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Kramer I, Hooning MJ, Mavaddat N, Hauptmann M, Keeman R, Steyerberg EW, Giardiello D, Antoniou AC, Pharoah PDP, Canisius S, Abu-Ful Z, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Aronson KJ, Augustinsson A, Becher H, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Bonanni B, Brauch H, Bremer M, Brucker SY, Burwinkel B, Castelao JE, Chan TL, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Choi JY, Clarke CL, Collée JM, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Flyger H, Gago-Dominguez M, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Giles GG, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hamann U, Hartman M, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Hollestelle A, Hopper JL, Hou MF, Howell A, Ito H, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, Janni W, John EM, Jung A, Kang D, Kets CM, Khusnutdinova E, Ko YD, Kristensen VN, Kurian AW, Kwong A, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Li J, Lindblom A, Lubiński J, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Margolin S, Matsuo K, Mavroudis D, Meindl A, Milne RL, Mulligan AM, Muranen TA, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Newman WG, Olshan AF, Olson JE, Olsson H, Park-Simon TW, Peto J, Petridis C, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Presneau N, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Rennert G, Romero A, Roylance R, Saloustros E, Sawyer EJ, Schmutzler RK, Schwentner L, Scott C, See MH, Shah M, Shen CY, Shu XO, Siesling S, Slager S, Sohn C, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Stone J, Tapper WJ, Tengström M, Teo SH, Terry MB, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Troester MA, Vachon CM, van Ongeval C, van Veen EM, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Easton DF, Hall P, Schmidt MK. Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score and Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:837-848. [PMID: 33022221 PMCID: PMC7675034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can be used to stratify women according to their risk of developing primary invasive breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association between a recently validated PRS of 313 germline variants (PRS313) and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk. We included 56,068 women of European ancestry diagnosed with first invasive breast cancer from 1990 onward with follow-up from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Metachronous CBC risk (N = 1,027) according to the distribution of PRS313 was quantified using Cox regression analyses. We assessed PRS313 interaction with age at first diagnosis, family history, morphology, ER status, PR status, and HER2 status, and (neo)adjuvant therapy. In studies of Asian women, with limited follow-up, CBC risk associated with PRS313 was assessed using logistic regression for 340 women with CBC compared with 12,133 women with unilateral breast cancer. Higher PRS313 was associated with increased CBC risk: hazard ratio per standard deviation (SD) = 1.25 (95%CI = 1.18-1.33) for Europeans, and an OR per SD = 1.15 (95%CI = 1.02-1.29) for Asians. The absolute lifetime risks of CBC, accounting for death as competing risk, were 12.4% for European women at the 10th percentile and 20.5% at the 90th percentile of PRS313. We found no evidence of confounding by or interaction with individual characteristics, characteristics of the primary tumor, or treatment. The C-index for the PRS313 alone was 0.563 (95%CI = 0.547-0.586). In conclusion, PRS313 is an independent factor associated with CBC risk and can be incorporated into CBC risk prediction models to help improve stratification and optimize surveillance and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Kramer
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Nasim Mavaddat
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Neuruppin 16816, Germany
| | - Renske Keeman
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Department of Public Health, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Daniele Giardiello
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sander Canisius
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Zumuruda Abu-Ful
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Queen's University, Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Annelie Augustinsson
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund 222 42, Sweden
| | - Heiko Becher
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Hamburg 20246, Germany; Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 28029, Spain; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover 30625, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover 30625, Germany; N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk 223040, Belarus
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark; Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany; University of Tübingen, iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, Tübingen 72074, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Michael Bremer
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- University of Tübingen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; University of Heidelberg, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Oncology and Genetics Unit, Vigo 36312, Spain
| | - Tsun L Chan
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Department of Pathology, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Seoul National University Graduate School, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul 03080, Korea; Seoul National University, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Christine L Clarke
- University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- University of Sheffield, Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- University of Westminster, School of Life Sciences, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - David E Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mikael Hartman
- National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore 119077, Singapore; National University Health System, Department of Surgery, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | | | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Anthony Howell
- University of Manchester, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Milena Jakimovska
- MASA, Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Skopje 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin 71-252, Poland; Pomeranian Medical University, Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- University Hospital Ulm, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Esther M John
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Audrey Jung
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul National University Graduate School, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul 03080, Korea; Seoul National University, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - C Marleen Kets
- the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa 450054, Russia; Bashkir State University, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa 450000, Russia
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Johanniter Krankenhaus, Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Bonn 53177, Germany
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo 0379, Norway; Oslo University Hospital and University of Olso, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong; The University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Cancer Genetics Center and Department of Surgery, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven 3001, Belgium; University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jingmei Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Human Genetics Division, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio 70210, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Kuopio University Hospital, Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sara Margolin
- Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- University Hospital of Heraklion, Department of Medical Oncology, Heraklion 711 10, Greece
| | - Alfons Meindl
- University of Munich, Campus Großhadern, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; University Health Network, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - William G Newman
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund 222 42, Sweden
| | | | - Julian Peto
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Christos Petridis
- King's College London, Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- MASA, Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Skopje 1000, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Nadege Presneau
- University of Westminster, School of Life Sciences, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- University of Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gad Rennert
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Atocha Romero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Medical Oncology Department, Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Rebecca Roylance
- UCLH Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- King's College London, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne 50937, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne 50937, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwentner
- University Hospital Ulm, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mee-Hoong See
- University of Malaya, Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mitul Shah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei 115, Taiwan; China Medical University, School of Public Health, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sabine Siesling
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Department of Research, Utrecht 3511 DT, the Netherlands; University of Twente, Department of Health Technology and Service Research, Technical Medical Center, Enschede 7522 NB, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Slager
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christof Sohn
- University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- BC Cancer, Population Oncology, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada; University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stone
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Curtin University and University of Western Australia, The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - William J Tapper
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Maria Tengström
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Kuopio 70210, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Breast Cancer Research Programme, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; University of Malaya, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Melissa A Troester
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chantal van Ongeval
- Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Radiology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Elke M van Veen
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Robert Winqvist
- University of Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands.
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