1
|
Twist BA, Mazel F, Zaklan Duff S, Lemay MA, Pearce CM, Martone PT. Kelp and sea urchin settlement mediated by biotic interactions with benthic coralline algal species. J Phycol 2024; 60:363-379. [PMID: 38147464 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Species interactions can influence key ecological processes that support community assembly and composition. For example, coralline algae encompass extensive diversity and may play a major role in regime shifts from kelp forests to urchin-dominated barrens through their role in inducing invertebrate larval metamorphosis and influencing kelp spore settlement. In a series of laboratory experiments, we tested the hypothesis that different coralline communities facilitate the maintenance of either ecosystem state by either promoting or inhibiting early recruitment of kelps or urchins. Coralline algae significantly increased red urchin metamorphosis compared with a control, while they had varying effects on kelp settlement. Urchin metamorphosis and density of juvenile canopy kelps did not differ significantly across coralline species abundant in both kelp forests and urchin barrens, suggesting that recruitment of urchin and canopy kelps does not depend on specific corallines. Non-calcified fleshy red algal crusts promoted the highest mean urchin metamorphosis percentage and showed some of the lowest canopy kelp settlement. In contrast, settlement of one subcanopy kelp species was reduced on crustose corallines, but elevated on articulated corallines, suggesting that articulated corallines, typically absent in urchin barrens, may need to recover before this subcanopy kelp could return. Coralline species differed in surface bacterial microbiome composition; however, urchin metamorphosis was not significantly different when microbiomes were removed with antibiotics. Our results clarify the role played by coralline algal species in kelp forest community assembly and could have important implications for kelp forest recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenton A Twist
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Hakai Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Florent Mazel
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Zaklan Duff
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Christopher M Pearce
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patrick T Martone
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Hakai Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Crane AL, Feyten LEA, Preagola AA, Ferrari MCO, Brown GE. Uncertainty about predation risk: a conceptual review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:238-252. [PMID: 37839808 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainty has long been of interest to economists and psychologists and has more recently gained attention among ecologists. In the ecological world, animals must regularly make decisions related to finding resources and avoiding threats. Here, we describe uncertainty as a perceptual phenomenon of decision-makers, and we focus specifically on the functional ecology of such uncertainty regarding predation risk. Like all uncertainty, uncertainty about predation risk reflects informational limitations. When cues are available, they may be novel (i.e. unknown information), incomplete, unreliable, overly abundant and complex, or conflicting. We review recent studies that have used these informational limitations to induce uncertainty of predation risk. These studies have typically used either over-responses to novelty (i.e. neophobia) or memory attenuation as proxies for measuring uncertainty. Because changes in the environment, particularly unpredictable changes, drive informational limitations, we describe studies assessing unpredictable variance in spatio-temporal predation risk, intensity of predation risk, predator encounter rate, and predator diversity. We also highlight anthropogenic changes within habitats that are likely to have dramatic impacts on information availability and thus uncertainty in antipredator decisions in the modern world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Crane
- WCVM, Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Laurence E A Feyten
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alexyz A Preagola
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Pl., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- WCVM, Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Grant E Brown
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cummings S, Scime NV, Brennand EA. Age and postoperative opioid use in women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:1371-1377. [PMID: 37587619 PMCID: PMC10540930 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective was to explore the relation between patient age and postoperative opioid use up to 24 hours following pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study following 335 women ranging in age from 26 to 82 years who underwent surgery for multi-compartment POP at a tertiary center in Alberta, Canada. Patient characteristics were measured using baseline questionnaires. Perioperative data were collected from medical chart review during and up to 24 hours following surgery. We used logistic regression to analyze the odds of being opioid-free and linear regression to analyze mean differences in opioid dose, measured as total morphine equivalent daily dose, exploring for a potential non-linear effect of age. Adjusted models controlled for preoperative pain, surgical characteristics and patient health factors. RESULTS Overall, age was positively associated with greater odds of being opioid-free in the first 24 hours after surgery (adjusted odds ratio per increasing year of age = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.09, n = 332 women). Among opioid users, age was inversely associated with total opioid dose (adjusted mean difference per increasing year of age = 0.71 mg morphine equivalent daily dose, 95% CI -0.99 to -0.44, n = 204 women). There was no evidence of a non-linear relation between age and postoperative opioid use or dose. CONCLUSIONS In the context of POP surgery, we found that younger women were more likely to use opioids after surgery and to use a higher dose in the first 24 hours when compared with older women. These findings support physicians to consider age when counseling POP patients regarding pain management after surgery, and to direct resources aimed at opioid-free pain control towards younger patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Cummings
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Natalie V. Scime
- Department of Health and SocietyUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughScarboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Erin A. Brennand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diskin C, Day EA, Henry ÓC, Toller-Kawahisa JE, O’Neill LAJ. 4-Octyl Itaconate and Dimethyl Fumarate Induce Secretion of the Anti-Inflammatory Protein Annexin A1 via NRF2. J Immunol 2023; 211:1032-1041. [PMID: 37578391 PMCID: PMC10476164 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A1 is a key anti-inflammatory effector protein that is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI), a derivative of the endogenous metabolite itaconate, which is abundantly produced by LPS-activated macrophages, has recently been identified as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. The anti-inflammatory effects of 4-OI share a significant overlap with those of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a derivate of another Krebs cycle metabolite fumarate, which is already in use clinically for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this study we show that both 4-OI and DMF induce secretion of the 33-kDa form of annexin A1 from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, an effect that is much more pronounced in LPS-stimulated cells. We also show that this 4-OI- and DMF-driven annexin A1 secretion is NRF2-dependent and that other means of activating NRF2 give rise to the same response. Lastly, we demonstrate that the cholesterol transporter ABCA1, which has previously been implicated in annexin A1 secretion, is required for this process in macrophages. Our findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the anti-inflammatory effects of the Krebs cycle metabolite derivatives 4-OI and DMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciana Diskin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emily A. Day
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Órlaith C. Henry
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juliana E. Toller-Kawahisa
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A. J. O’Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang C, Kim JT, Wang C, Sun X. Progress and Prospects of Inorganic Solid-State Electrolyte-Based All-Solid-State Pouch Cells. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209074. [PMID: 36398496 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries have piqued global research interest because of their unprecedented safety and high energy density. Significant advances have been made in achieving high room-temperature ionic conductivity and good air stability of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), mitigating the challenges at the electrode-electrolyte interface, and developing feasible manufacturing processes. Along with the advances in fundamental study, all-solid-state pouch cells using inorganic SSEs have been widely demonstrated, revealing their immense potential for industrialization. This review provides an overview of inorganic all-solid-state pouch cells, focusing on ultrathin SSE membranes, sheet-type thick solid-state electrodes, and bipolar stacking. Moreover, several critical parameters directly influencing the energy density of all-solid-state Li-ion and lithium-sulfur pouch cells are outlined. Finally, perspectives on all-solid-state pouch cells are provided and specific metrics to meet certain energy density targets are specified. This review looks to facilitate the development of inorganic all-solid-state pouch cells with high energy density and excellent safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moradi Kashkooli, Jakhmola A, Ferrier GA, Hornsby TK, Tavakkoli J(J, Kolios MC. Integrating Therapeutic Ultrasound With Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems in the Battle Against Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231211472. [PMID: 37946517 PMCID: PMC10637173 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231211472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled, localized, and timely activation of nanosized drug delivery systems (NSDDSs), using an external stimulus such as therapeutic ultrasound (TUS), can improve the efficacy of cancer treatments compared to either conventional chemotherapy methods or passive NSDDSs alone. Specifically, TUS induces thermal and mechanical effects that trigger drug release from NSDDSs and overcomes drug delivery barriers in tumor microenvironments to allow nanoparticle drug carriers to penetrate more deeply into tumor tissue while minimizing side effects. This review highlights recent advancements, contemplates future prospects, and addresses challenges in using TUS-mediated NSDDSs for cancer treatment, encompassing preclinical and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moradi Kashkooli
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anshuman Jakhmola
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham A. Ferrier
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler K. Hornsby
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jahangir (Jahan) Tavakkoli
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael C. Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang C, Liang J, Kim JT, Sun X. Prospects of halide-based all-solid-state batteries: From material design to practical application. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadc9516. [PMID: 36070390 PMCID: PMC9451152 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The safety of lithium-ion batteries has caused notable concerns about their widespread adoption in electric vehicles. A nascent but promising approach to enhancing battery safety is using solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) to develop all-solid-state batteries, which exhibit unrivaled safety and superior energy density. A new family of SSEs based on halogen chemistry has recently gained renewed interest because of their high ionic conductivity, high-voltage stability, good deformability, and cost-effective and scalable synthesis routes. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of halide SSEs concerning their crystal structures, ion transport kinetics, and viability for mass production. Furthermore, their moisture sensitivity and interfacial challenges are summarized with corresponding effective strategies. Last, halide-based all-solid-state Li-ion and Li-S pouch cells with energy density targets of 400 and 500 Wh kg-1 are projected to guide future endeavors. This work serves as a comprehensive guideline for developing halide SSEs from material design to practical application.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mérot C, Berdan EL, Cayuela H, Djambazian H, Ferchaud AL, Laporte M, Normandeau E, Ragoussis J, Wellenreuther M, Bernatchez L. Locally Adaptive Inversions Modulate Genetic Variation at Different Geographic Scales in a Seaweed Fly. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3953-3971. [PMID: 33963409 PMCID: PMC8382925 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Across a species range, multiple sources of environmental heterogeneity, at both small and large scales, create complex landscapes of selection, which may challenge adaptation, particularly when gene flow is high. One key to multidimensional adaptation may reside in the heterogeneity of recombination along the genome. Structural variants, like chromosomal inversions, reduce recombination, increasing linkage disequilibrium among loci at a potentially massive scale. In this study, we examined how chromosomal inversions shape genetic variation across a species range and ask how their contribution to adaptation in the face of gene flow varies across geographic scales. We sampled the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida along a bioclimatic gradient stretching across 10° of latitude, a salinity gradient, and a range of heterogeneous, patchy habitats. We generated a chromosome-level genome assembly to analyze 1,446 low-coverage whole genomes collected along those gradients. We found several large nonrecombining genomic regions, including putative inversions. In contrast to the collinear regions, inversions and low-recombining regions differentiated populations more strongly, either along an ecogeographic cline or at a fine-grained scale. These genomic regions were associated with environmental factors and adaptive phenotypes, albeit with contrasting patterns. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of recombination in shaping adaptation to environmental heterogeneity at local and large scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mérot
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Emma L Berdan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Cayuela
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne-Laure Ferchaud
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Laporte
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Normandeau
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Seafood Research Unit, Plant & Food Research, Port Nelson, Nelson, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Reptiles with continuous tooth replacement, or polyphyodonty, replace their teeth in predictable, well-timed waves in alternating tooth positions around the mouth. This process is thought to occur irrespective of tooth wear or breakage. In this study, we aimed to determine if damage to teeth and premature tooth extraction affects tooth replacement timing long-term in juvenile green iguanas (Iguana iguana). First, we examined normal tooth development histologically using a BrdU pulse-chase analysis to detect label-retaining cells in replacement teeth and dental tissues. Next, we performed tooth extraction experiments for characterization of dental tissues after functional tooth (FT) extraction, including proliferation and β-Catenin expression, for up to 12 weeks. We then compared these results to a newly analyzed historical dataset of X-rays collected up to 7 months after FT damage and extraction in the green iguana. Results show that proliferation in the dental and successional lamina (SL) does not change after extraction of the FT, and proliferation occurs in the SL only when a tooth differentiates. Damage to an FT crown does not affect the timing of the tooth replacement cycle, however, complete extraction shifts the replacement cycle ahead by 4 weeks by removing the need for resorption of the FT. These results suggest that traumatic FT loss affects the timing of the replacement cycle at that one position, which may have implications for tooth replacement patterning around the entire mouth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin S Brink
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ping Wu
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA HMR313, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA HMR313, USA
| | - Joy M Richman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wilkey ED, Conrad BN, Yeo DJ, Price GR. Shared Numerosity Representations Across Formats and Tasks Revealed with 7 Tesla fMRI: Decoding, Generalization, and Individual Differences in Behavior. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa038. [PMID: 34296107 PMCID: PMC8153058 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Debate continues on whether encoding of symbolic number is grounded in nonsymbolic numerical magnitudes. Nevertheless, fluency of perceiving both number formats, and translating between them, predicts math skills across the life span. Therefore, this study asked if numbers share cortical activation patterns across formats and tasks, and whether neural response to number predicts math-related behaviors. We analyzed patterns of neural activation using 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging in a sample of 39 healthy adults. Discrimination was successful between numerosities 2, 4, 6, and 8 dots and generalized to activation patterns of the same numerosities represented as Arabic digits in the bilateral parietal lobes and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (and vice versa). This indicates that numerosity-specific neural resources are shared between formats. Generalization was also successful across tasks where participants either identified or compared numerosities in bilateral parietal lobes and IFG. Individual differences in decoding did not relate to performance on a number comparison task completed outside of the scanner, but generalization between formats and across tasks negatively related to math achievement in the parietal lobes. Together, these findings suggest that individual differences in representational specificity within format and task contexts relate to mathematical expertise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Wilkey
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Benjamin N Conrad
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Darren J Yeo
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639818, Singapore
| | - Gavin R Price
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bai S, Wang X, Vapaavuori J, He X. Fast formation of a supramolecular ion gel/solvoplastic elastomer with excellent stretchability. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:180271. [PMID: 30110403 PMCID: PMC6030259 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a simple yet efficient approach for the preparation of an ionic gel that is also elastomeric in its solid-state bulk form. A series of poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate) P(DMAEMA-co-LMA) copolymers were synthesized first by radical polymerization. Quaternization of the PDMAEMA component in tetrahydrofuran enables the formation of supramolecular network, giving rise to an ion gel. An elastomer with an elongation at break of over 600% was obtained from the gel. The elastomer, connected by supramolecular ionic cross-links, is solvoplastic in certain solvents. The simple yet efficient approach of the formation of ion-gel and the dried elastomer allows fast preparation of both gel-like and solid-state elastic materials for various applications where recyclability is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shishun Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Energy Polymer Research Center, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Energy Polymer Research Center, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Xianru He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Energy Polymer Research Center, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| |
Collapse
|