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Zhang X, Hu X, Xie Y, Xie L, Chen X, Peng M, Li D, Deng J, Xiao D, Yang X. Metformin-Loaded Chitosan Hydrogels Suppress Bladder Tumor Growth in an Orthotopic Mouse Model via Intravesical Administration. Molecules 2023; 28:6720. [PMID: 37764495 PMCID: PMC10534355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that the intravesical perfusion of metformin has excellent inhibitory effects against bladder cancer (BC). However, this administration route allows the drug to be diluted and excreted in urine. Therefore, increasing the adhesion of metformin to the bladder mucosal layer may prolong the retention time and increase the pharmacological activity. It is well known that chitosan (Cs) has a strong adhesion to the bladder mucosal layer. Thus, this study established a novel formulation of metformin to enhance its antitumor activity by extending its retention time. In this research, we prepared Cs freeze-dried powder and investigated the effect of metformin-loaded chitosan hydrogels (MLCH) in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that MLCH had a strong inhibitory effect against proliferation and colony formation in vitro. The reduction in BC weight and the expression of tumor biomarkers in orthotopic mice showed the robust antitumor activity of MLCH via intravesical administration in vivo. The non-toxic profile of MLCH was observed as well, using histological examinations. Mechanistically, MLCH showed stronger functional activation of the AMPKα/mTOR signaling pathway compared with metformin alone. These findings aim to make this novel formulation an efficient candidate for managing BC via intravesical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Yijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Lejing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Xiangyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Mei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Duo Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (X.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (X.C.); (M.P.); (D.L.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China
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