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Sladen PE, Jovanovic K, Guarascio R, Ottaviani D, Salsbury G, Novoselova T, Chapple JP, Yu-Wai-Man P, Cheetham ME. Modelling autosomal dominant optic atrophy associated with OPA1 variants in iPSC-derived retinal ganglion cells. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3478-3493. [PMID: 35652445 PMCID: PMC9558835 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the most common inherited optic neuropathy, characterized by the preferential loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in optic nerve degeneration and progressive bilateral central vision loss. More than 60% of genetically confirmed patients with DOA carry variants in the nuclear OPA1 gene, which encodes for a ubiquitously expressed, mitochondrial GTPase protein. OPA1 has diverse functions within the mitochondrial network, facilitating inner membrane fusion and cristae modelling, regulating mitochondrial DNA maintenance and coordinating mitochondrial bioenergetics. There are currently no licensed disease-modifying therapies for DOA and the disease mechanisms driving RGC degeneration are poorly understood. Here, we describe the generation of isogenic, heterozygous OPA1 null induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) (OPA1+/-) through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing of a control cell line, in conjunction with the generation of DOA patient-derived iPSC carrying OPA1 variants, namely, the c.2708_2711delTTAG variant (DOA iPSC), and previously reported missense variant iPSC line (c.1334G>A, DOA plus [DOA]+ iPSC) and CRISPR/Cas9 corrected controls. A two-dimensional (2D) differentiation protocol was used to study the effect of OPA1 variants on iPSC-RGC differentiation and mitochondrial function. OPA1+/-, DOA and DOA+ iPSC showed no differentiation deficit compared to control iPSC lines, exhibiting comparable expression of all relevant markers at each stage of differentiation. OPA1+/- and OPA1 variant iPSC-RGCs exhibited impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, with reduced bioenergetic output and compromised mitochondrial DNA maintenance. These data highlight mitochondrial deficits associated with OPA1 dysfunction in human iPSC-RGCs, and establish a platform to study disease mechanisms that contribute to RGC loss in DOA, as well as potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Sladen
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | | | - Daniele Ottaviani
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua 35129, Italy
| | - Grace Salsbury
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tatiana Novoselova
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J Paul Chapple
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
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