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Pais A, Alves JL, Jorge RN, Belinha J. Multiscale Homogenization Techniques for TPMS Foam Material for Biomedical Structural Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050515. [PMID: 37237585 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiscale techniques, namely homogenization, result in significant computational time savings in the analysis of complex structures such as lattice structures, as in many cases it is inefficient to model a periodic structure in full detail in its entire domain. The elastic and plastic properties of two TPMS-based cellular structures, the gyroid, and the primitive surface are studied in this work through numerical homogenization. The study enabled the development of material laws for the homogenized Young's modulus and homogenized yield stress, which correlated well with experimental data from the literature. It is possible to use the developed material laws to run optimization analyses and develop optimized functionally graded structures for structural applications or reduced stress shielding in bio-applications. Thus, this work presents a study case of a functionally graded optimized femoral stem where it was shown that the porous femoral stem built with Ti-6Al-4V can minimize stress shielding while maintaining the necessary load-bearing capacity. It was shown that the stiffness of cementless femoral stem implant with a graded gyroid foam presents stiffness that is comparable to that of trabecular bone. Moreover, the maximum stress in the implant is lower than the maximum stress in trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pais
- INEGI-Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lino Alves
- INEGI-Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Natal Jorge
- INEGI-Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Belinha
- INEGI-Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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Castro FVR, Andrade MA, Sanches Silva A, Vaz MF, Vilarinho F. The Contribution of a Whey Protein Film Incorporated with Green Tea Extract to Minimize the Lipid Oxidation of Salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Foods 2019; 8:E327. [PMID: 31398827 PMCID: PMC6723522 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Active packaging is becoming progressively more significant as a response to the dynamic changes in current consumer demand and market tendencies. Active packaging is projected to interact directly with the packaged food or with the headspace within the package with the aim of maintaining or extending product quality and shelf-life. Aiming for sustainability, the potential application as biodegradable films of whey protein concentrate (WPC) was evaluated. Aromatic plant's extracts present high antioxidant properties, representing an alternative for synthetic food additives. The main objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of an edible WPC film incorporated with a plant-based extract on retarding the lipid oxidation of fresh salmon. Green tea extract (GTE) was chosen to be incorporated into the active film. Fresh salmon was packaged with the control film (WPC) and with active film (WPC-GTE). The oxidation level of non-packaged samples and packaged samples were tested for different storage times. Four methods were applied to evaluate lipid oxidation state of fresh salmon: peroxide value, p-anisidine value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, and monitoring of hexanal. The results obtained in this study indicate that the whey protein active film was successfully produced, and it was effective in delaying lipid oxidation of fresh salmon samples until the 14th day of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico V R Castro
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana A Andrade
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Fátima Vaz
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Vilarinho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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