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Parra-Perez AM, Gallego-Martinez A, Lopez-Escamez JA. An overload of missense variants in the OTOG gene may drive a higher prevalence of familial Meniere disease in the European population. Hum Genet 2024; 143:423-435. [PMID: 38519595 PMCID: PMC11043142 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Meniere disease is a complex inner ear disorder with significant familial aggregation. A differential prevalence of familial MD (FMD) has been reported, being 9-10% in Europeans compared to 6% in East Asians. A broad genetic heterogeneity in FMD has been described, OTOG being the most common mutated gene, with a compound heterozygous recessive inheritance. We hypothesize that an OTOG-related founder effect may explain the higher prevalence of FMD in the European population. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the allele frequency (AF) and distribution of OTOG rare variants across different populations. For this purpose, the coding regions with high constraint (low density of rare variants) were retrieved in the OTOG coding sequence in Non-Finnish European (NFE).. Missense variants (AF < 0.01) were selected from a 100 FMD patient cohort, and their population AF was annotated using gnomAD v2.1. A linkage analysis was performed, and odds ratios were calculated to compare AF between NFE and other populations. Thirteen rare missense variants were observed in 13 FMD patients, with 2 variants (rs61978648 and rs61736002) shared by 5 individuals and another variant (rs117315845) shared by two individuals. The results confirm the observed enrichment of OTOG rare missense variants in FMD. Furthermore, eight variants were enriched in the NFE population, and six of them were in constrained regions. Structural modeling predicts five missense variants that could alter the otogelin stability. We conclude that several variants reported in FMD are in constraint regions, and they may have a founder effect and explain the burden of FMD in the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Parra-Perez
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER),, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Meniere's Disease Neuroscience Research Program, The Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, 10 Westbourne St, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alvaro Gallego-Martinez
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER),, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Meniere's Disease Neuroscience Research Program, The Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, 10 Westbourne St, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose A Lopez-Escamez
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER),, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Meniere's Disease Neuroscience Research Program, The Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, 10 Westbourne St, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Parra-Perez AM, Lopez-Escamez JA. Types of Inheritance and Genes Associated with Familial Meniere Disease. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023:10.1007/s10162-023-00896-0. [PMID: 37022572 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniere disease (MD) is a rare disorder of the inner ear defined by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with episodes of vertigo and tinnitus. The phenotype is variable, and it may be associated with other comorbidities such as migraine, respiratory allergies, and several autoimmune disorders. The condition has a significant heritability according to epidemiological and familial segregation studies. Familial MD is found in 10% of cases, the most frequently found genes being OTOG, MYO7A, and TECTA, previously associated with autosomal dominant and recessive non-syndromic SNHL. These findings suggest a new hypothesis where proteins involved in the extracellular structures in the apical surface of sensory epithelia (otolithic and tectorial membranes) and proteins in the stereocilia links would be key elements in the pathophysiology of MD. The ionic homeostasis of the otolithic and tectorial membranes could be critical to suppress the innate motility of individual hair cell bundles. Initially, focal detachment of these extracellular membranes may cause random depolarization of hair cells and will explain changes in tinnitus loudness or trigger vertigo attacks in early stages of MD. With the progression of the disease, a larger detachment will lead to an otolithic membrane herniation into the horizontal semicircular canal with dissociation in caloric and head impulse responses. Familial MD shows different types of inheritance, including autosomal dominant and compound recessive patterns and implementation of genetic testing will improve our understanding of the genetic structure of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Parra-Perez
- Meniere's Disease Neuroscience Research Program, Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Medical Sciences, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, 10 Westbourne St, St Leonards NSW 2064, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO - Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research - Pfizer, University of Granada, PTS, Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Lopez-Escamez
- Meniere's Disease Neuroscience Research Program, Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Medical Sciences, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, 10 Westbourne St, St Leonards NSW 2064, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO - Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research - Pfizer, University of Granada, PTS, Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain.
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain.
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