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Zhou X, Medina-Ramirez IE, Su G, Liu Y, Yan B. All Roads Lead to Rome: Comparing Nanoparticle- and Small Molecule-Driven Cell Autophagy. Small 2024:e2310966. [PMID: 38616767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, vital for removing cellular waste, is triggered differently by small molecules and nanoparticles. Small molecules, like rapamycin, non-selectively activate autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR pathway, which is essential for cell regulation. This can clear damaged components but may cause cytotoxicity with prolonged use. Nanoparticles, however, induce autophagy, often causing oxidative stress, through broader cellular interactions and can lead to a targeted form known as "xenophagy." Their impact varies with their properties but can be harnessed therapeutically. In this review, the autophagy induced by nanoparticles is explored and small molecules across four dimensions: the mechanisms behind autophagy induction, the outcomes of such induction, the toxicological effects on cellular autophagy, and the therapeutic potential of employing autophagy triggered by nanoparticles or small molecules. Although small molecules and nanoparticles each induce autophagy through different pathways and lead to diverse effects, both represent invaluable tools in cell biology, nanomedicine, and drug discovery, offering unique insights and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding, 071100, China
| | - Iliana E Medina-Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 10024, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Zhang S, Lu Z, Hu C, Li F. Understanding the Distance Effect of the Single-Atom Active Sites in Fenton-Like Reactions for Efficient Water Remediation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307151. [PMID: 38225759 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Emerging single-atom catalysts (SACs) are promising in water remediation through Fenton-like reactions. Despite the notable enhancement of catalytic activity through increasing the density of single-atom active sites, the performance improvement is not solely attributed to the increase in the number of active sites. The variation of catalytic behaviors stemming from the increased atomic density is particularly elusive and deserves an in-depth study. Herein, single-atom Fe catalysts (FeSA-CN) with different distances (dsite) between the adjacent single-atom Fe sites are constructed by controlling Fe loading. With the decrease in dsite value, remarkably enhanced catalytic activity of FeSA-CN is realized via the electron transfer regime with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The decrease in dsite value promotes electronic communication and further alters the electronic structure in favor of PMS activation. Moreover, the two adjacent single-atom Fe sites collectively adsorb PMS and achieve single-site desorption of the PMS decomposition products, maintaining continuous PMS activation and contaminant removal. Moreover, the FeSA-CN/PMS system exhibits excellent anti-interference performance for various aquatic systems and good durability in continuous-flow experiments, indicating its great potential for water treatment applications. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the distance effect of single-atom active sites on water remediation by designing densely populated SACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhicong Lu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Ma J, Wang S, Zhao C, Yan X, Ren Q, Dong Z, Qiu J, Liu Y, Shan Q, Xu M, Yan B, Liu S. Computer-Aided Discovery of Potent Broad-Spectrum Vaccine Adjuvants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301059. [PMID: 36815280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants stimulate the immune system to vigorously respond to a vaccine. While current adjuvants such as aluminum salts and oil-in-water emulsions have been used for decades, they do not generate broad and long-lasting responses in many vaccines. Consequently, more potent adjuvants are needed. Here, using computer-aided molecule design and machine learning, we discovered 2 new, broad-spectrum adjuvants that can boost vaccine responses. Our library containing 46 toll-like receptor (TLR)-targeting agonist ligands were assembled on Au nanoparticles. Comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies showed both leads promoted dendritic cell activation via multiple TLRs and enhanced antigen presentation to T cells. When used together with tumor-specific antigens to immunize mice against B16-OVA melanoma and 4T1-PD1 breast cancer, both adjuvants unleashed strong immune responses that suppressed tumor growth and lung metastases. Our results show computer-aided design and screening can rapidly uncover potent adjuvants for tackling waning immunity in current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shenqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bays, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bays, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- Department of toxicology and sanitary chemistry, School of public health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 330106, P. R. China
| | - Qing'e Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P. R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bays, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P. R. China
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