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Huuskonen MT, Tuo QZ, Loppi S, Dhungana H, Korhonen P, McInnes LE, Donnelly PS, Grubman A, Wojciechowski S, Lejavova K, Pomeshchik Y, Periviita L, Kosonen L, Giordano M, Walker FR, Liu R, Bush AI, Koistinaho J, Malm T, White AR, Lei P, Kanninen KM. The Copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) Complex Cu II(atsm) Is Protective Against Cerebral Ischemia Through Modulation of the Inflammatory Milieu. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:519-532. [PMID: 28050710 PMCID: PMC5398983 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new therapies for stroke is urgently needed, as this disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and the existing treatment is only available for a small subset of patients. The interruption of blood flow to the brain during ischemic stroke launches multiple immune responses, characterized by infiltration of peripheral immune cells, the activation of brain microglial cells, and the accumulation of immune mediators. Copper is an essential trace element that is required for many critical processes in the brain. Copper homeostasis is disturbed in chronic neurodegenerative diseases and altered in stroke patients, and targeted copper delivery has been shown to be protective against chronic neurodegeneration. This study was undertaken to assess whether the copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex, CuII(atsm), is beneficial in acute brain injury, in preclinical mouse models of ischemic stroke. We demonstrate that the copper complex CuII(atsm) protects neurons from excitotoxicity and N2a cells from OGD in vitro, and is protective in permanent and transient ischemia models in mice as measured by functional outcome and lesion size. Copper delivery in the ischemic brains modulates the inflammatory response, specifically affecting the myeloid cells. It reduces CD45 and Iba1 immunoreactivity, and alters the morphology of Iba1 positive cells in the ischemic brain. CuII(atsm) also protects endogenous microglia against ischemic insult and reduces the proportion of invading monocytes. These results demonstrate that the copper complex CuII(atsm) is an inflammation-modulating compound with high therapeutic potential in stroke and is a strong candidate for the development of therapies for acute brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko T. Huuskonen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Qing-zhang Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Sanna Loppi
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lachlan E. McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Sara Wojciechowski
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarina Lejavova
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yuriy Pomeshchik
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Periviita
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lotta Kosonen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martina Giordano
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frederick R. Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anthony R. White
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
- Present Address: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland Australia
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Locked Bag 2000, Herston, QLD 4029 Australia
| | - Peng Lei
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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