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Zhang S, Lu Z, Hu C, Li F. Understanding the Distance Effect of the Single-Atom Active Sites in Fenton-Like Reactions for Efficient Water Remediation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307151. [PMID: 38225759 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Emerging single-atom catalysts (SACs) are promising in water remediation through Fenton-like reactions. Despite the notable enhancement of catalytic activity through increasing the density of single-atom active sites, the performance improvement is not solely attributed to the increase in the number of active sites. The variation of catalytic behaviors stemming from the increased atomic density is particularly elusive and deserves an in-depth study. Herein, single-atom Fe catalysts (FeSA-CN) with different distances (dsite) between the adjacent single-atom Fe sites are constructed by controlling Fe loading. With the decrease in dsite value, remarkably enhanced catalytic activity of FeSA-CN is realized via the electron transfer regime with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The decrease in dsite value promotes electronic communication and further alters the electronic structure in favor of PMS activation. Moreover, the two adjacent single-atom Fe sites collectively adsorb PMS and achieve single-site desorption of the PMS decomposition products, maintaining continuous PMS activation and contaminant removal. Moreover, the FeSA-CN/PMS system exhibits excellent anti-interference performance for various aquatic systems and good durability in continuous-flow experiments, indicating its great potential for water treatment applications. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the distance effect of single-atom active sites on water remediation by designing densely populated SACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhicong Lu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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2
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Maiyo JK, Dasika S, Jafvert CT. Slow Sand Filters for the 21st Century: A Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1019. [PMID: 36673775 PMCID: PMC9859083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Safe drinking water remains a major global challenge, especially in rural areas where, according to UNICEF, 80% of those without access to improved water systems reside. While water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related diseases and deaths are common outcomes of unsafe water, there is also an economic burden associated with unsafe water. These burdens are most prominent in rural areas in less-developed nations. Slow sand filters (SSFs), or biological sand filters (BSFs), are ideal water treatment solutions for these low-resource regions. SSFs are the oldest municipal drinking water treatment systems and improve water quality by removing suspended particles, dissolved organic chemicals, and other contaminants, effectively reducing turbidity and associated taste and odor problems. The removal of turbidity and dissolved organic compounds from the water enables the use of low-cost disinfection methods, such as chlorination. While the working principles of slow sand filtration have remained the same for over two centuries, the design, sizes, and application of slow sand filters have been customized over the years. This paper reviews these adaptations and recent reports on performance regarding contaminant removal. We specifically address the removal of turbidity and microbial contaminants, which are of great concern to rural populations in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Maiyo
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, 500 Central Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sruthi Dasika
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, 500 Central Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chad T. Jafvert
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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3
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Mao Y, Wang S, Liang J, Mao S, Han Y, Zhang S. Stratum Ventilation: Enabling Simultaneous Energy Conservation and Air Purification in Subway Cars. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14521. [PMID: 36361400 PMCID: PMC9659082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The supply of fresh air for underground rail transit systems is not as simple as opening windows, which is a conventional ventilation (CV) measure adopted in aboveground vehicles. This study aims to improve contaminant dilution and air purification in subway car ventilation systems and the safety of rail transit post-coronavirus disease pandemic era. We designed an air conditioning (AC) terminal system combined with stratum ventilation (SV) to enable energy consumption reduction for subway cars. We experimentally tested the effectiveness of a turbulence model to investigate ventilation in subway cars. Further, we compared the velocity fields of CV and SV in subway cars to understand the differences in their airflow organizations and contaminant removal efficiencies, along with the energy savings of four ventilation scenarios, based on the calculations carried out using computational fluid dynamics. At a ventilation flow rate of 7200 m3/h, the CO2 concentration and temperature in the breathing areas of seated passengers were better in the SV than in the CV at a rate of 8500 m3/h. Additionally, the energy-saving rate of SV with AC cooling was 14.05%. The study provides new ideas for reducing the energy consumption of rail transit and broadens indoor application scenarios of SV technology.
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Li C, Hu C, Song Y, Sun YM, Yang W, Ma M. Active Oxygen Functional Group Modification and the Combined Interface Engineering Strategy for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:46695-46707. [PMID: 36210526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cathodic catalytic activity and interfacial mass transfer are key factors for efficiently generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, a carbonized carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthetic fabric cathode was designed and constructed to improve two-electron ORR activity and interfacial mass transfer. Carbonized CMC exhibits abundant active carboxyl groups and excellent two-electron ORR activity with an H2O2 selectivity of approximately 87%, higher than that of rGO and other commonly used carbonaceous catalysts. Carbonizing CMC and the agglomerates formed from it restrain the restacking of rGO sheets and thus create abundant meso/macroporous channels for the interfacial mass transfer of oxygen and H2O2. Thus, the as-constructed carbonized CMC-rGO synthetic fabric cathode exhibits exceptional H2O2 electrosynthesis performance with 11.94 mg·h-1·cm-2 yield and 82.32% current efficiency. The sufficient active sites and mass-transfer channels of the cathode also ensure its practical application performance at high current densities, which is further illustrated by the rapid organic pollutant degradation via the H2O2-based electro-Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
| | - Chaoquan Hu
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Meng Sun
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Weisheng Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210037, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ma
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, Jiangsu211135, P. R. China
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Huang L, Jin Y, Zhou D, Liu L, Huang S, Zhao Y, Chen Y. A Review of the Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in Wastewater Treatment Systems. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12191. [PMID: 36231490 PMCID: PMC9566195 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A review of the characterization and functions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microbial aggregates in biological wastewater treatment systems is presented in this paper. EPS represent the complex high-molecular-weight mixture of polymers excreted by microorganisms generated from cell lysis as well as adsorbed inorganic and organic matter from wastewater. EPS exhibit a three-dimensional, gel-like, highly hydrated matrix that facilitates microbial attachment, embedding, and immobilization. EPS play multiple roles in containments removal, and the main components of EPS crucially influence the properties of microbial aggregates, such as adsorption ability, stability, and formation capacity. Moreover, EPS are important to sludge bioflocculation, settleability, and dewatering properties and could be used as carbon and energy sources in wastewater treatment. However, due to the complex structure of EPS, related knowledge is incomplete, and further research is necessary to understand fully the precise roles in biological treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yinie Jin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Danheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Linxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shikun Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China
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Lee SH, Kurade MB, Jeon BH, Kim J, Zheng Y, Salama ES. Water condition in biotrickling filtration for the efficient removal of gaseous contaminants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:1279-1296. [PMID: 34107840 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1917506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofiltration (BF) facilitates the removal of organic and inorganic compounds through microbial reactions. Water is one of the most important elements in biotrickling filters that provides moisture and nutrients to microbial biofilms. The maintenance of proper trickle watering is very critical in biotrickling filtration because the flow rate of the trickling water significantly influences contaminant removal, and its optimal control is associated with various physicochemical and biological mechanisms. The lack of water leads to the drying of the media, creating several issues, including the restricted absorption of hydrophilic contaminants and the inhibition of microbial activities, which ultimately deteriorates the overall contaminant removal efficiency (RE). Conversely, an excess of water limits the mass transfer of oxygen or hydrophobic gases. In-depth analysis is required to elucidate the role of trickle water in the overall performance of biotrickling filters. The processes involved in the treatment of various polluted gases under specific water conditions have been summarized in this study. Recent microscopic studies on biofilms were reviewed to explain the process by which water stress influences the biological mechanisms involved in the treatment of hydrophobic contaminated gases. In order to maintain an effective mass transfer, hydrodynamic and biofilm conditions, a coherent understanding of water stress and the development of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in biofilms is necessary. Future studies on the realistic local distribution of hydrodynamic patterns (trickle flow, water film thickness, and wet efficiency), integrated with biofilm distributions, should be conducted with respect to EPS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Environmental Science, Keimyung Unviersity, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Keimyung Unviersity, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yuanzhang Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Biochemistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Abstract
Peptide cleanup is essential for the removal of contaminating substances that may be introduced during sample preparation steps in bottom-up proteomic workflows. Recent studies have described benefits of carboxylate-modified paramagnetic particles over traditional reversed-phase methods for detergent and polymer removal, but challenges with reproducibility have limited the widespread implementation of this approach among laboratories. To overcome these challenges, the current study systematically evaluated key experimental parameters regarding the use of carboxylate-modified paramagnetic particles and determined those that are critical for maximum performance and peptide recovery and those for which the protocol is tolerant to deviation. These results supported the development of a detailed, easy-to-use standard operating protocol, termed SP2, which can be applied to remove detergents and polymers from peptide samples while concentrating the sample in solvent that is directly compatible with typical LC-MS workflows. We demonstrate that SP2 can be applied to phosphopeptides and glycopeptides and that the approach is compatible with robotic liquid handling for automated sample processing. Altogether, the results of this study and accompanying detailed operating protocols for both manual and automated processing are expected to facilitate reproducible implementation of SP2 for various proteomics applications and will especially benefit core or shared resource facilities where unknown or unexpected contaminants may be particularly problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Waas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael Pereckas
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Christopher Ashwood
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Luo Q, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wei P, Yoo E, Pentzer E. Pickering Emulsion-Templated Encapsulation of Ionic Liquids for Contaminant Removal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:9612-9620. [PMID: 30741531 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have received attention for a diverse range of applications, but their liquid nature can make them difficult to handle and process and their high viscosities can lead to suboptimal performance. As such, encapsulated ILs are attractive for their ease of handling and high surface area and have potential for improved performance in energy storage, gas uptake, extractions, and so forth. Herein, we report a facile method to encapsulate a variety of ILs using Pickering emulsions as templates, graphene oxide (GO)-based nanosheets as particle surfactants, and interfacial polymerization for stabilization. The capsules contain up to 80% IL in the core, and the capsule shells are composed of polyurea and GO. We illustrate that capsules can be prepared from IL-in-water or IL-in-oil emulsions and explore the impact of monomer and IL identity, thereby accessing different compositions. The spherical, discrete capsules are characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. We illustrate the application of these IL capsules as a column material to remove phenol from oil, demonstrating ≥98% phenol removal after passage of >170 column volumes. This simple method to prepare capsules of IL will find widespread use across diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmo Luo
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Zehao Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Peiran Wei
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Esther Yoo
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Emily Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
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Lutzu GA, Dunford NT. Algal treatment of wastewater generated during oil and gas production using hydraulic fracturing technology. Environ Technol 2019; 40:1027-1034. [PMID: 29226768 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1415983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing technology is widely used for recovering natural gas and oil from tight oil and gas reserves. Large volumes of wastewater, flowback water, are produced during the fracturing process. This study examines algal treatment of flowback water. Thirteen microalgae strains consisting of cyanobacteria and green algae were examined. Wastewater quality before and after algae treatment, as well as volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents of the biomass grown in flowback water were examined. The experimental results demonstrated that microalgae can grow in flowback water. The chemical composition of the algal biomass produced in flowback water was strain specific. Over 65% total dissolved solids, 100% nitrate and over 95% boron reduction in flowback water could be achieved. Hence, algal treatment of flowback water can significantly reduce the adverse environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing technology and produce biomass that can be converted to bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Antonio Lutzu
- a Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA
| | - Nurhan Turgut Dunford
- a Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA
- b Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA
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Abstract
Sample preparation is one of the key technologies for successful two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Due to the great diversity of protein sample types and sources, no single sample preparation method works with all proteins; for any sample the optimum procedure must be determined empirically. This review is meant to provide a broad overview of the most important principles in sample preparation in order to avoid a multitude of possible pitfalls. Sample preparation protocols from the expert in the field were screened and evaluated. On the basis of these protocols and my own comprehensive practical experience important guidelines are given in this review. The presented guidelines will facilitate straightforward protocol development for researchers new to gel-based proteomics. In addition the available choices are rationalized in order to successfully prepare a protein sample for 2DE separations. The strategies described here are not limited to 2DE and can also be applied to other protein separation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Posch
- Bio-Rad Laboratories GmbH , Heidemannstrasse Munich , Germany
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