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Bobić M, Christensen JB, Lee H, Choulilitsa E, Czerska K, Togno M, Safai S, Yukihara EG, Winey BA, Lomax AJ, Paganetti H, Albertini F, Nesteruk KP. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters for simultaneous measurement of point dose and dose-weighted LET in an adaptive proton therapy workflow. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1333039. [PMID: 38510267 PMCID: PMC10951997 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1333039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To demonstrate the suitability of optically stimulated luminescence detectors (OSLDs) for accurate simultaneous measurement of the absolute point dose and dose-weighted linear energy transfer (LETD) in an anthropomorphic phantom for experimental validation of daily adaptive proton therapy. Methods A clinically realistic intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) treatment plan was created based on a CT of an anthropomorphic head-and-neck phantom made of tissue-equivalent material. The IMPT plan was optimized with three fields to deliver a uniform dose to the target volume covering the OSLDs. Different scenarios representing inter-fractional anatomical changes were created by modifying the phantom. An online adaptive proton therapy workflow was used to recover the daily dose distribution and account for the applied geometry changes. To validate the adaptive workflow, measurements were performed by irradiating Al2O3:C OSLDs inside the phantom. In addition to the measurements, retrospective Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare the absolute dose and dose-averaged LET (LETD) delivered to the OSLDs. Results The online adaptive proton therapy workflow was shown to recover significant degradation in dose conformity resulting from large anatomical and positioning deviations from the reference plan. The Monte Carlo simulations were in close agreement with the OSLD measurements, with an average relative error of 1.4% for doses and 3.2% for LETD. The use of OSLDs for LET determination allowed for a correction for the ionization quenched response. Conclusion The OSLDs appear to be an excellent detector for simultaneously assessing dose and LET distributions in proton irradiation of an anthropomorphic phantom. The OSLDs can be cut to almost any size and shape, making them ideal for in-phantom measurements to probe the radiation quality and dose in a predefined region of interest. Although we have presented the results obtained in the experimental validation of an adaptive proton therapy workflow, the same approach can be generalized and used for a variety of clinical innovations and workflow developments that require accurate assessment of point dose and/or average LET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mislav Bobić
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Hoyeon Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Evangelia Choulilitsa
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian A. Winey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Antony J. Lomax
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Konrad P. Nesteruk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Bühler MM, Kulis M, Duran‐Ferrer M, López C, Clot G, Nadeu F, Romo M, Giné E, López‐Guillermo A, Beà S, Campo E, Martín‐Subero JI. Robust identification of conventional and leukemic nonnodal mantle cell lymphomas using epigenetic biomarkers. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e30. [PMID: 38434527 PMCID: PMC10878179 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Bühler
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Pathology and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marta Kulis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Martí Duran‐Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristina López
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Guillem Clot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Mònica Romo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Eva Giné
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Hematology DepartmentHospital ClínicBarcelonaSpain
| | - Armando López‐Guillermo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- Hematology DepartmentHospital ClínicBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology DepartmentHospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain
| | - Elías Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology DepartmentHospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain
| | - José Ignacio Martín‐Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
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3
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Aceto N. Alone you go faster, together you go farther. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:3-5. [PMID: 37899655 PMCID: PMC10766194 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic process is an extraordinarily complex step-by-step procedure, characterized by many analogies with migratory patterns of humans or animals across our planet. The ongoing interrogation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), caught in the act of spreading from one location to another, is revealing distinct behaviors including biological, physical, and mechanical features that impact on their likelihood to form metastasis. In this viewpoint, I will discuss some of these findings and provide a perspective on the metastatic journey, open questions and opportunities to exploit some of the most recent discoveries for the development of antimetastasis medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich)ZurichSwitzerland
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4
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Nenoff L, Amstutz F, Murr M, Archibald-Heeren B, Fusella M, Hussein M, Lechner W, Zhang Y, Sharp G, Vasquez Osorio E. Review and recommendations on deformable image registration uncertainties for radiotherapy applications. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:24TR01. [PMID: 37972540 PMCID: PMC10725576 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad0d8a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Deformable image registration (DIR) is a versatile tool used in many applications in radiotherapy (RT). DIR algorithms have been implemented in many commercial treatment planning systems providing accessible and easy-to-use solutions. However, the geometric uncertainty of DIR can be large and difficult to quantify, resulting in barriers to clinical practice. Currently, there is no agreement in the RT community on how to quantify these uncertainties and determine thresholds that distinguish a good DIR result from a poor one. This review summarises the current literature on sources of DIR uncertainties and their impact on RT applications. Recommendations are provided on how to handle these uncertainties for patient-specific use, commissioning, and research. Recommendations are also provided for developers and vendors to help users to understand DIR uncertainties and make the application of DIR in RT safer and more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Nenoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Dresden Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Amstutz
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Division of Medical Radiation Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Murr
- Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Marco Fusella
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Abano Terme Hospital, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hussein
- Metrology for Medical Physics, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Lechner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ye Zhang
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Greg Sharp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Eliana Vasquez Osorio
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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5
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Belle FN, Schindera C, Ansari M, Armstrong GT, Beck‐Popovic M, Howell R, Leisenring WM, Meacham LR, Rössler J, Spycher BD, Tonorezos E, von der Weid NX, Yasui Y, Oeffinger KC, Kuehni CE. Risk factors for overweight and obesity after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in North America and Switzerland: A comparison of two cohort studies. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20423-20436. [PMID: 37807946 PMCID: PMC10652345 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), sequelae include overweight and obesity, yet with conflicting evidence. We compared the prevalence of overweight and obesity between ≥5-year ALL survivors from the North American Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (SCCSS) and described risk factors. METHODS We included adult childhood ALL survivors diagnosed between 1976 and 1999. We matched CCSS participants (3:1) to SCCSS participants by sex and attained age. We calculated body mass index (BMI) from self-reported height and weight for 1287 CCSS and 429 SCCSS participants; we then compared those with siblings (2034) in North America and Switzerland (678) siblings. We assessed risk factors for overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 ) and obesity (≥30 kg/m2 ) using multinomial regression. RESULTS We found overweight and obesity significantly more common among survivors in North America when compared with survivors in Switzerland [overweight: 30%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 27-32 vs. 24%, 21-29; obesity: 29%, 27-32 vs. 7%, 5-10] and siblings (overweight: 30%, 27-32 vs. 25%, 22-29; obesity: 24%, 22-26 vs. 6%, 4-8). Survivors in North America [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 1.01-1.53] and Switzerland (1.27, 0.74-2.21) were slightly more often obese than siblings. Among survivors, risk factors for obesity included residency in North America (5.8, 3.7-9.0); male (1.7, 1.3-2.3); attained age (≥45 years: 5.1, 2.4-10.8); Non-Hispanic Black (3.4, 1.6-7.0); low household income (2.3, 1.4-3.5); young age at diagnosis (1.6, 1.1-2.2). Cranial radiotherapy ≥18 Gray was only a risk factor for overweight (1.4, 1.0-1.8); steroids were not associated with overweight or obesity. Interaction tests found no evidence of difference in risk factors between cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Although treatment-related risk for overweight and obesity were similar between regions, higher prevalence among survivors in North America identifies important sociodemographic drivers for informing health policy and targeted intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiën N. Belle
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté)University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Christina Schindera
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, University Children's Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Cansearch Research platform for pediatric oncology and hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and ObstetricsUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Gregory T. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer ControlSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalTennesseeMemphisUSA
| | - Maja Beck‐Popovic
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology UnitUniversity Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Rebecca Howell
- Department of Radiation PhysicsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Lillian R. Meacham
- Aflac Cancer CenterChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jochen Rössler
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital BernUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Ben D. Spycher
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Emily Tonorezos
- Division of Cancer Control and Population SciencesNational Cancer InstituteRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Nicolas X. von der Weid
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, University Children's Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer ControlSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalTennesseeMemphisUSA
| | - Kevin C. Oeffinger
- Department of MedicineDuke University and Duke Cancer InstituteDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Claudia E. Kuehni
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital BernUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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6
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Shui S, Buckley S, Scheller L, Correia BE. Rational design of small-molecule responsive protein switches. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4774. [PMID: 37656809 PMCID: PMC10510469 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule responsive protein switches are powerful tools for controlling cellular processes. These switches are designed to respond rapidly and specifically to their inducer. They have been used in numerous applications, including the regulation of gene expression, post-translational protein modification, and signal transduction. Typically, small-molecule responsive protein switches consist of two proteins that interact with each other in the presence or absence of a small molecule. Recent advances in computational protein design already contributed to the development of protein switches with an expanded range of small-molecule inducers and increasingly sophisticated switch mechanisms. Further progress in the engineering of small-molecule responsive switches is fueled by cutting-edge computational design approaches, which will enable more complex and precise control over cellular processes and advance synthetic biology applications in biotechnology and medicine. Here, we discuss recent milestones and how technological advances are impacting the development of chemical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailan Shui
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI)STI, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Stephen Buckley
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI)STI, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Leo Scheller
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI)STI, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Bruno E. Correia
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI)STI, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)LausanneSwitzerland
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7
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von Gunten S, Schneider C, Imamovic L, Gorochov G. Antibody diversity in IVIG: Therapeutic opportunities for novel immunotherapeutic drugs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166821. [PMID: 37063852 PMCID: PMC10090664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the elucidation of human antibody repertoires. Furthermore, non-canonical functions of antibodies have been identified that reach beyond classical functions linked to protection from pathogens. Polyclonal immunoglobulin preparations such as IVIG and SCIG represent the IgG repertoire of the donor population and will likely remain the cornerstone of antibody replacement therapy in immunodeficiencies. However, novel evidence suggests that pooled IgA might promote orthobiotic microbial colonization in gut dysbiosis linked to mucosal IgA immunodeficiency. Plasma-derived polyclonal IgG and IgA exhibit immunoregulatory effects by a diversity of different mechanisms, which have inspired the development of novel drugs. Here we highlight recent insights into IgG and IgA repertoires and discuss potential implications for polyclonal immunoglobulin therapy and inspired drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Stephan von Gunten,
| | | | - Lejla Imamovic
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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8
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Antonello P, Pizzagalli DU, Foglierini M, Melgrati S, Radice E, Thelen S, Thelen M. ACKR3 promotes CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated cell-to-cell-induced lymphoma migration through LTB4 production. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1067885. [PMID: 36713377 PMCID: PMC9878562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis is an essential physiological process, often harnessed by tumors for metastasis. CXCR4, its ligand CXCL12 and the atypical receptor ACKR3 are overexpressed in many human cancers. Interfering with this axis by ACKR3 deletion impairs lymphoma cell migration towards CXCL12. Here, we propose a model of how ACKR3 controls the migration of the diffused large B-cell lymphoma VAL cells in vitro and in vivo in response to CXCL12. VAL cells expressing full-length ACKR3, but not a truncated version missing the C-terminus, can support the migration of VAL cells lacking ACKR3 (VAL-ko) when allowed to migrate together. This migration of VAL-ko cells is pertussis toxin-sensitive suggesting the involvement of a Gi-protein coupled receptor. RNAseq analysis indicate the expression of chemotaxis-mediating LTB4 receptors in VAL cells. We found that LTB4 acts synergistically with CXCL12 in stimulating the migration of VAL cells. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of BLT1R markedly reduces chemotaxis towards CXCL12 suggesting that LTB4 enhances in a contact-independent manner the migration of lymphoma cells. The results unveil a novel mechanism of cell-to-cell-induced migration of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Antonello
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diego U. Pizzagalli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Euler Institute, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Foglierini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serena Melgrati
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Egle Radice
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Thelen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Haas Q, Markov N, Muerner L, Rubino V, Benjak A, Haubitz M, Baerlocher GM, Ng CKY, Münz C, Riether C, Ochsenbein AF, Simon HU, von Gunten S. Siglec-7 represents a glyco-immune checkpoint for non-exhausted effector memory CD8+ T cells with high functional and metabolic capacities. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996746. [PMID: 36211376 PMCID: PMC9540514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While inhibitory Siglec receptors are known to regulate myeloid cells, less is known about their expression and function in lymphocytes subsets. Here we identified Siglec-7 as a glyco-immune checkpoint expressed on non-exhausted effector memory CD8+ T cells that exhibit high functional and metabolic capacities. Seahorse analysis revealed higher basal respiration and glycolysis levels of Siglec-7+ CD8+ T cells in steady state, and particularly upon activation. Siglec-7 polarization into the T cell immune synapse was dependent on sialoglycan interactions in trans and prevented actin polarization and effective T cell responses. Siglec-7 ligands were found to be expressed on both leukemic stem cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells suggesting the occurrence of glyco-immune checkpoints for Siglec-7+ CD8+ T cells, which were found in patients’ peripheral blood and bone marrow. Our findings project Siglec-7 as a glyco-immune checkpoint and therapeutic target for T cell-driven disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nikita Markov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Muerner
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Rubino
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Benjak
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monika Haubitz
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Experimental Hematology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M. Baerlocher
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Experimental Hematology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K. Y. Ng
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F. Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Stephan von Gunten,
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10
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Schwestermann J, Besse A, Driessen C, Besse L. Contribution of the Tumor Microenvironment to Metabolic Changes Triggering Resistance of Multiple Myeloma to Proteasome Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899272. [PMID: 35692781 PMCID: PMC9178120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all patients with multiple myeloma become unresponsive to treatment with proteasome inhibitors over time. Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma is accompanied by the clonal evolution of myeloma cells with heterogeneous genomic aberrations, diverse proteomic and metabolic alterations, and profound changes of the bone marrow microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive resistance to proteasome inhibitors within the context of the bone marrow microenvironment remain elusive. In this review article, we summarize the latest knowledge about the complex interaction of malignant plasma cells with its surrounding microenvironment. We discuss the pivotal role of metabolic reprograming of malignant plasma cells within the tumor microenvironment with a subsequent focus on metabolic rewiring in plasma cells upon treatment with proteasome inhibitors, driving multiple ways of adaptation to the treatment. At the same time, mutual interaction of plasma cells with the surrounding tumor microenvironment drives multiple metabolic alterations in the bone marrow. This provides a tumor-promoting environment, but at the same time may offer novel therapeutic options for the treatment of relapsed/refractory myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lenka Besse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Clinics for Medical Hematology and Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Abstract
Tumor cells show widespread genetic alterations that change the expression of genes driving tumor progression, including genes that maintain genomic integrity. In recent years, it has become clear that tumors frequently reactivate genes whose expression is typically restricted to germ cells. As germ cells have specialized pathways to facilitate the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes, their aberrant regulation influences how cancer cells repair DNA double strand breaks (DSB). This drives genomic instability and affects the response of tumor cells to anticancer therapies. Since meiotic genes are usually transcriptionally repressed in somatic cells of healthy tissues, targeting aberrantly expressed meiotic genes may provide a unique opportunity to specifically kill cancer cells whilst sparing the non-transformed somatic cells. In this review, we highlight meiotic genes that have been reported to affect DSB repair in cancers derived from somatic cells. A better understanding of their mechanistic role in the context of homology-directed DNA repair in somatic cancers may provide useful insights to find novel vulnerabilities that can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Lingg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Sven Rottenberg, ; Paola Francica,
| | - Paola Francica
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Sven Rottenberg, ; Paola Francica,
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12
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Waeckerle-Men Y, Kotkowska ZK, Bono G, Duda A, Kolm I, Varypataki EM, Amstutz B, Meuli M, Høgset A, Kündig TM, Halin C, Sander P, Johansen P. Photochemically-Mediated Inflammation and Cross-Presentation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Proteins Stimulates Strong CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Responses in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:815609. [PMID: 35173729 PMCID: PMC8841863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional vaccines are very efficient in the prevention of bacterial infections caused by extracellular pathogens due to effective stimulation of pathogen-specific antibodies. In contrast, considering that intracellular surveillance by antibodies is not possible, they are typically less effective in preventing or treating infections caused by intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective of the current study was to use so-called photochemical internalization (PCI) to deliver a live bacterial vaccine to the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for the purpose of stimulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I-restricted CD8 T-cell responses. For this purpose, Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) was combined with the photosensitiser tetraphenyl chlorine disulfonate (TPCS2a) and injected intradermally into mice. TPCS2a was then activated by illumination of the injection site with light of defined energy. Antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were monitored in blood, spleen, and lymph nodes at different time points thereafter using flow cytometry, ELISA and ELISPOT. Finally, APCs were infected and PCI-treated in vitro for analysis of their activation of T cells in vitro or in vivo after autologous vaccination of mice. Combination of BCG with PCI induced stronger BCG-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses than treatment with BCG only or with BCG and TPCS2a without light. The overall T-cell responses were multifunctional as characterized by the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-17. Importantly, PCI induced cross-presentation of BCG proteins for stimulation of antigen-specific CD8 T-cells that were particularly producing IFN-γ and TNF-α. PCI further facilitated antigen presentation by causing up-regulation of MHC and co-stimulatory proteins on the surface of APCs as well as their production of TNF-α and IL-1β in vivo. Furthermore, PCI-based vaccination also caused local inflammation at the site of vaccination, showing strong infiltration of immune cells, which could contribute to the stimulation of antigen-specific immune responses. This study is the first to demonstrate that a live microbial vaccine can be combined with a photochemical compound and light for cross presentation of antigens to CD8 T cells. Moreover, the results revealed that PCI treatment strongly improved the immunogenicity of M. bovis BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Waeckerle-Men
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanna K. Kotkowska
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Bono
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agathe Duda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleni M. Varypataki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Amstutz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Meuli
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas M. Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center for Mycobacteria, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Pål Johansen,
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