1
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Lim GM, Maharajan N, Cho GW. How calorie restriction slows aging: an epigenetic perspective. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:629-640. [PMID: 38456926 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Genomic instability and epigenetic alterations are some of the prominent factors affecting aging. Age-related heterochromatin loss and decreased whole-genome DNA methylation are associated with abnormal gene expression, leading to diseases and genomic instability. Modulation of these epigenetic changes is crucial for preserving genomic integrity and controlling cellular identity is important for slowing the aging process. Numerous studies have shown that caloric restriction is the gold standard for promoting longevity and healthy aging in various species ranging from rodents to primates. It can be inferred that delaying of aging through the main effector such as calorie restriction is involved in cellular identity and epigenetic modification. Thus, an understanding of aging through calorie restriction may seek a more in-depth understanding. In this review, we discuss how caloric restriction promotes longevity and healthy aging through genomic stability and epigenetic alterations. We have also highlighted how the effectors of caloric restriction are involved in modulating the chromatin-based barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Min Lim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Nagarajan Maharajan
- The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gwang-Won Cho
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
- The Basic Science Institute of Chosun University, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Jeong S, Kim S, Lim SH, Yu SK. A study of correlations between cephalometric measurements in Koreans with normal occlusion by network analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9660. [PMID: 38671196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the correlation between cephalometric measurements is important for improving our understanding of the anatomy in the oral and maxillofacial region. To minimize bias resulting from the design of the input data and to establish a reference for malocclusion research, the aims of this study were to construct the input set by integrating nine cephalometric analyses and to study the correlation structure of cephalometric variables in Korean adults with normal occlusion. To analyze the complex correlation structure among 65 cephalometric variables, which were based on nine classical cephalometric analyses, network analysis was applied to data obtained from 735 adults (368 males, 367 females) aged 18-25 years with normal occlusion. The structure was better revealed through weighted network analysis and minimum spanning tree. Network analysis revealed cephalometric variable clusters and the inter- and intra-correlation structure. Some metrics were divided based on their geometric interpretation rather than their clinical significance. It was confirmed that various classical cephalometric analyses primarily focus on investigating nine anatomical features. Investigating the correlation between cephalometric variables through network analysis can significantly enhance our understanding of the anatomical characteristics in the oral and maxillofacial region, which is a crucial step in studying malocclusion using artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seorin Jeong
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 7 Chosundaegil, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 7 Chosundaegil, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Lim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 7 Chosundaegil, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Yu
- Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 7 Chosundaegil, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Jung YH, Lee HY, Lee BK, Choi BK, Kim TH, Kim JW, Kim HC, Kim HJ, Jeung KW. Feasibility of Magnetic Resonance-Based Conductivity Imaging as a Tool to Estimate the Severity of Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in the First Hours After Cardiac Arrest. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:538-550. [PMID: 37353670 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of the severity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) after cardiac arrest can be used to help plan appropriate subsequent therapy. We evaluated whether conductivity of cerebral tissue measured using magnetic resonance-based conductivity imaging (MRCI), which provides contrast derived from the concentration and mobility of ions within the imaged tissue, can reflect the severity of HIBI in the early hours after cardiac arrest. METHODS Fourteen minipigs were resuscitated after 5 min or 12 min of untreated cardiac arrest. MRCI was performed at baseline and at 1 h and 3.5 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). RESULTS In both groups, the conductivity of cerebral tissue significantly increased at 1 h after ROSC compared with that at baseline (P = 0.031 and 0.016 in the 5-min and 12-min groups, respectively). The increase was greater in the 12-min group, resulting in significantly higher conductivity values in the 12-min group (P = 0.030). At 3.5 h after ROSC, the conductivity of cerebral tissue in the 12-min group remained increased (P = 0.022), whereas that in the 5-min group returned to its baseline level. CONCLUSIONS The conductivity of cerebral tissue was increased in the first hours after ROSC, and the increase was more prominent and lasted longer in the 12-min group than in the 5-min group. Our findings suggest the promising potential of MRCI as a tool to estimate the severity of HIBI in the early hours after cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Youn Lee
- Trauma Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kook Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bup Kyung Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woon Jeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Song CS, Ma SR, Lee JY, Chun BY. Effects of Presenteeism on Burnout among Rehabilitation Medical Workers in Korea: Multiple Mediating Effects of Organization and Supervisor Supports. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:559. [PMID: 38470670 PMCID: PMC10930779 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES This study aimed to examine the discriminatory impacts of two major impairment factors-job presenteeism and attention presenteeism (JP and AP)-in presenteeism on burnout and to verify the multiple mediating effects of organizational and supervisory support in their causal relationship to provide theoretical and practical implications for alleviating burnout among rehabilitation medical workers (RMWs). METHODS Participants were convenience sampled from 23 hospitals and rehabilitation medical institutions in Korea, and 494 datasets were analyzed using the R packages R-studio, Jamovi, and JASP. RESULTS The significant effects of JP and AP on burnout were investigated; AP (0.609) had a much higher effect than JP (0.170) on burnout among RMWs. Moreover, the multiple mediating effects of organizational support and supervisory support were verified in the JP-AP relationship and burnout among RMWs. Additionally, the absolute effect on burnout was more from AP than JP, and organizational support had a far more significant effect than supervisory support in the process of affecting burnout. CONCLUSIONS The present study contributes to the literature on burnout by examining the relationships between presenteeism and burnout and by extending the current understanding of burnout and presenteeism to RMWs. And it is practically important to understand that the effect of AP was greater than that of JP between the two key sub-factors of presenteeism affecting burnout among RMWs, and Korean RMWs are more affected by support from the organization system than by personal support from their boss. Related theoretical and practical implications are further elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Ryong Ma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- Saeam Welfare Foundation, Goksung 57506, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Yoon Chun
- Department of Accounting & Tax, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea;
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Lee N, Kim HR. Nursing Students' Perceptions of Factors Influencing Nursing Intentions toward COVID-19 Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:285. [PMID: 38338170 PMCID: PMC10855262 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic to which nursing students are particularly susceptible. This study aims to comprehensively examine nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, risk perceptions, preventive behaviors related to COVID-19, and nursing intentions toward patients with the virus. A questionnaire was administered to 149 nursing students from two universities. Data on the respondents' general characteristics, knowledge levels, attitudes, perceived risk, preventive behaviors toward COVID-19, and nursing intentions toward COVID-19 patients were collected. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (version 26.0). This involved descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analyses. The analyses of the factors affecting nursing students' nursing intentions for COVID-19 patients showed that the most predictive factor was perceived risk (β = -0.38, p < 0.001), followed by attitudes (β = 0.29, p < 0.001) and preventive behaviors (β = 0.17, p = 0.017), which explained 26% of the variance in nursing intentions. Lowering the perceived risk of infectious diseases and cultivating positive attitudes and preventive behaviors can increase nursing students' intentions toward COVID-19 patients. Finally, infection management education programs and research on interventions for nursing students are necessary to enhance the quality of nursing care provided to patients with novel infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Lee
- Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae Ran Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Kim ME, Lee JS. The Potential of Korean Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods for Immune Enhancement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1334. [PMID: 38279334 PMCID: PMC10816026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore the immunomodulatory properties of Korean foods, focusing on ginseng and fermented foods. One notable example is Korean red ginseng, known for its immune system-regulating effects attributed to the active ingredient, ginsenoside. Ginsenoside stimulates immune cells, enhancing immune function and suppressing inflammatory responses. With a long history, Korean red ginseng has demonstrated therapeutic effects against various diseases. Additionally, Korean fermented foods like kimchi, doenjang, chongkukjang, gochujang, vinegar, and jangajji provide diverse nutrients and bioactive substances, contributing to immune system enhancement. Moreover, traditional Korean natural herbs such as Cirsium setidens Nakai, Gomchwi, Beak-Jak-Yak, etc. possess immune-boosting properties and are used in various Korean foods. By incorporating these foods into one's diet, one can strengthen their immune system, positively impacting their overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Immunology Research Lab & BK21-Four Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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Lee Y, Baek W, Cho J, Oh J. An Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma of the Retropharynx in a Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Papillary Thyroid Cancer-A Rare Case. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:110. [PMID: 38201419 PMCID: PMC10802888 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The frequency of concurrent thyroid cancer in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) varies. While the pathological association between thyroid and parathyroid disorders is frequently noted, the co-occurrence of parathyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid cancer is exceptionally rare. Furthermore, an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the retropharyngeal space is exceedingly rare. Therefore, anatomical variations through the utilization of relevant diagnostic tools play a crucial role in guiding decisions pertaining to clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, surgical interventions, and operative strategies for parathyroid tumors. We present a case of a 51-year-old female patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma in the right thyroid lobe and an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the retropharyngeal space confirmed through surgical intervention. The elevated preoperative levels of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone, along with low serum phosphate, returned to normal ranges after surgery. This case sheds light on the unusual occurrence of an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the retropharyngeal region within a thyroid cancer patient, providing valuable insights into the realm of thyroid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeonghyun Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
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Kim ME, Lee JS. Molecular Foundations of Inflammatory Diseases: Insights into Inflammation and Inflammasomes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:469-484. [PMID: 38248332 PMCID: PMC10813887 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are a global health problem affecting millions of people with a wide range of conditions. These diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), gout, and diabetes, impose a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. A complicated interaction between genetic variables, environmental stimuli, and dysregulated immune responses shows the complex biological foundation of various diseases. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases, including the function of inflammasomes and inflammation. We investigate the impact of environmental and genetic factors on the progression of inflammatory diseases, explore the connection between inflammation and inflammasome activation, and examine the incidence of various inflammatory diseases in relation to inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Immunology Research Lab & BK21-Four Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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9
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Choi YC, Seo JH, Kim P. Clinical efficacy of nucleoplasty for uncontained lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:12. [PMID: 38166911 PMCID: PMC10759451 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are insufficient in-depth studies on whether percutaneous lumbar nucleoplasty (PLN) is effective and safe for the treatment of uncontained lumbar disc herniation (ULDH). This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of PLN on radiating leg pain caused by ULDH. METHODS Patients who underwent PLN for ULDH and met the inclusion criteria between June 2018 and July 2022 were included. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the numeric rating scale (NRS) for radiating pain preoperatively; at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively; and at the last follow-up. Patient satisfaction was assessed using MacNab criteria. RESULTS Forty-one patients were enrolled. The mean age was 50.2 years (range 24-73 years). The mean and standard deviation of the preoperative NRS in 39 patients with radiating pain was 9.0 ± 1.2. The NRS scores at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively and at the last follow-up were 4.6 ± 3.2, 3.6 ± 3.3, 2.9 ± 3.2, and 1.4 ± 2.0, respectively, showing significant improvement (all, p < 0.001). The number of patients (percentage) with excellent or good satisfaction according to the MacNab criteria was 29 (70.7%). Major complications were not observed. Three patients underwent additional surgery after PLN because of persistent radiating pain. CONCLUSIONS PLN is a safe and feasible treatment option for ULDH. Treatment outcomes were favorable on average; however, the lack of consistency was a drawback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheol Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Pius Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
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Seo EH, Lee JH, MacDougall A, Liu N, Hofkirchner A, Sharma S, Elfakhani M, Yoon HJ. Anxiety Symptoms and Associated Psychological and Job-Related Factors Among Hospital Nurses. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:100-108. [PMID: 38200634 PMCID: PMC10822733 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, burnout and mental health issues regarding nurses are reported increasingly. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among hospital nurses and determine their association with psychological and job-related factors. METHODS Data on demographics, job-related characteristics, burnout, Type A behavior patterns, self-esteem, and happiness were collected from 515 nurses working at a university hospital in Korea. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, with scores of 8 or higher indicating the presence of anxiety symptoms. Demographic, job-related, and psychological factors were compared according to the presence of anxiety. Logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Two hundred and four (39.6%) participants had anxiety symptoms. Self-esteem and happiness were associated with a lower risk of anxiety symptoms, whereas burnout was associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, being female, having a career of less than five years, and requiring counseling due to stress were associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms. Being younger, female, or a basic nurse; having a career of less than five years; partaking in shift work; experiencing job dissatisfaction; requiring counseling due to stress; being exposed to higher levels of burnout; and having lower levels of self-esteem and happiness were all found to be significantly correlated with anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that promoting self-esteem and happiness while reducing burnout may be beneficial in preventing and managing anxiety symptoms among hospital nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyun Seo
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Arlene MacDougall
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Liu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Hofkirchner
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Simran Sharma
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamad Elfakhani
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hyung-Jun Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Reza N, Jung HY. Enhancing Ensemble Learning Using Explainable CNN for Spoof Fingerprints. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 24:187. [PMID: 38203049 PMCID: PMC10781289 DOI: 10.3390/s24010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success with great accuracy in classification problems. However, the lack of interpretability of the predictions made by neural networks has raised concerns about the reliability and robustness of CNN-based systems that use a limited amount of training data. In such cases, the utilization of ensemble learning using multiple CNNs has demonstrated the capability to improve the robustness of a network, but the robustness can often have a trade-off with accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel training method that utilizes a Class Activation Map (CAM) to identify the fingerprint regions that influenced previously trained networks to attain their predictions. The identified regions are concealed during the training of networks with the same architectures, thus enabling the new networks to achieve the same objective from different regions. The resultant networks are then ensembled to ensure that the majority of the fingerprint features are taken into account during classification, resulting in significant enhancement of classification accuracy and robustness across multiple sensors in a consistent and reliable manner. The proposed method is evaluated on LivDet datasets and is able to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ho Yub Jung
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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12
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Yang SW, Ma SR, Choi JB. Effect of 3-Dimensional Robotic Therapy Combined with Electromyography-Triggered Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Upper Limb Function and Cerebral Cortex Activation in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 38247889 PMCID: PMC10813281 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated the effect of 3-dimensional robotic therapy (RT) combined with electromyography-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation (RT-ENMES) on stroke patients' upper-limb function and cerebral cortex activation. (2) Methods: Sixty-one stroke patients were assigned randomly to one of three groups. The stroke patients were in the subacute stage between 2 and 6 months after onset. The three groups received 20 min of RT and 20 min of electromyography-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation (ENMES) in the RT-ENMES group (n = 21), 40 min of RT in the RT group (n = 20), and 40 min of ENMES in the ENMES group (n = 20). The treatments were for 40 min, 5 days per week, and for 8 weeks. Upper-extremity function was evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE), Wolf motor function test, and action research arm test (ARAT); cerebral cortex activation and motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude were evaluated before and after the study. (3) Results: The analysis showed significant changes in all evaluation items for all three groups in the before-and-after comparisons. Significant changes were observed in the FMA-UE, ARAT, and MEP; in the posttest, the RT-ENMES group showed more significant changes in the FMA-UE, ARAT, and MEP than the other two groups. (4) Conclusions: The study analysis suggests that RT-ENMES effectively improves upper-limb function and cerebral cortex activation in patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Won Yang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Ryong Ma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Bae Choi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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So KY, Park J, Kim SH. Safety and efficacy of remimazolam for general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1265860. [PMID: 38020112 PMCID: PMC10652398 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1265860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is insufficient evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of remimazolam in elderly patients. Therefore, this study evaluated the differences in the anesthesia characteristics and perioperative hemodynamic profiles of elderly patients receiving total intravenous anesthesia with remimazolam or propofol. Methods Eighty-four patients aged >65 years with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I-III were randomly assigned to Group R (receiving remimazolam, n = 42) or Group P (receiving propofol, n = 42). In Group R, remimazolam was initiated at a rate of 6 mg/kg/h until loss of consciousness (LOC) was achieved and maintained at 1 mg/kg/h subsequently. In Group P, 1.0-1.5 mg/kg of propofol was injected for 1 min and maintained at 100 μg/kg/min subsequently. The maintenance infusion rate was adjusted to maintain an appropriate depth of anesthesia until the end of the surgery. The primary outcome was the time to LOC. The depth of anesthesia scores and hemodynamic profiles were recorded perioperatively. Results The time to LOC was significantly longer in Group R (120 s) than in Group P (60 s) (p < 0.001). The time to eye-opening (Group R, 10 min; Group P, 10 min; p = 0.056), the incidence of maintenance of hemodynamic changes within 20% of the peri-anesthetic values, and treatments for hemodynamic instability did not differ significantly between the groups. The depth of anesthesia scores did not differ significantly between the groups; however, the scores were higher in Group R than those in Group P before endotracheal intubation. The hemodynamic parameters did not differ significantly at any time point. The time to extubation was longer in Group R (12 min) than that in Group P (10 min) (p = 0.007). Similarly, the time to discharge from the operating room was significantly longer in Group R (15 min) compared to Group P (12 min) (p = 0.018). Conclusion Remimazolam does not exhibit a comparable effect to propofol in terms of anesthesia induction and recovery. However, it demonstrates a similar effect to propofol regarding intraoperative anesthesia depth and hemodynamic profile in elderly patients undergoing remifentanil-based total intravenous anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Young So
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kim SJ, Lee JH, Jang JW, Lee SH, Suh IB, Jhoo JH. Effect of Personalized Blue-Enriched White Light Intervention on Rest-Activity and Light Exposure Rhythms in Mild and Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:1007-1017. [PMID: 37997328 PMCID: PMC10678145 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the effectiveness of personalized light intervention using a blue-enriched light-emitting-diodes device on rest-activity rhythm (RAR) and light exposure rhythm (LER) in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS AD patients with poor sleep quality and/or insomnia symptoms were assigned into either an experimental group (EG) or control group (CG) in a single-blind design. Personalized light intervention was given at 9-10 h after individual dim light melatonin onset, lasting for 1 h every day for two weeks in the EG (77.36±5.79 years, n=14) and CG (78.10±7.98 years, n=10). Each patient of CG wore blue-attenuating sunglasses during the intervention. Actigraphy recording at home for 5 days was done at baseline (T0), immediate postintervention (T1), and at four weeks after intervention (T2). The variables of RAR and LER were derived using nonparametric analysis. RESULTS We found a significant time effect on the intradaily variability (IV) of RAR at T2 with respect to T0 (p=0.039), indicating reduced IV of RAR at four weeks after personalized light intervention regardless of blue-enriched light intervention. There was a time effect on the IV of LER at T1 with respect to T0 (p=0.052), indicating a reduced tendency in the IV of LER immediately after intervention. CONCLUSION Our personalized light intervention, regardless of blue-enriched light source, could be useful in alleviating fragmentation of RAR and LER in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hie Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gwanggyo Good Sleep Clinic, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Silverheals Hospital, Namyangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In Bum Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Jhoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Seo EH, Kim SG, Lee JH, Dickey CC, Kim MY, Ghumman RK, Yoon HJ. Psychosocial Factors Influencing Quality of Life Among Medical Students. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:1077-1085. [PMID: 37997336 PMCID: PMC10678151 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the influence of psychosocial factors on medical students' quality of life (QOL). METHODS A total of 408 medical students participated in this study. We collected data on participants' sociodemographic details, symptoms of depression and Internet addiction, self-esteem, social support, and QOL. QOL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Abbreviated form, which has four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment). A stepwise multiple linear regression model was constructed to identify factors' independent impact on QOL. RESULTS Higher levels of depression and Internet addiction were associated with lower scores in all domains of QOL, whereas higher levels of self-esteem and social support were associated with higher scores. Being in third-year versus first-year was associated with higher scores in the physical health and environment domains. Living alone or in dormitories, low or middle socioeconomic status, and insufficient or moderate pocket money were associated with lower scores in the environment domain. Additionally, female students displayed significantly lower scores for physical health, psychological health, and environment than male students, but not for social relationships. There were significant differences in certain domains of QOL due to sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the psychosocial factors influencing medical students' QOL. Educational strategies focusing on strengthening self-esteem and social support as well as preventing depression and Internet addiction may contribute to improving medical students' QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyun Seo
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Chandlee C. Dickey
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mella Y. Kim
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ravneet Kaur Ghumman
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hyung-Jun Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Choi SW, Im JJ, Yoon SE, Kim SH, Cho JH, Jeong SJ, Park KA, Moon YS. Lower socioeconomic status associated with higher tuberculosis rate in South Korea. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:418. [PMID: 37907868 PMCID: PMC10619321 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is an infectious disease influenced by social factors rather than a simple infectious disease. In this study, we investigated the relationship between tuberculosis rates and socioeconomic status. METHODS This study was conducted using data of the 49,483 participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI-VIII (2013-2021). The relationships between tuberculosis rates and the quartiles of monthly household income and education level were examined using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The KNHANES data revealed that the prevalence of tuberculosis as substantially related to monthly household income (odds ratio [OR], 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-32.0 for lowest vs. highest incomes) and education level (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.2-12.0 for 10-12 years vs. ≥13 years; OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.2-14.8 for ≤ 6 years vs. ≥13 years). Furthermore, current tuberculosis treatment was significantly related to monthly household income and education level. CONCLUSION There were substantial correlations between tuberculosis rates and socioeconomic status in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ja Im
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Yoon
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hee Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwi Cho
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Jeong
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ae Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sung Moon
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
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17
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Yoon EJ, Kim JW, Hong JH, Song SG, Kim HC, Hur YH, Kim HJ. Thermal Injury to the Subhepatic Appendix Following Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3322. [PMID: 37958216 PMCID: PMC10647334 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first documented case of a fistula between the treated zone and the appendix after RFA in a patient with HCC. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI revealed a subcapsular hepatic nodule with image findings of HCC located adjacent to the ascending colon and cecum. An ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy was subsequently performed to distinguish between hepatic metastasis and HCC. Post-RFA imaging identified a low-attenuating ablated area adjacent to an air-filled appendix. The patient later experienced complications, including increased liver enzymes and an abscess at the ablation site. Imaging revealed a fistulous tract between the RFA zone and the appendix. Over the following months, the patient underwent conservative treatment involving intravenous antibiotics and repeated percutaneous drainage, exhibiting eventual symptom relief and an absence of the fistulous tract upon subsequent imaging. This case highlights the rare complications that can arise during RFA due to peculiar anatomical variations, such as a subhepatic appendix, resulting from midgut malrotation and previous surgery. It is imperative for operators to be cognizant of potential anatomical variations when considering RFA treatment, ensuring comprehensive pre-procedural imaging and post-procedure monitoring. This case also emphasizes the potential viability of nonoperative management in complex scenarios in which surgical interventions pose significant risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea (S.G.S.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea (S.G.S.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Jun Hyung Hong
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea (S.G.S.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Sang Gook Song
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea (S.G.S.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea (S.G.S.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Young Hoe Hur
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Kim ME, Lee JS. Immune Diseases Associated with Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15584. [PMID: 37958564 PMCID: PMC10647753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in immune function, thereby causing an increased susceptibility to various diseases. Herein, we review immune diseases associated with aging, focusing on tumors, atherosclerosis, and immunodeficiency disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions are discussed, highlighting telomere shortening, tissue inflammation, and altered signaling pathways, e.g., the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as key contributors to immune dysfunction. The role of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in driving chronic tissue inflammation and disruption has been examined. Our review underscores the significance of targeting tissue inflammation and immunomodulation for treating immune disorders. In addition, anti-inflammatory medications, including corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and novel approaches, e.g., probiotics and polyphenols, are discussed. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and adoptive T-cell therapy, has been explored for its potential to enhance immune responses in older populations. A comprehensive analysis of immune disorders associated with aging and underlying molecular mechanisms provides insights into potential treatment strategies to alleviate the burden of these conditions in the aging population. The interplay among immune dysfunction, chronic tissue inflammation, and innovative therapeutic approaches highlights the importance of elucidating these complex processes to develop effective interventions to improve the quality of life in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Immunology Research Lab & BK21-Four Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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Sun KH, Lee MY, Jeon YJ. Inhibition of Phagocytosis by Silibinin in Mouse Macrophages. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8126-8137. [PMID: 37886956 PMCID: PMC10605117 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of silibinin, derived from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced morphological changes in mouse macrophages. Silibinin was treated at various doses and time points to assess its effects on macrophage activation, including morphological changes and phagocytosis. Silibinin effectively inhibited LPS-induced pseudopodia formation and size increase, while unstimulated cells remained round. Silibinin's impact on phagocytosis was dose- and time-dependent, showing a decrease. We explored its mechanism of action on kinases using a MAPK array. Among the three MAPK family members tested, silibinin had a limited effect on JNK and p38 but significantly inhibited ERK1/2 and related RSK1/2. Silibinin also inhibited MKK6, AKT3, MSK2, p70S6K, and GSK-3β. These findings highlight silibinin's potent inhibitory effects on phagocytosis and morphological changes in macrophages. We suggest its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent due to its ability to target key inflammatory pathways involving ERK1/2 and related kinases. Overall, this study demonstrates the promising therapeutic properties of silibinin in modulating macrophage function and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hoon Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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Ko S, Kim T, Moon S, Park K, Lee J, Chai Y, Hwang S, Han MA. Health behaviors according to the ability to understand health information in Korean adults. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad138. [PMID: 37864801 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the relationship between the level of understanding of health information and health behaviors among Korean adults. In total, 228 984 adults who participated in the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey were included. Participants were divided into three groups according to age (19-44, 45-64 and 65+). The ability to understand verbal and written health information was included, and its association with health behaviors, including smoking, alcohol consumption and preventive health service uptake, was assessed. Associations between the ability to understand health information and health behaviors were analyzed using chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analyses. Approximately 22.7% and 20% of the participants responded that verbal and written health information were easy to understand, respectively, with significant differences by age group. Compared to those with easy-to-understand verbal health information, those with difficulty in understanding had a higher risk of current cigarette smoking and monthly drinking and were less likely to engage in more than moderate physical activity, walking, influenza vaccination in 1 year, cancer examination in 2 years and medical examination in 2 years. Difficulty in understanding or no interest in written health information was also associated with unhealthy behaviors. A strong ability to understand health information is related to positive health behaviors. However, there are differences in the associations by age group, which should be considered when establishing a health literacy improvement strategy. These findings could promote health literacy and ultimately contribute to helping individuals make better choices for positive health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Philmum-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Philmum-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Moon
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Philmum-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaeun Park
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Philmum-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Philmum-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoseok Chai
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Philmum-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Hwang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Philmum-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ah Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Philmum-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Chatterjee S, Kim CM, Kim DM, Seo JW, Kim DY, Yun NR, Jung SI, Kim UJ, Kim SE, Kim HA, Kim ES, Hur J, Kim YK, Jeong HW, Heo JY, Jung DS, Lee H, Park SH, Kwak YG, Lee S, Chatterjee RP. Coinfection With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Scrub Typhus in Korea. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad377. [PMID: 37854108 PMCID: PMC10580145 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scrub typhus and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) are the 2 most common tick-borne infectious diseases in Korea. Every year, an increasing number of cases are reported, which is a public health concern. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of SFTS-scrub typhus coinfection in patients with SFTS. Methods Clinical samples were collected from 129 patients with SFTS. One-step reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify the SFTS virus (SFTSV), and real-time PCR followed by nested PCR was performed to detect the Orientia tsutsugamushi gene for scrub typhus. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to confirm the evolutionary relationships among different species. Results Among 129 SFTS cases, 2 patients with SFTSV were positive for O. tsutsugamushi with a prevalence of coinfection of 1.6% (95% confidence interval, .001-.06). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed these as O. tsutsugamushi strain Boryong. Conclusions Our study found that 1.6% of patients were coinfected with SFTS and scrub typhus infection. We believe that this information will add a new dimension to clinical diagnosis, which should be considered for better public health management. Further research is needed to better understand the ecological transmission dynamics and geographical distribution of SFTSV and O. tsutsugamushi in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Me Kim
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook In Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Uh Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun ah Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungdon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Gyung Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Lee JY, Lee HJ, Yang SH, Ryu JH, Kim HT, Lee BH, Kim SH, Kim HS, Lee YK. Treatment of Soft Tissue Defects after Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis in Fractures of the Distal Tibia: Clinical Results after Reverse Sural Artery Flap. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1751. [PMID: 37893469 PMCID: PMC10608781 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Distal tibial fractures make up approximately 3% to 10% of all tibial fractures or about 1% of lower extremity fractures. MIPO is an appropriate procedure and method to achieve stable metal plate fixation and osseointegration by minimizing soft tissue damage and vascular integrity at the fracture site. MIPO to the medial tibia during distal tibial fractures induces skin irritation due to the thickness of the metal plate, which causes discomfort and pain on the medial side of the distal leg, and if severe, complications such as infection and skin defect may occur. The reverse sural flap is a well-researched approach for covering defects in the lower third of the leg, ankle, and foot. Materials and Methods: Among 151 patients with distal tibia fractures who underwent minimally invasive metal plate fixation, soft tissue was injured due to postoperative complications. We treated 13 cases with necrosis and exposed metal plates by retrograde nasogastric artery flap surgery. For these patients, we collected obligatory patient records, radiological data, and wound photographs of the treatment results and complications of reconstructive surgery. Results: In all the cases, flap survival was confirmed at the final outpatient follow-up. The exposed area of the metal plate was well coated, and there was no plate failure due to complete necrosis. Three out of four women complained of aesthetic dissatisfaction because the volume of the tunnel through which the skin mirror passed and the skin plate itself were thick. In two cases, defatting was performed to reduce the thickness of the plate while removing the metal plate. Conclusions: Metal plate exposure after distal tibial fractures have been treated with minimally invasive metal plate fusion and can be successfully treated with retrograde nasogastric artery flaps, and several surgical techniques are used during flap surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 365 Pilmundae-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (H.J.L.); (S.H.Y.); (J.H.R.); (H.T.K.)
| | - Hyo Jun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 365 Pilmundae-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (H.J.L.); (S.H.Y.); (J.H.R.); (H.T.K.)
| | - Sung Hoon Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 365 Pilmundae-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (H.J.L.); (S.H.Y.); (J.H.R.); (H.T.K.)
| | - Je Hong Ryu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 365 Pilmundae-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (H.J.L.); (S.H.Y.); (J.H.R.); (H.T.K.)
| | - Hyoung Tae Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 365 Pilmundae-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.); (H.J.L.); (S.H.Y.); (J.H.R.); (H.T.K.)
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Daejung Hospital, 180 Daein-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61473, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14584, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Ho Sung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14584, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Young Koo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14584, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.S.K.)
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Kim B, Kim CL, Sohn Y. A Study on the Interfacial Reactions between Gallium and Cu/Ni/Au(Pd) Multilayer Metallization. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6186. [PMID: 37763462 PMCID: PMC10532968 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This research introduces low-temperature soldering of Ga with practical metallization structures, namely, Cu/Ni/Pd and Cu/Ni/Au, applied to contemporary microelectronic packages. Through these multilayer configurations, the study investigates the stability of the Ni diffusion barrier by examining changes in the interfacial microstructure as Ni is consumed. The interfacial reactions are conducted across a temperature spectrum of 160, 200, 240, and 280 °C, with reaction durations ranging from 30 to 270 min. Valuable insights for low-temperature soldering with Ga are extracted from the data. At lower reaction temperatures, the presence of Ga-rich intermetallic compounds (IMCs), specifically GaxNi (x = 89 to 95 at%), on the Ga7Ni3 layer is notably confirmed. As the reaction temperature and duration increase, the gradual consumption of the Ni layer occurs. This gives rise to the formation of Ga-Cu IMCs, specifically CuGa2 and γ3-Cu9Ga4, beneath the Ga-Ni IMC layer. Concurrently, the gap between the Ga-Ni and Ga-Cu IMC layers widens, allowing molten Ga to infiltrate. The rate of Ga7Ni3 growth follows a time exponent ranging approximately from 1.1 to 1.7. This highlights the significant influence of interface reaction-controlled kinetics on Ga7Ni3 IMC growth. The activation energy for Ga7Ni3 growth is determined to be 61.5 kJ/mol. The growth of Ga7Ni3 is believed to be primarily driven by the diffusion of Ga atoms along grain boundaries, with the porous microstructure inherent in the Ga7Ni3 layer providing additional diffusion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungwoo Kim
- Department of Welding and Joining Science Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Solder R&D Team, MK Electron Co., Ltd., Yongin 449-812, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Lae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonchul Sohn
- Department of Welding and Joining Science Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Lee YS, Kim NH. Homogeneity- and Stoichiometry-Induced Electrical and Optical Properties of Cu-Se Thin Films by RF Sputtering Power. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6087. [PMID: 37763365 PMCID: PMC10533086 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
P-type Cu-Se thin films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature using radio frequency magnetron sputtering by a single multi-component CuSe2 target. When using a multi-component target, the impact of the sputtering power on the homogeneity and stoichiometry within the thin films should be investigated in the depth direction to demonstrate a secondary effect on the electrical and optical properties of the thin films. Systematic characterization of the Cu-Se thin films, including the morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, and depth-directional chemical bonding state and defect structure of the thin films, revealed that the sputtering power played an important role in the homogeneity and stoichiometry of the thin films. At very low and very high sputtering power levels, the Cu-Se thin films exhibited more deviations from stoichiometry, while an optimized sputtering power resulted in more homogenous thin films with improved stoichiometry across the entire thin film thickness in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profile, despite showing Se deficiency at all depths. A rapid decrease in carrier concentration, indicating a reduction in the net effect of total defects, was obtained at the optimized sputtering power with less deviation from stoichiometry in the Cu-Se thin films and the closest stoichiometric ratio at an intermediate depth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nam-Hoon Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (Y.-S.L.)
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Jin Y, Jeong S, Kim D. Prediction of Dynamic Behavior of Large-Scale Ground Using 1 g Shaking Table Test and Numerical Analysis. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6093. [PMID: 37763371 PMCID: PMC10532498 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Earthquake disasters can threaten human life and cause property damage. The dynamic analysis of the ground performance of the seismic field is essential. In this study, numerical analysis is used to predict the dynamic behavior and response analysis of large-scale models under different seismic waves. Firstly, the accuracy of numerical analysis is verified by a 1 g shaking table test under the same size. Then, according to the similarity law, numerical analysis is used to obtain the dynamic behavior of the model at different scales. The results show that the 1 g shaking table test results are in good agreement with the numerical analysis results and that the numerical analysis can predict the dynamic behavior of the scale model. The 1 g shaking table test provides a valuable method for evaluating the numerical analysis, which captures the complex behavior and resolves uncertainties, ultimately leading to more robust and reliable analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daehyeon Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (S.J.)
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Koh YK, Kang HG, Cho YK. Effects of Dextrose Supplementation on Chloral Hydrate Sedation: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Prospective Study. Chonnam Med J 2023; 59:174-179. [PMID: 37840674 PMCID: PMC10570855 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2023.59.3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedation plays a crucial role in successful pediatric imaging, and chloral hydrate is commonly used for this purpose. However, the challenges associated with chloral hydrate administration, such as its unpleasant taste and potential induction of vomiting, remain a concern. Sweet oral solutions have emerged as potential solutions for reducing distress and providing analgesia. This study compared the efficacy of dextrose combined with chloral hydrate with that of conventional sedation methods. This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical study enrolled 160 pediatric outpatients scheduled for echocardiography. Chloral hydrate syrup (100 mg/mL) was supplemented with a dextrose solution (dextrose group) or distilled water (control group) in a 1:10 volume ratio. The sedation achievement time, Skeie scale score, revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) score, and side effects (nausea, vomiting, hypoxia, and respiratory depression) were assessed. No significant difference in average time to achieve sedation was observed between the dextrose and control groups (24.4±17.8 vs. 24.7±17.1 min, p=0.92). Both groups demonstrated similar levels of sedation according to the Skeie scale and mean revised FLACC score. Although the occurrence rates of nausea and vomiting had no significant differences, the dextrose group had no cases of vomiting in children aged >24 months compared to the control group, which had three cases (30%). In conclusion, the addition of dextrose to chloral hydrate did not significantly affect sedation time, anxiety, pain reduction, or occurrence of gastrointestinal complications during sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwon Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University Hospital, College of Medicine Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Han Gil Kang
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Kuk Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University Hospital, College of Medicine Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Kim CH, Kim P, Ju CI, Kim SW. Open Surgery for Osteoporotic Compression Fracture Within One Month of Single Level Balloon Kyphoplasty. Korean J Neurotrauma 2023; 19:348-355. [PMID: 37840616 PMCID: PMC10567528 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2023.19.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyze the reasons for open surgery performed within one month of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) for osteoporotic compression fractures. Methods This study included 15 patients treated with open surgery within one month of BKP in our institution from 2013 to 2020. Among them, 10 patients underwent BKP in our institution and 5 patients were transferred because of adverse events after undergoing BKP at another hospital. Clinical findings including main indications, neurological deficits, and clinical course were analyzed. Results All patients were followed up for at least 12 months after surgery (average time 15.5 months, range 12-39 months). Their mean age was 73.7 years and the mean T-score of the spine on bone densitometry was -3.35. The main reasons for open surgery included dislodgement of the cement mass or spinal instability (7 cases, 47%), neural injury due to cement leakage (3 cases, 20%), and spinal cord injury caused by a puncture mistake (3 cases, 20%). Two patients developed acute spinal subdural hematoma, and spinal epidural fluid was pushed out at the back edge of the vertebral body following BKP without signs of major cement leakage into the spinal canal. At the final follow-up, 7 patients with cement mass dislodgement showed complete improvement of related symptoms after posterior fusion with screw fixation. Among the 8 patients with neural injury, 6 improved; however, 2 remained at the same American Spinal Injury Association level. Conclusion The main reasons for open surgery were cement mass dislodgement and neural injury caused by puncture errors or cement leakage into the spinal canal. It should be noted that proper selection of cases, detailed imaging evaluation, and optimal surgical techniques are key to reducing open surgery after BKP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Pius Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Il Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Seo JH, Ju CI, Kim SW, Lee SM, Kim P. Risk Factors of Restenosis After Full Endoscopic Foraminotomy for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis: Case-Control Study. Neurospine 2023; 20:899-907. [PMID: 37798985 PMCID: PMC10562241 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2346508.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors associated with postoperative restenosis after full endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (FELF) in patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS). METHODS A single-center, retrospective case-control study was conducted on patients diagnosed with foraminal stenosis who underwent FELF between August 2019 and April 2022. The study included 56 patients, comprising 18 cases and 38 controls. Clinical data, radiologic assessments, and surgical types were compared between the groups. The cutoff values of radiologic parameters that differentiate the 2 groups were investigated. RESULTS No significant difference in age, sex distribution, or presence of adjacent segment disease or grade I spondylolisthesis was observed between the groups. Cases had a higher degree of disc wedging angle (DWA) (3.0° ± 1.1° vs. 0.5° ± 1.4°, p < 0.001), larger coronal Cobb angle (CCA) (8.8° ± 5.1° vs. 4.7° ± 2.5°, p = 0.004), and smaller segmental lumbar lordosis (SLL) than controls (11.0 ± 7.4 vs. 18.0 ± 5.4, p = 0.001). Optimal cutoff values for DWA, CCA, and SLL were estimated as 1.8°, 7.9°, and 17.1°, respectively. A significant difference in surgical types was observed between cases and controls (p = 0.004), with the case group having a higher distribution of patients undergoing discectomy in addition to TELF. CONCLUSION The study identified potential risk factors for restenosis after FELF in patients with LFS, including higher DWA, larger CCA, smaller SLL angle. We believe that discectomy should be perform with caution during FELF, as it can lead to subsequent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hun Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Il Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Myung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Pius Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Kang YJ. Biomechanical Investigation of Red Cell Sedimentation Using Blood Shear Stress and Blood Flow Image in a Capillary Chip. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1594. [PMID: 37630130 PMCID: PMC10456426 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Blood image intensity has been used to detect erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). However, it does not give information on the biophysical properties of blood samples under continuous ESR. In this study, to quantify mechanical variations of blood under continuous ESR, blood shear stress and blood image intensity were obtained by analyzing blood flows in the capillary channel. A blood sample is loaded into a driving syringe to demonstrate the proposed method. The blood flow rate is set in a periodic on-off pattern. A blood sample is then supplied into a capillary chip, and microscopic blood images are captured at specific intervals. Blood shear stress is quantified from the interface of the bloodstream in the coflowing channel. τ0 is defined as the maximum shear stress obtained at the first period. Simultaneously, ESRτ is then obtained by analyzing temporal variations of blood shear stress for every on period. AII is evaluated by analyzing the temporal variation of blood image intensity for every off period. According to the experimental results, a shorter period of T = 4 min and no air cavity contributes to the high sensitivity of the two indices (ESRτ and AII). The τ0 exhibits substantial differences with respect to hematocrits (i.e., 30-50%) as well as diluents. The ESRτ and AII showed a reciprocal relationship with each other. Three suggested properties represented substantial differences for suspended blood samples (i.e., hardened red blood cells, different concentrations of dextran solution, and fibrinogen). In conclusion, the present method can detect variations in blood samples under continuous ESR effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jun Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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30
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Noh JH, Kim JH, Yang HD. Classification of Alzheimer's Progression Using fMRI Data. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6330. [PMID: 37514624 PMCID: PMC10383967 DOI: 10.3390/s23146330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last three decades, the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has significantly contributed to the understanding of the brain, functional brain mapping, and resting-state brain networks. Given the recent successes of deep learning in various fields, we propose a 3D-CNN-LSTM classification model to diagnose health conditions with the following classes: condition normal (CN), early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The proposed method employs spatial and temporal feature extractors, wherein the former utilizes a U-Net architecture to extract spatial features, and the latter utilizes long short-term memory (LSTM) to extract temporal features. Prior to feature extraction, we performed four-step pre-processing to remove noise from the fMRI data. In the comparative experiments, we trained each of the three models by adjusting the time dimension. The network exhibited an average accuracy of 96.4% when using five-fold cross-validation. These results show that the proposed method has high potential for identifying the progression of Alzheimer's by analyzing 4D fMRI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyeon Noh
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Chosun, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Chosun, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Deok Yang
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Chosun, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Abderrahmane A, Senouci K, Hachemi B, Ko PJ. 2D Gallium Sulfide-Based 1D Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Glucose Concentration Detection. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4621. [PMID: 37444934 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Unidimensional photonic crystal-based biosensors have gained much attention in the area of blood glucose measurement. In this paper, we propose two novel designs based on two-dimensional (2D) Van der Waals materials. The first 1D photonic crystal design consists of multilayers of 2D gallium sulfide and 2D muscovite mica [GaS/Mica]ND[GaS/Mica]N, and the second design consists of multilayers of 2D gallium sulfide [GaS/G]ND[GaS/G]N. We conducted a numerical analysis using the transfer matrix method to investigate the properties of photonic crystals, both with and without defect layers, in order to assess their suitability for biosensing applications. The biosensors' performances were investigated as a function of glucose concentration, revealing a high sensitivity of 832 nm/RIU, a notable figure-of-merit of 1.46 × 105 RIU-1, a Q-factor exceeding 105, and a minimum limit of detection of 3.4 × 10-7 RIU. Finally, we modified the [GaS/G]ND[GaS/G]Nstructure in order to enhance the sensitivity nearly 5-fold. The proposed biosensors offer the advantage of being label-free, making them promising platforms for the sensitive and reliable detection of blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Abderrahmane
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chosun University, 375, Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
- Laboratoire de Structure, Elaboration et Application des Matériaux Moléculaires (SEA2M), Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem, B.P. 227, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria
| | - Khaled Senouci
- Laboratoire de Structure, Elaboration et Application des Matériaux Moléculaires (SEA2M), Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem, B.P. 227, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria
| | - Belkacem Hachemi
- Division Architecture et Système Multimédia, Centre de Développement des Technologies Avancées, Alger 16000, Algeria
| | - Pil Ju Ko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chosun University, 375, Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Noh J, Bae S, Yoon YJ, Kim P. Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Mechanical Plucking Mechanism. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:5978. [PMID: 37447826 DOI: 10.3390/s23135978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose an analytical approach based on the modified differential transform method to investigate the dynamic behavior of a plucking energy harvester. The harvester consists of a piezoelectric cantilever oscillator and a rotating plectrum. The analytical approach provides a closed-form solution that helps determine the starting and ending points of the contact phase between the piezoelectric cantilever and the plectrum. This analytical approach is valuable for simulating complex dynamic interferences in multiple or periodic plucking processes. To evaluate the effects of plucking speed and overlap length of the plectrum on single and periodic plucking, a series of simulations were carried out. The output voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvester increases as the overlap length of the plectrum increases. On the other hand, increasing the plucking speed tends to amplify the magnitude of the contact force while reducing the duration of the contact phase. Therefore, it is crucial to optimize the plucking speed to achieve the maximum linear impulse. For periodic plucking, successful synchronization between the motions of the piezoelectric energy harvester and the rotating plectrum must occur within a limited contact zone. Otherwise, dynamic interferences often cause the plectrum to fail to pluck the energy harvester exactly within the contact zone. Additionally, reducing the plucking speed of the plectrum and increasing the overlap length would be more advantageous for successful periodic-plucking energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Noh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungryong Bae
- Department of Fire Protection and Disaster Management, Chosun University, Gwanju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Pilkee Kim
- School of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Eco-Friendly Machine Parts Design Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
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Yang SW, Ma SR, Choi JB. The Effect of Kinesio Taping Combined with Virtual-Reality-Based Upper Extremity Training on Upper Extremity Function and Self-Esteem in Stroke Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1813. [PMID: 37444646 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of virtual-reality-based hand motion training (VRT) in parallel with the Kinesio Taping (KT) technique on upper extremity function in stroke patients and to present a more effective therapeutic basis for virtual reality training intervention. (2) Methods: First, 43 stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups: 21 experimental subjects and 22 controls. The experimental group performed Kinesio Taping (KT) on the dorsal part of the hand along with virtual-reality-based hand motion training, and the control group performed only virtual-reality-based hand motion training. The intervention was conducted for a total of 30 sessions over 6 weeks. To evaluate changes in upper extremity function, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and the Motor Activity Log (MAL) (including amount of use (AOU) and quality of movement (QOM)) were evaluated. In addition, the Self-Efficacy Scale (SEF) was evaluated to examine the change in the self-esteem of the study subjects. (3) Results: The experimental group who participated in the virtual reality training in parallel with the KT technique showed statistically significant improvement (** p < 0.01) in the FMA-UE, WMFT, and MAL evaluations that investigate changes in upper extremity function. SEF evaluation also showed a statistically significant improvement (** p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed in the evaluation of FMA-UE, WMFT, MAL-QOM, and SEF (†p < 0.05), showing that that combined intervention was more effective at improving upper extremity function than the existing VRT intervention. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the MAL-AOU item, which is an evaluation of upper extremity function (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the amount of change in upper limb function (††p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: It was confirmed that virtual-reality-based hand motion training performed in parallel with the KT technique had a positive effect on the recovery of upper extremity function of stroke patients. The fact that the KT technique provided stability to the wrist by assisting the wrist extensor muscles appears to have improved the upper extremity function more effectively than VRT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Won Yang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ryong Ma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bae Choi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Sun N, Chu B, Choi DH, Lim L, Song H. ETV2 Enhances CXCL5 Secretion from Endothelial Cells, Leading to the Promotion of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9904. [PMID: 37373052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal communication between endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) promotes vascular diseases, including atherogenesis. ETS variant transcription factor 2 (ETV2) plays a substantial role in pathological angiogenesis and the reprogramming of ECs; however, the role of ETV2 in the communication between ECs and VSMCs has not been revealed. To investigate the interactive role of ETV2 in the EC to VSMC phenotype, we first showed that treatment with a conditioned medium from ETV2-overexpressed ECs (Ad-ETV2 CM) significantly increased VSMC migration. The cytokine array showed altered levels of several cytokines in Ad-ETV2 CM compared with those in normal CM. We found that C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) promoted VSMC migration using the Boyden chamber and wound healing assays. In addition, an inhibitor of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) (the receptor for CXCL5) significantly inhibited this process. Gelatin zymography showed that the activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 increased in the media of VSMCs treated with Ad-ETV2 CM. Western blotting revealed a positive correlation between Akt/p38/c-Jun phosphorylation and CXCL5 concentration. The inhibition of Akt and p38-c-Jun effectively blocked CXCL5-induced VSMC migration. In conclusion, CXCL5 from ECs induced by ETV2 promotes VSMC migration via MMP upregulation and the activation of Akt and p38/c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Beyongsam Chu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Leejin Lim
- Advanced Cancer Controlling Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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35
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Katoch N, Kim Y, Choi BK, Ha SW, Kim TH, Yoon EJ, Song SG, Kim JW, Kim HJ. Estimation of brain tissue response by electrical stimulation in a subject-specific model implemented by conductivity tensor imaging. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197452. [PMID: 37287801 PMCID: PMC10242016 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases and neurological disorders. Computational modeling is an important approach to understand the mechanisms underlying tDCS and optimize treatment planning. When applying computational modeling to treatment planning, uncertainties exist due to insufficient conductivity information inside the brain. In this feasibility study, we performed in vivo MR-based conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) experiments on the entire brain to precisely estimate the tissue response to the electrical stimulation. A recent CTI method was applied to obtain low-frequency conductivity tensor images. Subject-specific three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) of the head were implemented by segmenting anatomical MR images and integrating a conductivity tensor distribution. The electric field and current density of brain tissues following electrical stimulation were calculated using a conductivity tensor-based model and compared to results using an isotropic conductivity model from literature values. The current density by the conductivity tensor was different from the isotropic conductivity model, with an average relative difference |rD| of 52 to 73%, respectively, across two normal volunteers. When applied to two tDCS electrode montages of C3-FP2 and F4-F3, the current density showed a focused distribution with high signal intensity which is consistent with the current flowing from the anode to the cathode electrodes through the white matter. The gray matter tended to carry larger amounts of current densities regardless of directional information. We suggest this CTI-based subject-specific model can provide detailed information on tissue responses for personalized tDCS treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Katoch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsung Kim
- Office of Strategic R&D Planning (MOTIE), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bup Kyung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Ha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gook Song
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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Kim K, Chun C, Moon SY. Conformer-Based Dental AI Patient Clinical Diagnosis Simulation Using Korean Synthetic Data Generator for Multiple Standardized Patient Scenarios. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050615. [PMID: 37237685 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of clinical practice education is to develop the ability to apply theoretical knowledge in a clinical setting and to foster growth as a professional healthcare provider. One effective method of achieving this is through the utilization of Standardized Patients (SP) in education, which familiarizes students with real patient interviews and allows educators to assess their clinical performance skills. However, SP education faces challenges such as the cost of hiring actors and the shortage of professional educators to train them. In this paper, we aim to alleviate these issues by utilizing deep learning models to replace the actors. We employ the Conformer model for the implementation of the AI patient, and we develop a Korean SP scenario data generator to collect data for training responses to diagnostic questions. Our Korean SP scenario data generator is devised to generate SP scenarios based on the provided patient information, using pre-prepared questions and answers. In the AI patient training process, two types of data are employed: common data and personalized data. The common data are employed to develop natural general conversation skills, while personalized data, from the SP scenario, are utilized to learn specific clinical information relevant to a patient's role. Based on these data, to evaluate the learning efficiency of the Conformer structure, a comparison was conducted with the Transformer using the BLEU score and WER as evaluation metrics. Experimental results showed that the Conformer-based model demonstrated a 3.92% and 6.74% improvement in BLEU and WER performance compared to the Transformer-based model, respectively. The dental AI patient for SP simulation presented in this paper has the potential to be applied to other medical and nursing fields, provided that additional data collection processes are conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Kim
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanjun Chun
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yong Moon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Badon IW, Jee JP, Vales TP, Kim C, Lee S, Yang J, Yang SK, Kim HJ. Cationic BODIPY Photosensitizers for Mitochondrion-Targeted Fluorescence Cell-Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051512. [PMID: 37242754 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of three cationic boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives and their mitochondria-targeting and photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) capabilities are reported. Two cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) were used to investigate the PDT activity of the dyes. Compared to their non-halogenated counterparts, halogenated BODIPY dyes exhibit lower fluorescence quantum yields and enable the efficient production of singlet oxygen species. Following LED light irradiation at 520 nm, the synthesized dyes displayed good PDT capabilities against the treated cancer cell lines, with low cytotoxicity in the dark. In addition, functionalization of the BODIPY backbone with a cationic ammonium moiety enhanced the hydrophilicity of the synthesized dyes and, consequently, their uptake by the cells. The results presented here collectively demonstrate the potential of cationic BODIPY-based dyes as therapeutic drugs for anticancer photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wen Badon
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pil Jee
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Temmy Pegarro Vales
- Department of Chemistry, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
- Mineral Resources Management Research and Training Center, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
| | - Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Kyung Yang
- Department of Chemistry Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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38
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Cho SY, An TH, Shim SB, Lee M, Jung KT. The effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 preloading on the blood glucose levels in diabetic patients undergoing orthopedic surgery with spinal anesthesia: a randomized pilot study. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2023; 18:139-147. [PMID: 37183282 PMCID: PMC10183621 DOI: 10.17085/apm.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative hyperglycemia can occur in surgical patients and may increase postoperative morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with diabetes. Therefore, we conducted the present study to evaluate whether the administration of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES)-130/0.4 increases blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. METHODS Forty patients undergoing lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups according to the fluids administered 20 min before spinal anesthesia (Group L, lactated Ringer's solution; Group H, 6% HES-130/0.4). Patient characteristics, intraoperative variables, blood glucose levels, mean blood pressure (MBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded at five time-points (0, 20, 60, 120, and 240 min). RESULTS A total of 39 patients were analyzed (Group L, n = 20; Group H, n = 19). The amount of intraoperative fluid was significantly higher in Group L than in Group H (718.2 ml vs. 530.0 ml, P = 0.010). There were no significant differences in the changes in blood glucose levels, HR, or MBP between the two groups (P = 0.737, P = 0.896, and P = 0.141, respectively). Serial changes in mean blood glucose levels from baseline also showed no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.764). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant changes in blood glucose levels when lactated Ringer's solution or 6% HES-130 was used. When compared to the lactated Ringer's solution, no evidence that 6% HES-130/0.4 produces hyperglycemia in diabetic patients could be found. Further evaluation of larger populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae Hun An
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Bin Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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39
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Mondal H, Kim HJ, Mohanto N, Jee JP. A Review on Dry Eye Disease Treatment: Recent Progress, Diagnostics, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030990. [PMID: 36986851 PMCID: PMC10051136 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disorder of the eye and tear film with potential damage to the ocular surface. Various treatment approaches for this disorder aim to alleviate disease symptoms and restore the normal ophthalmic environment. The most widely used dosage form is eye drops of different drugs with 5% bioavailability. The use of contact lenses to deliver drugs increases bioavailability by up to 50%. Cyclosporin A is a hydrophobic drug loaded onto contact lenses to treat dry eye disease with significant improvement. The tear is a source of vital biomarkers for various systemic and ocular disorders. Several biomarkers related to dry eye disease have been identified. Contact lens sensing technology has become sufficiently advanced to detect specific biomarkers and predict disease conditions accurately. This review focuses on dry eye disease treatment with cyclosporin A-loaded contact lenses, contact lens biosensors for ocular biomarkers of dry eye disease, and the possibility of integrating sensors in therapeutic contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangsu Mondal
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Nijaya Mohanto
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pil Jee
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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40
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Tarek H, Nam KB, Kim YK, Suchi SA, Yoo JC. Biochemical Characterization and Application of a Detergent Stable, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Potential Protease from Bacillus siamensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065774. [PMID: 36982846 PMCID: PMC10056560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are important enzymes that are engaged in a variety of essential physiological functions and have a significant possible use in industrial applications. In this work, we reported the purification and biochemical characterization of a detergent stable, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm potential protease (SH21) produced by Bacillus siamensis CSB55 isolated from Korean fermented vegetable kimchi. SH21 was purified to obtain homogeneity via ammonium sulfate precipitation (40-80%), Sepharose CL-6B, and Sephadex G-75 column. By analyzing the SDS-PAGE and zymogram, it was determined that the molecular weight was around 25 kDa. The enzyme activity was almost completely inhibited in the presence of PMSF and DFP, which indicated that it was a member of the serine protease family. SH21 showed excellent activity with a broad range of pH and temperature, with its maximum pH of 9.0 and temperature of 55 °C. The enzyme had estimated Km and Vmax values of 0.197 mg/mL and 1.22 × 103 U/mg, respectively. In addition, it preserved good activity in the presence of different organic solvents, surfactants, and other reagents. This enzyme showed good antimicrobial activity that was evaluated by MIC against several pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, it exhibited strong antibiofilm activity as determined by MBIC and MBEC assay and degraded the biofilms, which were analyzed by confocal microscopic study. These properties established that SH21 is a potent alkaline protease that can be used in industrial and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Tarek
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bin Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Suzia Aktar Suchi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Cheol Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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41
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Fahim MANI, Saqib N, Jung HY. Semi-supervised atmospheric component learning in low-light image problem. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282674. [PMID: 36893147 PMCID: PMC9997905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient lighting conditions play a crucial role in determining the perceptual quality of images from photographic devices. In general, inadequate transmission light and undesired atmospheric conditions jointly degrade the image quality. If we know the desired ambient factors associated with the given low-light image, we can recover the enhanced image easily. Typical deep networks perform enhancement mappings without investigating the light distribution and color formulation properties. This leads to a lack of image instance-adaptive performance in practice. On the other hand, physical model-driven schemes suffer from the need for inherent decompositions and multiple objective minimizations. Moreover, the above approaches are rarely data efficient or free of postprediction tuning. Influenced by the above issues, this study presents a semisupervised training method using no-reference image quality metrics for low-light image restoration. We incorporate the classical haze distribution model to explore the physical properties of the given image to learn the effect of atmospheric components and minimize a single objective for restoration. We validate the performance of our network for six widely used low-light datasets. Experimental studies show that our proposed study achieves a competitive performance for no-reference metrics compared to current state-of-the-art methods. We also show the improved generalization performance of our proposed method which is efficient in preserving face identities in extreme low-light scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazmus Saqib
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Jung
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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42
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Lee EY, Chu K. The effect of partitioned framing vs. all-inclusive framing of donation amount on prosocial behavior: focus on the moderation effect of psychological characteristics. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166092. [PMID: 37213366 PMCID: PMC10196384 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on individual charitable donations and cause-related marketing have been conducted, the framing of the donation amount has not been studied. This research suggests that people's intention to donate to charity differs depending on whether the donation amount is framed as all-inclusive or partitioned. The main effect of partitioned framing was moderated by individual differences in the need for cognition and regulatory focus. The results of our research are threefold. First, people responded more positively to engage in prosocial behavior in the partitioned donation amount condition than in the all-inclusive condition, even when the total amounts were the same. Second, the framing effect of the donation amount differed according to the need for cognition. Individuals with a high need for cognition (NFC) had a higher intention to donate in the partitioned donation amount condition than in the all-inclusive condition, while individuals with low NFC did not show differences in either condition. Third, the framing effect of the donation amount differed according to regulatory focus. Prevention-focused individuals were more willing to donate in the partitioned condition than in the all-inclusive condition, while promotion-focused individuals did not show differences in either condition. In addition, the interaction of framing and regulatory focus on donation intention was mediated by the perceived authenticity of the donation organization. This research has several academic and practical implications for effective corporate social responsibility activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Institute for Business Research & Education, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyounghee Chu
- Division of Business, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Kyounghee Chu
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Cho I, Song HO, Ji HE, Yang S, Cho JH. BAM15 Relieves Neurodegeneration in Aged Caenorhabditis elegans and Extends Lifespan. Metabolites 2022; 12:1129. [PMID: 36422268 PMCID: PMC9698188 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BAM15 was recently screened as a protonophore uncoupler specifically for the mitochondrial membrane but not the plasma membrane. It is equally as potent as FCCP, but less toxic. Previously, mitochondrial uncoupling via DNP alleviates neurodegeneration in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans during aging. Therefore, we investigated whether BAM15 uncouplers could phenotypically and functionally reduce neuronal defects in aged nematodes. We observed green fluorescence protein-tagged mechanosensory neurons and performed touch and chemotaxis assays during aging. Wild-type animals treated with both 50 µM BAM15 and 10 µM DNP showed reduced mechanosensory neuronal defects during aging, which correlates with the maintenance of touch responses and short-term memory during aging. Uncoupler mutant ucp-4 also responded the same way as the wild-type, reducing neurodegeneration in 50 µM BAM15 and 10 µM DNP-treated animals compared to the DMSO control. These results suggest that 50 µM BAM15 alleviates neurodegeneration phenotypically and functionally in C. elegans during aging, potentially through mitochondrial uncoupling. In accordance with the preserved neuronal shape and function in aged C. elegans, 50 µM BAM15 extended the mean lifespan of both wild-type and ucp-4 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injeong Cho
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Song
- Department of Infection Biology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Ji
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Cho
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Kang YJ, Serhrouchni S, Makhro A, Bogdanova A, Lee SS. Simple Assessment of Red Blood Cell Deformability Using Blood Pressure in Capillary Channels for Effective Detection of Subpopulations in Red Blood Cells. ACS Omega 2022; 7:38576-38588. [PMID: 36340168 PMCID: PMC9631408 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of red blood cell (RBC) deformability as a biomarker requires expensive equipment to induce and monitor deformation. In this study, we present a simple method for quantifying RBC deformability. We designed a microfluidic channel consisting of a micropillar channel and a coflowing channel connected in series. When blood (loading volume = 100 μL) was injected continuously into the device under constant pressure (1 bar), we monitored the boundary position of the blood and the reference flow in the coflowing channel. A decrease in the deformability of RBCs results in a growing pressure drop in the micropillar channel, which is mirrored by a decrease in blood pressure in the coflowing channel. Analysis of this temporal variation in blood pressure allowed us to define the clogging index (CI) as a new marker of RBC deformability. As a result of the analytical study and numerical simulation, we have demonstrated that the coflowing channel may serve as a pressure sensor that allows the measurement of blood pressure with accuracy. We have shown experimentally that a higher hematocrit level (i.e., more than 40%) does not have a substantial influence on CI. The CI tended to increase to a higher degree in glutaraldehyde-treated hardened RBCs. Furthermore, we were able to resolve the difference in deformability of RBCs between two different RBC density subfractions in human blood. In summary, our approach using CI provides reliable information on the deformability of RBCs, which is comparable to the readouts obtained by ektacytometry. We believe that our microfluidic device would be a useful tool for evaluating the deformability of RBCs, which does not require expensive instruments (e.g., high-speed camera) or time-consuming micro-PIV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jun Kang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sami Serhrouchni
- Institute
of Veterinary Physiology, University of
Zürich, Zürich8057, Switzerland
| | - Asya Makhro
- Institute
of Veterinary Physiology, University of
Zürich, Zürich8057, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Institute
of Veterinary Physiology, University of
Zürich, Zürich8057, Switzerland
- Center
for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich8006, Switzerland
| | - Sung Sik Lee
- Scientific
Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zürich, Zürich8093, Switzerland
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH
Zürich, Zürich8093, Switzerland
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45
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Song B, Kim KJ, Ki SH. Experience with and perceptions of non-prescription anthelmintics for cancer treatments among cancer patients in South Korea: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275620. [PMID: 36194607 PMCID: PMC9531786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-prescription anthelmintics are used by many patients as cancer treatment in South Korea, data regarding the experiences or perceptions of these drugs are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the repercussions of non-prescription anthelmintics for cancer treatment and evaluate their perceived effectiveness and adverse effects. This survey included 86 cancer patients, aged 19 years and older, who underwent anthelmintic therapy for cancer. They were recruited from two online communities in South Korea through a structured questionnaire that was provided online. Cancer patients under non-prescription anthelmintic therapy for cancer in South Korea were mostly in their advanced stages and had started the treatment in 2019. About half of the cancer patients had taken non-prescription anthelmintics during their chemotherapy, and 96.5% of them did not inform the clinicians. These participants had a positive perception (79.1%) toward the effectiveness of anthelmintics, as they felt it improved their physical condition. Data on the adverse effects of anthelmintics showed that more than two-third of the participants did not report experiencing any adverse effects. Communication between the clinicians and cancer patients regarding the use of non-prescription anthelmintics should be enhanced to prevent adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Song
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Joon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHK); (KJK)
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHK); (KJK)
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Kannappan B, Gunasekaran TI, te Nijenhuis J, Gopal M, Velusami D, Kothandan G, Lee KH. Polygenic score for Alzheimer’s disease identifies differential atrophy in hippocampal subfield volumes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270795. [PMID: 35830443 PMCID: PMC9278752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal subfield atrophy is a prime structural change in the brain, associated with cognitive aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Recent developments in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci that characterize the risk of hippocampal volume loss based on the processes of normal and abnormal aging. Polygenic risk scores are the genetic proxies mimicking the genetic role of the pre-existing vulnerabilities of the underlying mechanisms influencing these changes. Discriminating the genetic predispositions of hippocampal subfield atrophy between cognitive aging and neurodegenerative diseases will be helpful in understanding the disease etiology. In this study, we evaluated the polygenic risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD PGRS) for hippocampal subfield atrophy in 1,086 individuals (319 cognitively normal (CN), 591 mild cognitively impaired (MCI), and 176 Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD)). Our results showed a stronger association of AD PGRS effect on the left hemisphere than on the right hemisphere for all the hippocampal subfield volumes in a mixed clinical population (CN+MCI+ADD). The subfields CA1, CA4, hippocampal tail, subiculum, presubiculum, molecular layer, GC-ML-DG, and HATA showed stronger AD PGRS associations with the MCI+ADD group than with the CN group. The subfields CA3, parasubiculum, and fimbria showed moderately higher AD PGRS associations with the MCI+ADD group than with the CN group. Our findings suggest that the eight subfield regions, which were strongly associated with AD PGRS are likely involved in the early stage ADD and a specific focus on the left hemisphere could enhance the early prediction of ADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Kannappan
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamil Iniyan Gunasekaran
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan te Nijenhuis
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JN); (KHL)
| | - Muthu Gopal
- Health Systems Research & MRHRU, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepika Velusami
- Department of Physiology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gugan Kothandan
- Biopolymer Modeling and Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JN); (KHL)
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Lee JS, Sun KH, Park Y. Evaluation of Melia azedarach extract-loaded poly (vinyl alcohol)/pectin hydrogel for burn wound healing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270281. [PMID: 35737705 PMCID: PMC9223348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, a hydrogel comprising poly (vinyl alcohol)/pectin (PVA/PET) was prepared by the addition of Melia azedarach extract for epithelial restoration. M. azedarach extract (MAE) contains volatile organic plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial properties. MAE has a variety of physiological properties, including antimicrobial, insecticidal, and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate whether MAE-loaded PVA/PET hydrogels have protective effects against burn wound healing. Methods and findings To mix M. azedarach with the gel, nanoparticles containing M. azedarach were prepared using chitosan/maltodextrin as the wall material. A PVA/PET hydrogel containing M. azedarach was developed and its applicability as a wound dressing was evaluated. In the in vitro scratch assay, MAE treatment showed a scratch recovery-promoting effect comparable to that of the positive control TGF-β1. The MAE-PVA/PET hydrogel was found to be non-toxic, and the antibacterial activity of the hydrogel was excellent against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, as the formulated hydrogel demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity, its wound-healing efficacy was investigated in vivo using a rat model. Conclusion MAE was found to be effective against burn wounds and to have antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seung Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yongjin Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Bang MS, Kim CM, Kim DM, Yun NR. Effective Drugs Against Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in an in vitro Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:839215. [PMID: 35433715 PMCID: PMC9008449 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.839215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). This syndrome is endemic in China, South Korea, and Japan, with a fatality rate of approximately 20–30%. Although the World Health Organization has listed SFTS as a disease that requires urgent steps for the development of its treatment, no treatments are available. Methods We analyzed the antiviral activity of 41 drugs against the SFTSV to explore potential therapeutic candidates using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and plaque assay in vitro. Results Peramivir, nitazoxanide, and favipiravir were found to have inhibitory effects on the SFTSV at concentrations below the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). The concentrations that inhibited the SFTSV by 50% were as follows: peramivir, half maximal effective concentration (EC50) 12.9 μg/mL; nitazoxanide, EC50 0.57 μg/mL; and favipiravir, EC50 4.14 μg/mL. Conclusion The effects of peramivir and nitazoxanide on the SFTSV were identified for the first time in this study. Future studies need to include animal models of SFTSV infection, clinical trials including dose-ranging trials, and evaluation of combination therapy with other potential antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Seon Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dong-Min Kim,
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Jeong SA, Kim J. Factors influencing nurses’ intention to care for patients with COVID-19: Focusing on positive psychological capital and nursing professionalism. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262786. [PMID: 35045117 PMCID: PMC8769348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose It is necessary to identify factors that influence nurses’ intention to care for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to improve the quality of care during the pandemic. This study identifies factors that influence nurses’ intention to care for COVID-19 patients, focusing on positive psychological capital and nursing professionalism. Methods This study adopted a descriptive correlational design. Data were collected between August 16 and August 30, 2020, through self-administered questionnaires from 148 bedside nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, from four hospitals designated for COVID-19 treatment. Modified versions of the Nursing Intention Questionnaire for SARS Patient Care, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Hall’s Professional Inventory were used. The collected data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. Results In total, 165 questionnaires were distributed, and 148 questionnaires (89.7%) were included in the final analysis. Factors influencing nurses’ intention to care were: age (30<: β = .18, p = .026; ≥50: β = .23, p = .005), department (ICU: β = -.26, p = .001), sufficient clinical experience and skills to care for COVID-19 patients (sufficient: β = .18, p = .019), and positive psychological capital (β = .22, p = .044). The model’s explanatory power (R2) was 48%. Conclusions Strategies to increase nurses’ positive psychological capital are necessary to improve nursing care quality by increasing intention to care when facing novel infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Furthermore, adequate education and training on managing novel infectious diseases should be implemented to provide nurses with relevant experience and skills regarding caring for patients infected with these diseases. Through various studies, strategies for improving nurses’ positive psychological capital need to be suggested to improve the quality of care by increasing the nurses’ intention to care during the emergence of a novel infectious disease, such as COVID-19. Additionally, adequate education and training on managing the novel infectious diseases, sufficient for the nurses to believe they have the experience and skills for caring for the infected patients, will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-a Jeong
- Department of Nursing, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim C, Kim P, Ju CI, Kim SW. Tracheostomy Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With Plating in Trauma Patients: Is It Safe? Korean J Neurotrauma 2022; 18:268-276. [PMID: 36381461 PMCID: PMC9634326 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2022.18.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the safety and necessity of tracheostomy after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with plating, despite the close proximity of the two surgical skin incisions. Methods Sixty-three patients with traumatic cervical fractures or spinal cord injury (SCI) who underwent single-level ACDF and plating between January 2014 and June 2019 were included in this study. The patients included 45 men and 18 women, with a mean age of 48.5 years. A retrospective analysis of the patients’ demographic data, level of injury, radiological findings, and neurological status was performed based on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), open tracheostomy, and decannulation rate. Additionally, risk factors necessitating tracheostomy were statistically analyzed. Results Eighteen patients (28.5%) required subsequent open tracheostomy. Among them, 11 patients were successfully decannulated, four patients could not be decannulated during the follow-up period, and three patients died of unrelated complications. The median interval from ACDF with plating to open tracheostomy was 9.6 days (range, 5–23 days). On the basis of neurological status, ASIA A and B patients (p<0.001), high signal intensity on T2-weighted-magnetic resonance (MR) images (p=0.001), and major cervical fracture and dislocation were significant risk factors for tracheostomy (p=0.02). No patient showed evidence of significant soft tissue, bony infection, or nonunion during the follow-up period. Conclusion Independent tracheostomy did not increase the risk of infection or nonunion despite the close proximity of the two surgical skin incisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangYub Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Pius Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Il Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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