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Santos TADO, Soares LW, Oliveira LN, Moraes D, Mendes MS, Soares CMDA, Bailão AM, Bailão MGS. Zinc Starvation Induces Cell Wall Remodeling and Activates the Antioxidant Defense System in Fonsecaea pedrosoi. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:118. [PMID: 38392790 PMCID: PMC10890210 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The survival of pathogenic fungi in the host after invasion depends on their ability to obtain nutrients, which include the transition metal zinc. This essential micronutrient is required to maintain the structure and function of various proteins and, therefore, plays a critical role in various biological processes. The host's nutritional immunity limits the availability of zinc to pathogenic fungi mainly by the action of calprotectin, a component of neutrophil extracellular traps. Here we investigated the adaptive responses of Fonsecaea pedrosoi to zinc-limiting conditions. This black fungus is the main etiological agent of chromoblastomycosis, a chronic neglected tropical disease that affects subcutaneous tissues. Following exposure to a zinc-limited environment, F. pedrosoi induces a high-affinity zinc uptake machinery, composed of zinc transporters and the zincophore Pra1. A proteomic approach was used to define proteins regulated by zinc deprivation. Cell wall remodeling, changes in neutral lipids homeostasis, and activation of the antioxidant system were the main strategies for survival in the hostile environment. Furthermore, the downregulation of enzymes required for sulfate assimilation was evident. Together, the adaptive responses allow fungal growth and development and reveals molecules that may be related to fungal persistence in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Weba Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lucas Nojosa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Dayane Moraes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Millena Silva Mendes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Garcia Silva Bailão
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
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Cruz-Leite VRM, Moreira ALE, Silva LOS, Inácio MM, Parente-Rocha JA, Ruiz OH, Weber SS, Soares CMDA, Borges CL. Proteomics of Paracoccidioides lutzii: Overview of Changes Triggered by Nitrogen Catabolite Repression. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1102. [PMID: 37998907 PMCID: PMC10672198 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Paracoccidioides complex are the causative agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a human systemic mycosis endemic in Latin America. Upon initial contact with the host, the pathogen needs to uptake micronutrients. Nitrogen is an essential source for biosynthetic pathways. Adaptation to nutritional stress is a key feature of fungi in host tissues. Fungi utilize nitrogen sources through Nitrogen Catabolite Repression (NCR). NCR ensures the scavenging, uptake and catabolism of alternative nitrogen sources, when preferential ones, such as glutamine or ammonium, are unavailable. The NanoUPLC-MSE proteomic approach was used to investigate the NCR response of Paracoccidioides lutzii after growth on proline or glutamine as a nitrogen source. A total of 338 differentially expressed proteins were identified. P. lutzii demonstrated that gluconeogenesis, β-oxidation, glyoxylate cycle, adhesin-like proteins, stress response and cell wall remodeling were triggered in NCR-proline conditions. In addition, within macrophages, yeast cells trained under NCR-proline conditions showed an increased ability to survive. In general, this study allows a comprehensive understanding of the NCR response employed by the fungus to overcome nutritional starvation, which in the human host is represented by nutritional immunity. In turn, the pathogen requires rapid adaptation to the changing microenvironment induced by macrophages to achieve successful infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rafaela Milhomem Cruz-Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences II, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.L.E.M.); (L.O.S.S.); (M.M.I.); (J.A.P.-R.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - André Luís Elias Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences II, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.L.E.M.); (L.O.S.S.); (M.M.I.); (J.A.P.-R.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Lana O’Hara Souza Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences II, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.L.E.M.); (L.O.S.S.); (M.M.I.); (J.A.P.-R.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Moises Morais Inácio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences II, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.L.E.M.); (L.O.S.S.); (M.M.I.); (J.A.P.-R.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
- Estácio de Goiás University Center—FESGO, Goiânia 74063-010, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Parente-Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences II, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.L.E.M.); (L.O.S.S.); (M.M.I.); (J.A.P.-R.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Orville Hernandez Ruiz
- MICROBA Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Microbiology, School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Simone Schneider Weber
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79304-902, MS, Brazil;
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences II, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.L.E.M.); (L.O.S.S.); (M.M.I.); (J.A.P.-R.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences II, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.L.E.M.); (L.O.S.S.); (M.M.I.); (J.A.P.-R.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
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3
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Silva LOS, Baeza LC, Pigosso LL, Silva KSFE, Pereira M, de Carvalho Júnior MAB, de Almeida Soares CM. The Response of Paracoccidioides lutzii to the Interaction with Human Neutrophils. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1088. [PMID: 37998893 PMCID: PMC10672145 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides lutzii causes systemic mycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which presents a broad distribution in Latin America. Upon infection, the fungus undergoes a morphological transition to yeast cells and provokes an inflammatory granulomatous reaction with a high number of neutrophils in the lungs. In this work, we employed proteomic analysis to investigate the in vitro response of the fungus to the interaction with human neutrophils. Proteomic profiling of P. lutzii yeast cells harvested at 2 and 4 h post interaction with human polymorphonuclear cells allowed the identification of 505 proteins differentially accumulated. The data indicated that P. lutzii yeast cells underwent a shift in metabolism from glycolysis to Beta oxidation, increasing enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle and upregulating enzymes related to the detoxification of oxidative and heat shock stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study employing proteomic analysis in the investigation of the response of a member of the Paracoccidioides genus to the interaction with neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana O’Hara Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (L.O.S.S.); (L.L.P.); (K.S.F.e.S.); (M.P.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.)
| | - Lilian Cristiane Baeza
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Micologia Médica, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel 85819-110, PR, Brazil;
| | - Laurine Lacerda Pigosso
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (L.O.S.S.); (L.L.P.); (K.S.F.e.S.); (M.P.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.)
| | - Kleber Santiago Freitas e Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (L.O.S.S.); (L.L.P.); (K.S.F.e.S.); (M.P.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.)
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (L.O.S.S.); (L.L.P.); (K.S.F.e.S.); (M.P.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.)
| | - Marcos Antonio Batista de Carvalho Júnior
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (L.O.S.S.); (L.L.P.); (K.S.F.e.S.); (M.P.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.)
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (L.O.S.S.); (L.L.P.); (K.S.F.e.S.); (M.P.); (M.A.B.d.C.J.)
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4
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Cordeiro MCC, Tomé FD, Arruda FS, da Fonseca SG, Nagib PRA, Celes MRN. Curcumin as a Stabilizer of Macrophage Polarization during Plasmodium Infection. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2505. [PMID: 37896265 PMCID: PMC10610200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic infection responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. During the disease, phagocytosis of infected red blood cells by the macrophages induces the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), culminating in parasite death. Curcumin (CUR) is a bioactive compound that has been demonstrated to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines produced by macrophages but to reduce parasitemia in infected mice. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to investigate whether curcumin may interfere with macrophage function and polarization after Plasmodium berghei infection in vitro. In our findings, non-polarized macrophage (M0), classically activated (M1), and alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes showed significantly increased phagocytosis of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) when compared to phagocytosis of uninfected red blood cells (RBCs) 3 h after infection. After 24 h, M1 macrophages exposed to RBCs + CUR showed greater elimination capacity when compared to macrophages exposed to iRBCs + CUR, suggesting the interference of curcumin with the microbicidal activity. Additionally, curcumin increased the phagocytic activity of macrophages when used in non-inflammatory conditions (M0) and reduced the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase activities in all macrophage phenotypes infected (M0, M1, and M2), suggesting interference in arginine availability by curcumin and balance promotion in macrophage polarization in neutral phenotype (M0). These results support the view of curcumin treatment in malaria as an adjuvant, promoting a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses for a better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara C. Cordeiro
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil; (M.C.C.C.); (F.D.T.); (F.S.A.); (S.G.d.F.)
| | - Fernanda D. Tomé
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil; (M.C.C.C.); (F.D.T.); (F.S.A.); (S.G.d.F.)
| | - Felipe S. Arruda
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil; (M.C.C.C.); (F.D.T.); (F.S.A.); (S.G.d.F.)
| | - Simone Gonçalves da Fonseca
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil; (M.C.C.C.); (F.D.T.); (F.S.A.); (S.G.d.F.)
| | - Patrícia R. A. Nagib
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Mara R. N. Celes
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil; (M.C.C.C.); (F.D.T.); (F.S.A.); (S.G.d.F.)
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5
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Krawczak FDS, Calchi AC, Neves LC, Dias SA, da Silva BBF, Paula WVDF, de Paula LGF, Tavares MA, Pádua GT, de Lima NJ, Cardoso ERN, Graziani D, Dantas-Torres F, André MR. Phylogenetic Inferences Based on Distinct Molecular Markers Confirm a Novel Babesia Species ( Babesia goianiaensis nov. sp.) in Capybaras ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) and Associated Ticks. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2022. [PMID: 37630582 PMCID: PMC10459827 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Piroplasmids (order Piroplasmida) are a diverse group of tick-borne protozoa that may cause disease in animals and occasionally in humans. Novel Piroplasmida clades and species have been found in wild animals from Brazil based on the phylogenetic assessment of near-complete 18S rRNA, mitochondrial and heat-shock protein genes. For instance, a putative novel Babesia species has been detected in capybaras and Amblyomma ticks in three Brazilian states. The present work aimed to describe, using phylogenetic assessments based on distinct molecular markers, this novel Babesia species in capybaras and associated ticks (Amblyomma sculptum and Amblyomma dubitatum) sampled in Goiânia city, Goiás state, midwestern Brazil. While the phylogenetic analysis based on both near-complete 18S rRNA and hsp-70 genes positioned the sequences obtained from capybara blood samples into a new clade sister to the Babesia sensu stricto clade, the phylogenetic inference based on the COX-3 amino acid positioned the obtained sequences from capybara blood samples and A. sculptum ticks also into a clade sister to the Theileria sensu stricto clade, highlighting the inappropriateness of this marker inferring evolutionary relationships among piroplasmids. Pairwise distance analysis demonstrated that the divergence rates between the 18S rRNA sequences detected in capybaras and other Piroplasmida already described were very high and ranged from 9.4 to 12.9%. Genotype analysis based on the near-full 18S rRNA sequences of the Piroplasmida detected in capybaras and associated ticks demonstrated the occurrence of high genotype diversity at an intra-species level. In conclusion, phylogenetic analyses based on distinct molecular markers supported the description of Babesia goianiaensis nov. sp. in capybaras and associated Amblyomma ticks. Additionally, a novel phylogenetic clade, apart from the previously described ones, was described in the present study and contributed to untangling the complex evolutionary history of the Piroplasmida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe da Silva Krawczak
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Ana Cláudia Calchi
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cardoso Neves
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Sarah Alves Dias
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Bianca Barbara Fonseca da Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Luiza Gabriella Ferreira de Paula
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Mariana Avelar Tavares
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Gracielle Teles Pádua
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Nicolas Jalowitzki de Lima
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Ennya Rafaella Neves Cardoso
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniel Graziani
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil; (F.d.S.K.); (L.C.N.); (S.A.D.); (B.B.F.d.S.); (L.G.F.d.P.); (M.A.T.); (G.T.P.); (N.J.d.L.); (E.R.N.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, Brazil;
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
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6
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Moreira SMBP, Bachi ALL, Jirjos EI, Malheiros CA, Vencio S, Alves VLS, Sousa ART, Felipe LA, Perez EA, Lino MEM, Souza SKA, Santos JMB, Oliveira MC, Fonseca AL, Silva CHM, Vieira RP, Insalaco G, Freitas Júnior WR, Oliveira LVF. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Improves Adiponectin to Leptin Ratio and Inflammatory Profile in Severely Obese Women with and without Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3312. [PMID: 37571250 PMCID: PMC10421521 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a troubling public health problem as it increases risks of sleep disorders, respiratory complications, systemic arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). As a measure to counteract comorbidities associated with severe obesity, bariatric surgery stands out. This study aimed to investigate the adiponectin/leptin ratio in women with severe obesity with and without MetS who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to characterize the biochemical, glucose, and inflammatory parameters of blood in women with severe obesity before and after RYGB. Were enrolled females with severe obesity undergoing RYGP with MetS (n = 11) and without (n = 39). Anthropometric data and circulating levels of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), adiponectin, and leptin were assessed before and 6 months after RYGB. Significant reductions in weight, body mass index, and glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, and leptin were observed after surgery, with higher levels of HDL, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio being observed after surgery compared to the preoperative values of those. This study demonstrated that weight loss induced by RYGB in patients with severe obesity with or without MetS improved biochemical and systemic inflammatory parameters, particularly the adiponectin/leptin ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. B. P. Moreira
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil; (S.M.B.P.M.); (E.I.J.); (C.A.M.); (V.L.S.A.); (A.R.T.S.); (L.A.F.); (E.A.P.); (W.R.F.J.)
| | - André L. L. Bachi
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, SP, Brazil;
| | - Elias I. Jirjos
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil; (S.M.B.P.M.); (E.I.J.); (C.A.M.); (V.L.S.A.); (A.R.T.S.); (L.A.F.); (E.A.P.); (W.R.F.J.)
| | - Carlos A. Malheiros
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil; (S.M.B.P.M.); (E.I.J.); (C.A.M.); (V.L.S.A.); (A.R.T.S.); (L.A.F.); (E.A.P.); (W.R.F.J.)
| | - Sergio Vencio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Goiania 74175-100, GO, Brazil;
| | - Vera L. S. Alves
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil; (S.M.B.P.M.); (E.I.J.); (C.A.M.); (V.L.S.A.); (A.R.T.S.); (L.A.F.); (E.A.P.); (W.R.F.J.)
| | - Alan R. T. Sousa
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil; (S.M.B.P.M.); (E.I.J.); (C.A.M.); (V.L.S.A.); (A.R.T.S.); (L.A.F.); (E.A.P.); (W.R.F.J.)
| | - Lucenda A. Felipe
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil; (S.M.B.P.M.); (E.I.J.); (C.A.M.); (V.L.S.A.); (A.R.T.S.); (L.A.F.); (E.A.P.); (W.R.F.J.)
| | - Eduardo A. Perez
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil; (S.M.B.P.M.); (E.I.J.); (C.A.M.); (V.L.S.A.); (A.R.T.S.); (L.A.F.); (E.A.P.); (W.R.F.J.)
| | - Maria E. M. Lino
- Scientific Initiation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (M.E.M.L.); (S.K.A.S.)
| | - Shayra K. A. Souza
- Scientific Initiation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (M.E.M.L.); (S.K.A.S.)
| | - Juliana M. B. Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05360-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Miriã C. Oliveira
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (M.C.O.); (A.L.F.); (C.H.M.S.); (R.P.V.)
| | - Adriano L. Fonseca
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (M.C.O.); (A.L.F.); (C.H.M.S.); (R.P.V.)
| | - Carlos H. M. Silva
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (M.C.O.); (A.L.F.); (C.H.M.S.); (R.P.V.)
| | - Rodolfo P. Vieira
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (M.C.O.); (A.L.F.); (C.H.M.S.); (R.P.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Insalaco
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Wilson R. Freitas Júnior
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil; (S.M.B.P.M.); (E.I.J.); (C.A.M.); (V.L.S.A.); (A.R.T.S.); (L.A.F.); (E.A.P.); (W.R.F.J.)
| | - Luis V. F. Oliveira
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil; (S.M.B.P.M.); (E.I.J.); (C.A.M.); (V.L.S.A.); (A.R.T.S.); (L.A.F.); (E.A.P.); (W.R.F.J.)
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (M.C.O.); (A.L.F.); (C.H.M.S.); (R.P.V.)
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Bailão AM, Silva KLPD, Moraes D, Lechner B, Lindner H, Haas H, Soares CMA, Silva-Bailão MG. Iron Starvation Induces Ferricrocin Production and the Reductive Iron Acquisition System in the Chromoblastomycosis Agent Cladophialophora carrionii. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:727. [PMID: 37504717 PMCID: PMC10382037 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a micronutrient required by almost all living organisms. Despite being essential, the availability of this metal is low in aerobic environments. Additionally, mammalian hosts evolved strategies to restrict iron from invading microorganisms. In this scenario, the survival of pathogenic fungi depends on high-affinity iron uptake mechanisms. Here, we show that the production of siderophores and the reductive iron acquisition system (RIA) are employed by Cladophialophora carrionii under iron restriction. This black fungus is one of the causative agents of chromoblastomycosis, a neglected subcutaneous tropical disease. Siderophore biosynthesis genes are arranged in clusters and, interestingly, two RIA systems are present in the genome. Orthologs of putative siderophore transporters were identified as well. Iron starvation regulates the expression of genes related to both siderophore production and RIA systems, as well as of two transcription factors that regulate iron homeostasis in fungi. A chrome azurol S assay demonstrated the secretion of hydroxamate-type siderophores, which were further identified via RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry as ferricrocin. An analysis of cell extracts also revealed ferricrocin as an intracellular siderophore. The presence of active high-affinity iron acquisition systems may surely contribute to fungal survival during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Moraes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Beatrix Lechner
- Institute of Molecular Biology/Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 795J+RF Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry/Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 795J+RF Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Institute of Molecular Biology/Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 795J+RF Innsbruck, Austria
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Ramos ACM, Rezende KR, Teixeira CM, Fernandes AR, Santos H, Machado RD, Menegatti R, Vaz BG, Chaves AR. Bioanalytical LC-QTOF/MS Method for a N-phenylpiperazine Derivate (LQFM05): An Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-like Prototype Drug Applied to Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:930. [PMID: 37513842 PMCID: PMC10383682 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The LQFM05 is a prototype drug designed for treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, exhibiting anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like (12 or 24 µmol/kg) effects in classical behavioral tests. In order to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties, a liquid chromatography method coupled to a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry system (LC-QTOF/MS) was developed and fully validated for LQFM05 analysis in rat plasma and tissue samples (brain, heart, liver, and kidneys). Liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and protein precipitation were assessed as clean-up procedures for biological samples and analyte enrichment. Plasma and tissue samples underwent protein precipitation as a preliminary step, using acetonitrile. Linearity was fully demonstrated for the dynamic range (10.0 to 900.0 ng/mL), with r2 values higher than 0.99 (RSDslope ≤ 2%, Fcal < Ftab, Ccal < Ctab). Biodistribution studies in rats revealed high brain tissue concentrations (12.4 µg/g), suggesting elevated drug affinity to the main therapeutic target tissue, showing a blood partition coefficient of 1.9. Kidneys also showed great exposure and tissue affinity, suggesting a potential extrahepatic clearance. Likewise, all examined tissues exhibited satisfactory LQFMF05 distribution. The mass fragmentation spectrum indicated the presence of its main metabolite, LQFM235, yielded by high hepatic hydroxylation route, an equally bioactive derivative. Lastly, the developed LC-QTOF/MS method was shown to be sensitive (LOQ = 10 ng/mL), precise and accurate for LQFM05 determination in tissue homogenates and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia M Ramos
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics (BioPK), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Kênnia R Rezende
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics (BioPK), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics (BioPK), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline R Fernandes
- Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (LaCEM), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Heloa Santos
- Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (LaCEM), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Rúbia Darc Machado
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics (BioPK), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry (LQFM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (LaCEM), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Andréa R Chaves
- Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (LaCEM), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
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Abstract
The destruction of natural vegetation in recent decades has been concentrated in the tropics, where ecosystem processes underpin global homeostasis and harbor most of the world’s biodiversity. Protected areas (PAs) are the primary societal tool to avoid this destruction, yet their effectiveness is often questioned. Here, we quantified the impact of PAs and indigenous lands in avoiding 34 years of vegetation destruction in forested and nonforested biomes in Brazil. We showed that the odds of destruction in the PA network are four times lower than in unprotected areas, and generally, this positive effect extends to a buffer zone around PAs. Among the most effective groups of PAs are those that are older, larger, located in the Amazonian region, and indigenous lands. Despite recent setbacks for the Brazilian PA system, we highlight the benefits of PAs for biodiversity and climate if they were instead strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonçalves-Souza
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bruno Vilela
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ben Phalan
- Centre for Conservation of Atlantic Forest Birds, Instituto Claravis, Parque das Aves, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
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Pinheiro DS, Santos RDS, de Brito RB, Cruz AHDS, Ghedini PC, Reis AAS. GSTM1/GSTT1 double-null genotype increases risk of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A genetic association study in Brazilian patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183812. [PMID: 28837637 PMCID: PMC5570380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of oxidative stress in schizophrenia has been demonstrated, particularly in subjects with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). In such patients, the decreased levels of antioxidants in conjunction with the increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the brain exposes the neurons to a higher risk of damage. METHODS AND FINDINGS We evaluated the association of deletion polymorphisms of two genes of the antioxidant Glutathione S-Transferase family, GSTT1 and GSTM1, with susceptibility to TRS. A total of 54 TRS patients (mean age 38.7 years) and 78 healthy control subjects (mean age 39.0 years) were enrolled in this study. The subjects were matched by sex, age, and smoking and alcohol consumption habits. In the case group, the frequencies of GSTT1-null and GSTM1-null genotypes were 24.1 and 51.9%, respectively, whereas for the control group, the frequencies were 12.8 and 46.2%, respectively. Analysis performed with respect to the risk of developing TRS associated with the GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion polymorphisms, resulted in odds ratio (OR) values of 2.1 and 1.2, respectively. However, the association was not found to be significant (p = 0.1229 and p = 0.5916, respectively). The analysis performed with respect to the combined genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 revealed that the double-null genotype confers a 4.6-fold increased risk of developing TRS (p = 0.0412). CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that a combination of GST deficiencies may play a role in enhanced susceptibility to TRS, and the present genotype of one of these genes may buffer the deficiency caused by the lack (null genotype) of the other. The results suggest that combined deletion polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 can have implications in the prediction of the clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise S. Pinheiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da S. Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Department of Nature Sciences (LEdoC), Special Academic Unit of Human Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B. de Brito
- Brain Institute, Bueno Medical Center, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Helena da S. Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Ghedini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Angela A. S. Reis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB II), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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