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Correction to: Lessons learned from phase 3 trials of immunotherapy for glioblastoma: Time for longitudinal sampling? Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:779. [PMID: 38109270 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
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Chen E, Ling AL, Reardon DA, Chiocca EA. Lessons learned from phase 3 trials of immunotherapy for glioblastoma: Time for longitudinal sampling? Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:211-225. [PMID: 37995317 PMCID: PMC10836778 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM)'s median overall survival is almost 21 months. Six phase 3 immunotherapy clinical trials have recently been published, yet 5/6 did not meet approval by regulatory bodies. For the sixth, approval is uncertain. Trial failures result from multiple factors, ranging from intrinsic tumor biology to clinical trial design. Understanding the clinical and basic science of these 6 trials is compelled by other immunotherapies reaching the point of advanced phase 3 clinical trial testing. We need to understand more of the science in human GBMs in early trials: the "window of opportunity" design may not be best to understand complex changes brought about by immunotherapeutic perturbations of the GBM microenvironment. The convergence of increased safety of image-guided biopsies with "multi-omics" of small cell numbers now permits longitudinal sampling of tumor and biofluids to dissect the complex temporal changes in the GBM microenvironment as a function of the immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander L Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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DePeaux K, Rivadeneira DB, Lontos K, Dean VG, Gunn WG, Watson MJ, Yao T, Wilfahrt D, Hinck C, Wieteska L, Thorne SH, Hinck AP, Delgoffe GM. An oncolytic virus-delivered TGFβ inhibitor overcomes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230053. [PMID: 37552475 PMCID: PMC10407786 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While checkpoint blockade immunotherapies have widespread success, they rely on a responsive immune infiltrate; as such, treatments enhancing immune infiltration and preventing immunosuppression are of critical need. We previously generated αPD-1 resistant variants of the murine HNSCC model MEER. While entirely αPD-1 resistant, these tumors regress after single dose of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV). We then generated a VV-resistant MEER line to dissect the immunologic features of sensitive and resistant tumors. While treatment of both tumor types induced immune infiltration and IFNγ, we found a defining feature of resistance was elevation of immunosuppressive cytokines like TGFβ, which blunted IFNγ signaling, especially in regulatory T cells. We engineered VV to express a genetically encoded TGFβRII inhibitor. Inhibitor-expressing VV produced regressions in resistant tumor models and showed impressive synergy with checkpoint blockade. Importantly, tumor-specific, viral delivery of TGFβ inhibition had no toxicities associated with systemic TGFβ/TGFβR inhibition. Our data suggest that aside from stimulating immune infiltration, oncolytic viruses are attractive means to deliver agents to limit immunosuppression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin DePeaux
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dayana B. Rivadeneira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Lontos
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Center, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victoria G. Dean
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William G. Gunn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - McLane J. Watson
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Tianhong Yao
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Drew Wilfahrt
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lukasz Wieteska
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Andrew P. Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M. Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Collins SM, Alexander KA, Lundh S, Dimitri AJ, Zhang Z, Good CR, Fraietta JA, Berger SL. TOX2 coordinates with TET2 to positively regulate central memory differentiation in human CAR T cells. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh2605. [PMID: 37467321 PMCID: PMC10355826 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is used in treating human hematological malignancies, but its efficacy is limited by T cell exhaustion (TEX). TEX arises at the expense of central memory T cells (TCM), which exhibit robust antitumor efficacy. Reduction of the TET2 gene led to increased TCM differentiation in a patient with leukemia who experienced a complete remission. We show that loss of TET2 led to increased chromatin accessibility at exhaustion regulators TOX and TOX2, plus increased expression of TOX2. Knockdown of TOX increased the percentage of TCM. However, unexpectedly, knockdown of TOX2 decreased TCM percentage and reduced proliferation. Consistently, a TCM gene signature was reduced in the TOX2 knockdown, and TOX2 bound to promoters of numerous TCM genes. Our results thus suggest a role for human TOX2, in contrast to exhaustion regulator TOX, as a potentiator of central memory differentiation of CAR T cells, with plausible utility in CAR T cell cancer therapy via modulated TOX2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra M. Collins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine A. Alexander
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stefan Lundh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander J. Dimitri
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charly R. Good
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A. Fraietta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
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Lontos K, Wang Y, Joshi SK, Frisch AT, Watson MJ, Kumar A, Menk AV, Wang Y, Cumberland R, Lohmueller J, Carrizosa E, Boyerinas B, Delgoffe GM. Metabolic reprogramming via an engineered PGC-1α improves human chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy against solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006522. [PMID: 36914208 PMCID: PMC10016249 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular immunotherapies for cancer represent a means by which a patient's immune system can be augmented with high numbers of tumor-specific T cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy involves genetic engineering to 'redirect' peripheral T cells to tumor targets, showing remarkable potency in blood cancers. However, due to several resistance mechanisms, CAR-T cell therapies remain ineffective in solid tumors. We and others have shown the tumor microenvironment harbors a distinct metabolic landscape that produces a barrier to immune cell function. Further, altered differentiation of T cells within tumors induces defects in mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in severe cell-intrinsic metabolic deficiencies. While we and others have shown murine T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic cells can be improved through enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, we sought to determine whether human CAR-T cells could be enabled through a metabolic reprogramming approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-EGFR CAR-T cells were infused in NSG mice which bore A549 tumors. The tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed for exhaustion and metabolic deficiencies. Lentiviruses carrying PPAR-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), PGC-1αS571A and NT-PGC-1α constructs were used to co-transduce T cells with anti-EGFR CAR lentiviruses. We performed metabolic analysis via flow cytometry and Seahorse analysis in vitro as well as RNA sequencing. Finally, we treated therapeutically A549-carrying NSG mice with either PGC-1α or NT-PGC-1α anti-EGFR CAR-T cells. We also analyzed the differences in the tumor-infiltrating CAR-T cells when PGC-1α is co-expressed. RESULTS Here, in this study, we show that an inhibition resistant, engineered version of PGC-1α, can metabolically reprogram human CAR-T cells. Transcriptomic profiling of PGC-1α-transduced CAR-T cells showed this approach effectively induced mitochondrial biogenesis, but also upregulated programs associated with effector functions. Treatment of immunodeficient animals bearing human solid tumors with these cells resulted in substantially improved in vivo efficacy. In contrast, a truncated version of PGC-1α, NT-PGC-1α, did not improve the in vivo outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our data further support a role for metabolic reprogramming in immunomodulatory treatments and highlight the utility of genes like PGC-1α as attractive candidates to include in cargo along with chimeric receptors or TCRs for cell therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Lontos
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Supriya K Joshi
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew T Frisch
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - McLane J Watson
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alok Kumar
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley V Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rachel Cumberland
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Bookstaver ML, Zeng Q, Oakes RS, Kapnick SM, Saxena V, Edwards C, Venkataraman N, Black SK, Zeng X, Froimchuk E, Gebhardt T, Bromberg JS, Jewell CM. Self-Assembly of Immune Signals to Program Innate Immunity through Rational Adjuvant Design. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 10:e2202393. [PMID: 36373708 PMCID: PMC9811447 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical studies show activating multiple innate immune pathways drives robust responses in infection and cancer. Biomaterials offer useful features to deliver multiple cargos, but add translational complexity and intrinsic immune signatures that complicate rational design. Here a modular adjuvant platform is created using self-assembly to build nanostructured capsules comprised entirely of antigens and multiple classes of toll-like receptor agonists (TLRas). These assemblies sequester TLR to endolysosomes, allowing programmable control over the relative signaling levels transduced through these receptors. Strikingly, this combinatorial control of innate signaling can generate divergent antigen-specific responses against a particular antigen. These assemblies drive reorganization of lymph node stroma to a pro-immune microenvironment, expanding antigen-specific T cells. Excitingly, assemblies built from antigen and multiple TLRas enhance T cell function and antitumor efficacy compared to ad-mixed formulations or capsules with a single TLRa. Finally, capsules built from a clinically relevant human melanoma antigen and up to three TLRa classes enable simultaneous control of signal transduction across each pathway. This creates a facile adjuvant design platform to tailor signaling for vaccines and immunotherapies without using carrier components. The modular nature supports precision juxtaposition of antigen with agonists relevant for several innate receptor families, such as toll, STING, NOD, and RIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Bookstaver
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Qin Zeng
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Robert S. Oakes
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
- United States Department of Veterans AffairsVA Maryland Health Care System10 North Greene StreetBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Senta M. Kapnick
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory DiseasesUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Camilla Edwards
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Nishedhya Venkataraman
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Sheneil K. Black
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Xiangbin Zeng
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Eugene Froimchuk
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory DiseasesUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine685 West Baltimore StreetBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Maryland8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
- United States Department of Veterans AffairsVA Maryland Health Care System10 North Greene StreetBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine685 West Baltimore StreetBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices8278 Paint Branch DriveCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center22 South Greene StreetBaltimoreMD21201USA
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Jones R, Holleran J, Parise RA, Rudek MA, Chan J, Wen Y, Gobburu J, Lewis LD, Beumer JH. Quantitation of Cabozantinib in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 60:274-279. [PMID: 34240176 PMCID: PMC8946687 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To support a phase III randomized trial of the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib in neuroendocrine tumors, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to quantitate cabozantinib in 50 μL of human plasma. After acetonitrile protein precipitation, chromatographic separation was achieved with a Phenomenex synergy polar reverse phase (4 μm, 2 × 50 mm) column and a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water over a 5-min run time. Detection was performed on a Quattromicro quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray, positive-mode ionization. The assay was linear over the concentration range 50-5000 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (103.4-105.4%) and precise (<5.0%CV). Hemolysis (10% RBC) and use of heparin as anticoagulant did not impact quantitation. Recovery from plasma varied between 103.0-107.7% and matrix effect was -47.5 to -41.3%. Plasma freeze-thaw stability (97.7-104.9%), stability for 3 months at -80°C (103.4-111.4%), and stability for 4 h at room temperature (100.1-104.9%) were all acceptable. Incurred sample reanalysis of (N = 64) passed: 100% samples within 20% difference, -0.7% median difference and 1.1% median absolute difference. External validation showed a bias of less than 1.1%. This assay will help further define the clinical pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Jones
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
| | - Julianne Holleran
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Department of Oncology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jennifer Chan
- Dana Farber/Partners CancerCare, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 450 Brookline Ave. Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
| | - Yujia Wen
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, 125 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60606 , USA
| | - Joga Gobburu
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201 , USA
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace St Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Abstract
Malignant gliomas, including glioblastoma (GBM) as the most aggressive type of adult CNS tumors, are notoriously resistant to current standard of care treatments, including surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (RT). This lack of effective treatment options highlights the urgent need for novel therapies, including immunotherapies. The overarching goal of immunotherapy is to stimulate and activate the patient's immune system in a targeted manner to kill tumor cells. The success of immunotherapeutic interventions in other cancer types has led to interest in and evaluation of various experimental immunotherapies in patients with malignant gliomas. However, these primary malignant brain tumors present a challenge because they exist in a vital and sensitive organ with a unique immune environment. The challenges and current status of experimental immunotherapeutic approaches, including vaccines, immune-checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and oncolytic viruses will be discussed, as well as the potential for combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Montoya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, US
| | - Noriyuki Kasahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, US
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, US
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, US
- The Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, California, US
- Cancer Immunotherapy Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, US
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Zhang P, Bookstaver ML, Jewell CM. Engineering Cell Surfaces with Polyelectrolyte Materials for Translational Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E40. [PMID: 30970718 PMCID: PMC6431965 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering cell surfaces with natural or synthetic materials is a unique and powerful strategy for biomedical applications. Cells exhibit more sophisticated migration, control, and functional capabilities compared to nanoparticles, scaffolds, viruses, and other engineered materials or agents commonly used in the biomedical field. Over the past decade, modification of cell surfaces with natural or synthetic materials has been studied to exploit this complexity for both fundamental and translational goals. In this review we present the existing biomedical technologies for engineering cell surfaces with one important class of materials, polyelectrolytes. We begin by introducing the challenges facing the cell surface engineering field. We then discuss the features of polyelectrolytes and how these properties can be harnessed to solve challenges in cell therapy, tissue engineering, cell-based drug delivery, sensing and tracking, and immune modulation. Throughout the review, we highlight opportunities to drive the field forward by bridging new knowledge of polyelectrolytes with existing translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MA 20742, USA.
| | - Michelle L Bookstaver
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MA 20742, USA.
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MA 20742, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 21201, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MA 21201, USA.
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore, MA 21201, USA.
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Lowe JR, Perry DJ, Salama AKS, Mathews CE, Moss LG, Hanks BA. Genetic risk analysis of a patient with fulminant autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus secondary to combination ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:89. [PMID: 28031819 PMCID: PMC5170902 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy is becoming an effective treatment modality for an increasing number of malignancies. As a result, autoinflammatory side-effects are also being observed more commonly in the clinic. We are currently unable to predict which patients will develop more severe toxicities associated with these treatment regimens. CASE PRESENTATION We present a patient with stage IV melanoma that developed rapid onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) in response to combination ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy. At the time of the patient's presentation with diabetes ketoacidosis, a confirmed anti-GAD antibody seroconversion was noted. Longer-term follow-up of this patient has demonstrated a durable complete response based on PET CT imaging along with a persistently undetectable C-peptide level. Single nucleotide polymorphism gene sequencing and HLA risk allele analysis has revealed the patient to lack any established genetic predisposition to the development of autoimmune T1D. CONCLUSIONS While larger studies are necessary to better understand the role of genetic risk factors for the development of autoimmune toxicities in those patients undergoing checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, these results suggest that pre-screening patients for known T1D risk alleles may not be indicated. Additional investigation is needed to determine whether an approach such as T cell receptor clonotypic analysis to identify the presence of autoreactive T cell clones may be an effective approach for predicting which patients are at risk for the development of autoinflammatory toxicities while undergoing checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R. Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - April K. S. Salama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Melanoma Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Larry G. Moss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Brent A. Hanks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Melanoma Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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