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Schachtner-Appel A, Moses L, Jackey B, Jewell E, Patel D, Song HJ. Evaluation of an Online Training Course for Childcare Providers Participating in the CACFP Infant Feeding Program. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:391-399. [PMID: 38280150 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) provides reimbursement for meals and snacks offered in participating centers and issues nutrition standards, including guidelines for feeding infants in childcare settings. Offering training to childcare providers participating in the CACFP is necessary to ensure compliance with nutrition standards in childcare settings. METHODS A State Department of Education and University Extension system collaborated to develop an online nutrition training course for childcare providers. Providers (n = 57) participated in the course on CACFP nutrition standards related to feeding infants (0-12 months of age). Thirty-two of 57 participants completed both pre- and post-training surveys that were used to assess changes in knowledge and confidence concerning infant feeding standards. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted to assess differences in survey responses before and after the course. RESULTS Self-confidence and knowledge of providers related to infant feeding were significantly increased after completion of the training course (p < 0.001). More participants reported their sites were likely to respond to infants showing they were hungry or full than before the course (44.4% vs. 75.7%, respectively). Participant feedback indicated the online asynchronous course was convenient, useful, and topics were relevant to training needs. DISCUSSION The online course was feasible and effective for providing training on CACFP guidelines for childcare providers. Feedback from participants can be adapted and used for future training programs to further improve the course and delivery methods and efficiently reach a broad audience of childcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Schachtner-Appel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland College Park, 0112 Skinner Building, 4300 Chapel Lane, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Leena Moses
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Beverly Jackey
- Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Maryland Extension, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Erin Jewell
- Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Maryland Extension, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dhruti Patel
- Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Maryland Extension, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hee-Jung Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland College Park, 0112 Skinner Building, 4300 Chapel Lane, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Yamoah O, Schulte J, Osborn L, Ogland-Hand C, Zubieta AC, Freedman DA. Pantry clients and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education practitioners' perspectives on factors influencing healthy eating policy, system and environmental interventions in food pantries. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e81. [PMID: 37528826 PMCID: PMC10388411 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education identified food pantries as a targeted setting for policy, system, and environmental (PSE) interventions to promote healthy eating among households who rely on pantries to supplement their food needs. The present study sought to identify factors influencing capacity and readiness to implement healthy eating PSE interventions in food pantries. Qualitative interviews were conducted via zoom with twenty-six community residents with experience receiving SNAP benefits and twelve SNAP-Ed staff in rural and urban counties in Ohio to identify themes and indicators related to community/organisational capacity and readiness to implement healthy eating PSE interventions in food pantries. Themes and related indicators generated based on inductive and deductive coding of interview transcripts were prioritised and weighted by eleven community nutrition experts during a virtual consensus conference. Five themes emerged; expert-derived weights (scaled low, 0 to high, 1) reflect the perceived importance of each to implementation of healthy eating PSE interventions in food pantries: food pantry capacity and logistics [0⋅252], networks and relationships [0⋅228], community nutrition practitioner capacity [0⋅212], food pantry user characteristics [0⋅156], and stigma and stereotypes [0⋅1⋅52]. Overall, seventeen indicators were identified reflecting these themes. Successful and sustained PSE interventions at food pantries will require a tailored approach that considers food pantries' capacity, needs and opportunities within the community, and capacity of community nutrition practitioners. The themes and indicators identified provide guidance for responsive PSE approaches in food pantries that meet communities where they are.
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Key Words
- Assessment
- COREQ, the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research
- Food pantry
- Healthy eating
- IRB, Institutional Review Board
- NPP, Nutrition Pantry Program
- OSU, Ohio State University
- PSE, policy, system and environmental
- Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) interventions
- READI, Readiness Assessment and Decision Instrument
- RUCA, Rural–Urban Commuting Area
- Readiness
- SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
- SNAP-Ed, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education program
- WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children
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Affiliation(s)
- Owusua Yamoah
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jillian Schulte
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lindsay Osborn
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Callie Ogland-Hand
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ana Claudia Zubieta
- College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences (CFAES), OSU Extension, 381B Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Darcy A. Freedman
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ojinnaka CO, Arteaga I, Hodges L, Heflin C. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Medication Adherence Among Medicaid-Insured Older Adults Living with Hypertension. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:1349-1356. [PMID: 36707458 PMCID: PMC10160273 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity has been associated with medication non-adherence among individuals living with chronic diseases like hypertension. The relationship between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-a public program that addresses food insecurity-and Medication adherence among older Medicaid-insured adults living with hypertension is not clear. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between patterns of SNAP participation and adherence to antihypertensive medications among older Medicaid-insured individuals. DESIGN Retrospective study using linked 2006-2014 state of Missouri's Medicaid claims and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program data. PARTICIPANTS Older adults (≥ 60 years) who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid for 12 months following their first observed claim for hypertension at or after age 60. MAIN MEASURES The outcome measure was medication adherence assessed using the proportion of days covered (PDC). The exposure measures were as follows: (1) receipt of SNAP benefits (no [0], yes [1]); (2) SNAP benefits receipt during the 12-month Medicaid continuous enrollment (no [0], yes [1]); (3) duration of SNAP participation during the 12-month continuous Medicaid enrollment; and (4) SNAP participation pattern. KEY RESULTS On multivariable analyses, there was a statistically significant association between ever participating in SNAP and medication adherence (β = 0.32; S.E. = 0.011). Compared to those who participated in SNAP for 1-3 months during the 12-month continuous enrollment, there was an increased likelihood of medication adherence among those who were enrolled for 10-12 months (β = 0.44, S.E. = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Medicaid-insured older adults who are SNAP participants or enrolled in SNAP for 10-12 months of a 12-month Medicaid continuous enrollment period are more likely to be adherent to antihypertensive medication compared to non-SNAP participants or those enrolled for 1-3 months, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma Arteaga
- Harry S Truman School of Government and Public Affairs, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Leslie Hodges
- Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Colleen Heflin
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Murga-Garrido SM, Hong Q, Cross TWL, Hutchison ER, Han J, Thomas SP, Vivas EI, Denu J, Ceschin DG, Tang ZZ, Rey FE. Gut microbiome variation modulates the effects of dietary fiber on host metabolism. Microbiome 2021; 9:117. [PMID: 34016169 PMCID: PMC8138933 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is general consensus that consumption of dietary fermentable fiber improves cardiometabolic health, in part by promoting mutualistic microbes and by increasing production of beneficial metabolites in the distal gut. However, human studies have reported variations in the observed benefits among individuals consuming the same fiber. Several factors likely contribute to this variation, including host genetic and gut microbial differences. We hypothesized that gut microbial metabolism of dietary fiber represents an important and differential factor that modulates how dietary fiber impacts the host. RESULTS We examined genetically identical gnotobiotic mice harboring two distinct complex gut microbial communities and exposed to four isocaloric diets, each containing different fibers: (i) cellulose, (ii) inulin, (iii) pectin, (iv) a mix of 5 fermentable fibers (assorted fiber). Gut microbiome analysis showed that each transplanted community preserved a core of common taxa across diets that differentiated it from the other community, but there were variations in richness and bacterial taxa abundance within each community among the different diet treatments. Host epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolomic analyses revealed diet-directed differences between animals colonized with the two communities, including variation in amino acids and lipid pathways that were associated with divergent health outcomes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that interindividual variation in the gut microbiome is causally linked to differential effects of dietary fiber on host metabolic phenotypes and suggests that a one-fits-all fiber supplementation approach to promote health is unlikely to elicit consistent effects across individuals. Overall, the presented results underscore the importance of microbe-diet interactions on host metabolism and suggest that gut microbes modulate dietary fiber efficacy. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Murga-Garrido
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- PECEM (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Qilin Hong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Present Address: Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, Stone Hall 205, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Evan R Hutchison
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jessica Han
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Eugenio I Vivas
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John Denu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Danilo G Ceschin
- Unidad de Bioinformática Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional Severo Amuchástegui, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Av. Naciones Unidas 420, 5000, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
| | - Zheng-Zheng Tang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Rollings KA, Wells NM. Cafeteria assessment for elementary schools (CAFES): development, reliability testing, and predictive validity analysis. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1154. [PMID: 30285685 PMCID: PMC6171137 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies to reduce childhood obesity and improve nutrition include creating school food environments that promote healthy eating. Despite well-documented health benefits of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, many U.S. school-aged children, especially low-income youth, fail to meet national dietary guidelines for FV intake. The Cafeteria Assessment for Elementary Schools (CAFES) was developed to quantify physical attributes of elementary school cafeteria environments associated with students' selection and consumption of FV. CAFES procedures require observation of the cafeteria environment where preparation, serving, and eating occur; staff interviews; photography; and scoring. METHODS CAFES development included three phases. First, assessment items were identified via a literature review, expert panel review, and pilot testing. Second, reliability testing included calculating inter-item correlations, internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson-21 coefficients), and inter-rater reliability (percent agreement) based on data collected from 50 elementary schools in low-income communities and 3187 National School Lunch Program participants in four U.S. states. At least 43% of each participating school's students qualified for free- or reduced-price meals. Third, FV servings and consumption data, obtained from lunch tray photography, and multi-level modeling were used to assess the predictive validity of CAFES. RESULTS CAFES' 198 items (grouped into 108 questions) capture four environmental scales: room (50 points), table/display (133 points), plate (4 points), and food (11 points). Internal consistency (KR-21) was 0.88 (overall), 0.80 (room), 0.72 (table), 0.83 (plate), and 0.58 (food). Room subscales include ambient environment, appearance, windows, layout/visibility, healthy signage, and kitchen/serving area. Table subscales include furniture, availability, display layout/presentation, serving method, and variety. Inter-rater reliability (percent agreement) of the final CAFES tool was 90%. Predictive validity analyses indicated that the total CAFES and four measurement scale scores were significantly associated with percentage consumed of FV served (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS CAFES offers a practical and low-cost measurement tool for school staff, design and public health practitioners, and researchers to identify critical areas for intervention; suggest low- and no-cost intervention strategies; and contribute to guidelines for cafeteria design, food presentation and layout, and operations aimed at promoting healthy eating among elementary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Rollings
- School of Architecture, University of Notre Dame, 110 Bond Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Nancy M. Wells
- Design + Environmental Analysis, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, 1411 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Brittin J, Frerichs L, Sirard JR, Wells NM, Myers BM, Garcia J, Sorensen D, Trowbridge MJ, Huang T. Impacts of active school design on school-time sedentary behavior and physical activity: A pilot natural experiment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189236. [PMID: 29216300 PMCID: PMC5720751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children spend a significant portion of their days in sedentary behavior (SB) and on average fail to engage in adequate physical activity (PA). The school built environment may influence SB and PA, but research is limited. This natural experiment evaluated whether an elementary school designed to promote movement impacted students' school-time SB and PA. METHODS Accelerometers measured SB and PA at pre and post time-points in an intervention group who moved to the new school (n = 21) and in a comparison group experiencing no school environmental change (n = 20). Difference-in-difference (DD) analysis examined SB and PA outcomes in these groups. Measures were also collected post-intervention from an independent, grade-matched group of students in the new school (n = 21). RESULTS As expected, maturational increases in SB were observed. However, DD analysis estimated that the intervention attenuated increase in SB by 81.2 ± 11.4 minutes/day (p<0.001), controlling for time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The intervention was also estimated to increase daily number of breaks from SB by 23.4 ± 2.6 (p < .001) and to increase light physical activity (LPA) by 67.7 ± 10.7 minutes/day (p<0.001). However, the intervention decreased MVPA by 10.3 ± 2.3 minutes/day (p<0.001). Results of grade-matched independent samples analysis were similar, with students in the new vs. old school spending 90.5 ± 16.1 fewer minutes/day in SB, taking 21.1 ± 2.7 more breaks from SB (p<0.001), and spending 64.5 ± 14.8 more minutes in LPA (p<0.001), controlling for time in MVPA. Students in the new school spent 13.1 ± 2.7 fewer minutes in MVPA (p<0.001) than their counterparts in the old school. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study found that active school design had beneficial effects on SB and LPA, but not on MVPA. Mixed results point to a need for active classroom design strategies to mitigate SB, and quick access from classrooms to areas permissive of high-intensity activities to promote MVPA. Integrating active design with programs/policies to promote PA may yield greatest impact on PA of all intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeri Brittin
- HDR, Department of Built Environment Research, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, College of Architecture, Department of Interior Design, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Leah Frerichs
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - John R. Sirard
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Nancy M. Wells
- Cornell University, College of Human Ecology, Department of Design and Environmental Analysis, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Beth M. Myers
- Cornell University, College of Human Ecology, Department of Design and Environmental Analysis, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeanette Garcia
- University of Central Florida, College of Education and Human Sciences, Department of Educational and Human Services, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Dina Sorensen
- VMDO Architects, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Trowbridge
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Terry Huang
- City University of New York, School of Public Health, Graduate Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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