1
|
Maltman JC, Coops NC, Rickbeil GJM, Hermosilla T, Burton AC. Quantifying forest disturbance regimes within caribou (Rangifer tarandus) range in British Columbia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6520. [PMID: 38499725 PMCID: PMC10948814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Habitat disturbance is a major driver of the decline of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Canada. Different disturbance agents and regimes negatively impact caribou populations to different degrees. It is therefore critical that land managers and scientists studying caribou have a detailed understanding of the disturbance regimes affecting caribou habitat. In this work we use recent advances in satellite-based disturbance detection to quantify polygonal forest disturbance regimes affecting caribou ecotypes and herds in British Columbia (BC) from 1985 to 2019. Additionally, we utilize this data to investigate harvesting rates since the implementation of the Species at Risk Act (SARA) and publication of recovery strategies for caribou in BC. Southern Mountain caribou herds are the most threatened yet experienced the highest rates of disturbance, with 22.75% of forested habitat within their ranges disturbed during the study period. Over the study period, we found that in total, 16.4% of forested area was disturbed across all caribou herd ranges. Our findings indicate that caribou in BC face high, and in many cases increasing, levels of habitat disturbance. Our results provide a detailed understanding of the polygonal disturbance regimes affecting caribou in BC at the herd scale, and highlight the need for effective implementation of policies aimed at preserving caribou habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C Maltman
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Nicholas C Coops
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory J M Rickbeil
- Ecofish Research, Suite 303-2012 Washington Street, Rossland, BC, V0G 1Y0, Canada
| | - Txomin Hermosilla
- Canadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry Centre), Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - A Cole Burton
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pagano AM, Rode KD, Lunn NJ, McGeachy D, Atkinson SN, Farley SD, Erlenbach JA, Robbins CT. Polar bear energetic and behavioral strategies on land with implications for surviving the ice-free period. Nat Commun 2024; 15:947. [PMID: 38351211 PMCID: PMC10864307 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Declining Arctic sea ice is increasing polar bear land use. Polar bears on land are thought to minimize activity to conserve energy. Here, we measure the daily energy expenditure (DEE), diet, behavior, movement, and body composition changes of 20 different polar bears on land over 19-23 days from August to September (2019-2022) in Manitoba, Canada. Polar bears on land exhibited a 5.2-fold range in DEE and 19-fold range in activity, from hibernation-like DEEs to levels approaching active bears on the sea ice, including three individuals that made energetically demanding swims totaling 54-175 km. Bears consumed berries, vegetation, birds, bones, antlers, seal, and beluga. Beyond compensating for elevated DEE, there was little benefit from terrestrial foraging toward prolonging the predicted time to starvation, as 19 of 20 bears lost mass (0.4-1.7 kg•day-1). Although polar bears on land exhibit remarkable behavioral plasticity, our findings reinforce the risk of starvation, particularly in subadults, with forecasted increases in the onshore period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Pagano
- U. S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
| | - Karyn D Rode
- U. S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lunn
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - David McGeachy
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | | | - Sean D Farley
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA
| | - Joy A Erlenbach
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, AK, 99615, USA
| | - Charles T Robbins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
MacDonald H, McKenney DW, Papadopol P, Lawrence K, Pedlar J, Hutchinson MF. North American historical monthly spatial climate dataset, 1901-2016. Sci Data 2020; 7:411. [PMID: 33230127 PMCID: PMC7683623 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present historical monthly spatial models of temperature and precipitation generated from the North American dataset version "j" from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Centres for Environmental Information (NCEI). Monthly values of minimum/maximum temperature and precipitation for 1901-2016 were modelled for continental United States and Canada. Compared to similar spatial models published in 2006 by Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the current models show less error. The Root Generalized Cross Validation (RTGCV), a measure of the predictive error of the surfaces akin to a spatially averaged standard predictive error estimate, averaged 0.94 °C for maximum temperature models, 1.3 °C for minimum temperature and 25.2% for total precipitation. Mean prediction errors for the temperature variables were less than 0.01 °C, using all stations. In comparison, precipitation models showed a dry bias (compared to recorded values) of 0.5 mm or 0.7% of the surface mean. Mean absolute predictive errors for all stations were 0.7 °C for maximum temperature, 1.02 °C for minimum temperature, and 13.3 mm (19.3% of the surface mean) for monthly precipitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather MacDonald
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Research Scientist, P6A 2E5, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daniel W McKenney
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Chief, Landscape Analysis and Applications, P6A 2E5 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pia Papadopol
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Visiting Scientist, P6A 2E5 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Lawrence
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Geographical Information Systems Analyst, P6A 2E5 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Pedlar
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Forest Resource Biologist, P6A 2E5 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael F Hutchinson
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berner LT, Massey R, Jantz P, Forbes BC, Macias-Fauria M, Myers-Smith I, Kumpula T, Gauthier G, Andreu-Hayles L, Gaglioti BV, Burns P, Zetterberg P, D'Arrigo R, Goetz SJ. Summer warming explains widespread but not uniform greening in the Arctic tundra biome. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4621. [PMID: 32963240 PMCID: PMC7509805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctic warming can influence tundra ecosystem function with consequences for climate feedbacks, wildlife and human communities. Yet ecological change across the Arctic tundra biome remains poorly quantified due to field measurement limitations and reliance on coarse-resolution satellite data. Here, we assess decadal changes in Arctic tundra greenness using time series from the 30 m resolution Landsat satellites. From 1985 to 2016 tundra greenness increased (greening) at ~37.3% of sampling sites and decreased (browning) at ~4.7% of sampling sites. Greening occurred most often at warm sampling sites with increased summer air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture, while browning occurred most often at cold sampling sites that cooled and dried. Tundra greenness was positively correlated with graminoid, shrub, and ecosystem productivity measured at field sites. Our results support the hypothesis that summer warming stimulated plant productivity across much, but not all, of the Arctic tundra biome during recent decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Logan T Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
| | - Richard Massey
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Patrick Jantz
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Bruce C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Marc Macias-Fauria
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QF, UK
| | - Isla Myers-Smith
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Timo Kumpula
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Gilles Gauthier
- Department of Biology and Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Laia Andreu-Hayles
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Benjamin V Gaglioti
- Water and Environment Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Patrick Burns
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Pentti Zetterberg
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Rosanne D'Arrigo
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Scott J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| |
Collapse
|