozotocin-induced model of diabetes we investigated the effect of altered FLII levels through Flii genetic knockdown, overexpression or treatment with FnAb on wound healing. Diabetic wounds were assessed using histology, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis. In vitro and in vivo assays of angiogenesis were used to assess the angiogenic response. RESULTS FLII levels were elevated in the wounds of both diabetic mice and humans. Reduction in the level of FLII improved healing of murine diabetic wounds and promoted a robust pro-angiogenic response with significantly elevated von Willebrand factor (vWF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-positive endothelial cell infiltration. Diabetic mouse wounds treated intradermally with FnAb showed improved healing and a significantly increased rate of re-epithelialisation. FnAb improved the angiogenic response through enhanced formation of capillary tubes and functional neovasculature. Reducing the level of FLII led to increased numbers of mature blood vessels, increased recruitment of smooth muscle actin-α-positive cells and improved tight junction formation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Reducing the level of FLII in a wound may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Ruzehaji
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Cowin AJ, Lei N, Franken L, Ruzehaji N, Offenhäuser C, Kopecki Z, Murray RZ. Lysosomal secretion of Flightless I upon injury has the potential to alter inflammation. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 5:546-9. [PMID: 23336022 PMCID: PMC3541319 DOI: 10.4161/cib.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Flightless I (Flii), a gelsolin family member, has been found to have roles modulating actin regulation, transcriptional regulation and inflammation. In vivo Flii can regulate wound healing responses. We have recently shown that a pool of Flii is secreted by fibroblasts and macrophages, cells typically found in wounds, and its secretion can be upregulated upon wounding. We show that secreted Flii can bind to the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide and has the potential to regulate inflammation. We now show that secreted Flii is present in both acute and chronic wound fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Cowin
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute; North Adelaide; SA Australia ; Discipline of Paediatrics; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide, SA Australia
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Kopecki Z, Ruzehaji N, Turner C, Iwata H, Ludwig RJ, Zillikens D, Murrell DF, Cowin AJ. Topically applied flightless I neutralizing antibodies improve healing of blistered skin in a murine model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:1008-16. [PMID: 23223144 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a chronic inheritable disease that leads to severe blistering and fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that the actin cytoskeletal protein flightless I (Flii) impairs wound healing associated with EB. Using a mouse model of EB acquisita (EBA), the effect of "mopping up" Flii using Flii-neutralizing antibodies (FnAbs) before, during, and after blister formation was determined. FnAbs, incorporated into a cream vehicle and applied topically to the skin, penetrated into the basal epidermis and upper papillary dermis but were not detected in serum or other organs and did not alter neutrophil or macrophage infiltration into the blistered skin. Histological assessment of blister severity showed that treatment of early-stage blisters with FnAb cream reduced their severity and improved their rate of healing. Treatment of established blisters with FnAb cream also improved healing and restored the skin's tensile strength toward that of normal skin. Repeated application of FnAbs to EBA skin before the onset of blistering reduced the severity of skin blistering. Independent of when the FnAbs were applied, skin barrier function and wound healing were improved and skin fragility was reduced, suggesting that FnAbs could potentially improve healing of patients with EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Jackson JE, Kopecki Z, Adams DH, Cowin AJ. Flii neutralizing antibodies improve wound healing in porcine preclinical studies. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 20:523-36. [PMID: 22672080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is an important area of widely unmet medical need, with millions of procedures carried out worldwide which could potentially benefit from a product to improve the wound repair process. Our studies investigating the actin-remodeling protein Flightless I (Flii) show it to be an important regulator of wound healing. Flii-deficient mice have enhanced wound healing in comparison to Flii overexpressing mice which have impaired wound healing. For the first time, we show that a Flightless I neutralizing monoclonal antibody (FnAb) therapy is effective in a large animal model of wound repair. Porcine 5 cm incisional and 6.25 cm(2) excisional wounds were treated with FnAb at the time of wounding and for two subsequent days. The wounds were dressed in Tegaderm dressings and left to heal by secondary intention for 7 and 35 days, respectively. At the relevant end points, the wounds were excised and processed for histological analysis. Parameters of wound area, collagen deposition, and scar appearance were analyzed. The results show that treatment with FnAb accelerates reepithelialization and improves the macroscopic appearance of early scars. FnAbs have the potential to enhance wound repair and reduce scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Jackson
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Kopecki Z, Arkell RM, Strudwick XL, Hirose M, Ludwig RJ, Kern JS, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Zillikens D, Murrell DF, Cowin AJ. Overexpression of the Flii
gene increases dermal-epidermal blistering in an autoimmune ColVII mouse model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. J Pathol 2011; 225:401-13. [PMID: 21984127 DOI: 10.1002/path.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kopecki Z, O'Neill GM, Arkell RM, Cowin AJ. Regulation of focal adhesions by flightless i involves inhibition of paxillin phosphorylation via a Rac1-dependent pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1450-9. [PMID: 21430700 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flightless I (Flii) is an actin-remodeling protein that influences diverse processes including cell migration and gene transcription and links signal transduction with cytoskeletal regulation. Here, we show that Flii modulation of focal adhesions and filamentous actin stress fibers is Rac1-dependent. Using primary skin fibroblasts from Flii overexpressing (Flii(Tg/Tg)), wild-type, and Flii deficient (Flii(+/-)) mice, we show that elevated expression of Flii increases stress fiber formation by impaired focal adhesion turnover and enhanced formation of fibrillar adhesions. Conversely, Flii knockdown increases the percentage of focal complex positive cells. We further show that a functional effect of Flii at both the cellular level and in in vivo mouse wounds is through inhibiting paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation and suppression of signaling proteins Src and p130Cas, both of which regulate adhesion signaling pathways. Flii is upregulated in response to wounding, and overexpression of Flii inhibits paxillin activity and reduces adhesion signaling by modulating the activity of the Rho family GTPases. Overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 GTPase restores the spreading ability of Flii(Tg/Tg) fibroblasts and may explain the reduced adhesion, migration, and proliferation observed in Flii(Tg/Tg) mice and their impaired wound healing, a process dependent on effective cellular motility and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Wound Healing Laboratory, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kopecki Z, Arkell R, Powell BC, Cowin AJ. Flightless I regulates hemidesmosome formation and integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and migration during wound repair. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2031-45. [PMID: 19212345 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flightless I (Flii), a highly conserved member of the gelsolin family of actin-remodelling proteins associates with actin structures and is involved in cellular motility and adhesion. Our previous studies have shown that Flii is an important negative regulator of wound repair. Here, we show that Flii affects hemidesmosome formation and integrin-mediated keratinocyte adhesion and migration. Impaired hemidesmosome formation and sparse arrangements of keratin cytoskeleton tonofilaments and actin cytoskeleton anchoring fibrils were observed in Flii(Tg/+) and Flii(Tg/Tg) mice with their skin being significantly more fragile than Flii(+/-) and WT mice. Flii(+/-) primary keratinocytes showed increased adhesion on laminin and collagen I than WT and Flii(Tg/Tg) primary keratinocytes. Decreased expression of CD151 and laminin-binding integrins alpha3, beta1, alpha6 and beta4 were observed in Flii overexpressing wounds, which could contribute to the impaired wound re-epithelialization observed in these mice. Flii interacts with proteins directly linked to the cytoplasmic domain of integrin receptors suggesting that it may be a mechanical link between ligand-bound integrin receptors and the actin cytoskeleton driving adhesion-signaling pathways. Therefore Flii may regulate wound repair through its effect on hemidesmosome formation and integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ. Flightless I: an actin-remodelling protein and an important negative regulator of wound repair. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:1415-9. [PMID: 17526423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Flightless I (FliI) is a member of the gelsolin family of actin-remodelling proteins, and has been identified as having two functional protein family domains: a leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain and a gelsolin-like domain. This unique structure allows FliI to act as an actin-remodelling protein as well as a nuclear receptor co-activator with ability to interact with various other proteins important in cellular signaling. The actin cytoskeleton is an integral component of all cells and the effect of FliI protein on actin remodelling is a vital part of cellular motility, contraction and adhesion. The product of the FliI gene is expected to provide a vital link between the molecules of yet unidentified signal transduction pathways and the actin cytoskeleton. Exact signaling pathways and mechanisms underpinning FliI effects in wound healing are yet to be fully identified however strong research evidence clearly identifies this molecule as a possible new therapeutic target whose manipulation may greatly improve wound healing and could lead to potential innovative medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kopecki
- Child Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA and Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Kopecki Z, Luchetti MM, Adams DH, Strudwick X, Mantamadiotis T, Stoppacciaro A, Gabrielli A, Ramsay RG, Cowin AJ. Collagen loss and impaired wound healing is associated with c-Myb deficiency. J Pathol 2007; 211:351-61. [PMID: 17152050 DOI: 10.1002/path.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type I serves as an abundant structural and signalling component of skin. It is also an established target gene of the transcription factor, c-Myb. When c-myb-/- embryos were examined it was observed that their skin was markedly thinner than normal. Importantly, immunohistochemical investigation showed complete absence of collagen type I. Although these homozygous knock-out embryos fail to develop beyond day 15, fibroblasts established from these embryos (mouse embryonic fibroblasts [MEFs]) show defective proliferative responses. Furthermore, in vitro scratch wound assays demonstrated that these c-myb-/- MEFs also exhibit slower closure than their wild-type counterparts. Embryonic lethality has meant that examination of the role of c-Myb in adult mouse skin has not been reported to date. However, in view of the abundance of collagen type I in normal skin, its role in skin integrity and the in vitro data showing proliferative and migration defects in c-myb-/- MEFs, we investigated the consequences of heterozygous c-myb loss in adult mice on the complex process of skin repair in response to injury. Our studies clearly demonstrate that heterozygous c-myb deficiency has a functional effect on wound repair, collagen type I levels and, in response to wounding, transforming growth factor-beta1 (an important collagen stimulating factor) induction expression is aberrantly high. Manipulation of c-Myb may therefore provide new therapeutic opportunities for improving wound repair while uncontrolled expression may underpin some fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kopecki
- Child Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, South Australia and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
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