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Han SH, Park N. Heterogeneous Effects of Volunteering on Frailty in Later Life: A Panel Quantile Regression Approach. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae033. [PMID: 38459929 PMCID: PMC10998351 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decades of research indicate that volunteering is associated with better health for the volunteer beyond the selection effects based on health. However, little is known about potential heterogeneity in health outcomes associated with volunteering in the context of good or poor health. This study addresses this gap by focusing on the frailty index (FI) to investigate the volunteering-health nexus across the population frailty distribution ranging from fit to frail. METHODS Using nationally representative data from the Health and Retirement Study (person N = 34,986; 198,218 person-wave observations), we estimated unconditional quantile regression models with panel fixed effects to estimate changes in FI associated with changes in the share of volunteers in the population across the frailty distribution observed across the study period (1998-2020). RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that the volunteering-FI association was heterogeneous across the frailty distribution. The association was the most potent at the higher end of the frailty distribution, suggesting that efforts to promote volunteering may yield greater benefits for older adults experiencing high levels of frailty. DISCUSSION The current study findings provide unique and compelling evidence in support of earlier calls for considering volunteering as a public health intervention. The study findings are discussed in the context of population health outcomes and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hwang Han
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Narae Park
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Economics, Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi H, Cho SW, Kim HH, Yi KH, Park DJ, Park YJ. Shortened telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes is associated with cumulative radioactive iodine doses in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38376914 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length is associated with cancer risk and cancer aggressiveness. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer has raised concerns for second primary malignancy (SPM) in patients with high cumulative doses. The association between RAI dose and peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length was examined. METHODS A total of 425 patients were included who underwent total thyroidectomy and were followed up for at least 1 year with or without RAI treatment. The relative telomere length (RTL) of the patients was assessed via a quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification method. RAI doses were divided into five groups on the basis of cumulative dose, and a comparison was made among these groups. RESULTS The number of patients with RAI treatment was 287 (67.5%), and the cumulative RAI dose was 3.33 GBq (range, 1.11-131.35 GBq). The mean RTL was significantly shorter in the highest RAI group (>22.2 GBq) compared to both the no-RAI and lower dose groups. The association between RAI dose and RTL was positive in the lower RAI group (1.1-3.7 GBq) and negative in the highest RAI group in both univariate and multivariate analyses. We observed 59 (13.9%) SPMs and 20 (4.7%) mortalities, and RTL did not show a significant risk effect for all-cause, thyroid cancer-specific, or SPM-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS In patients with thyroid cancer who underwent total thyroidectomy, peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length exhibited a significant association with cumulative RAI dose higher than 22.2 GBq. These results suggest the possibility of telomere length shortening in patients who undergo high-dose RAI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoonsung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Hee Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee YJ, Kim Y, Gim H, Hong K, Jang HW. Nanoelectronics Using Metal-Insulator Transition. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2305353. [PMID: 37594405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal-insulator transition (MIT) coupled with an ultrafast, significant, and reversible resistive change in Mott insulators has attracted tremendous interest for investigation into next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices, as well as a fundamental understanding of condensed matter systems. Although the mechanism of MIT in Mott insulators is still controversial, great efforts have been made to understand and modulate MIT behavior for various electronic and optoelectronic applications. In this review, recent progress in the field of nanoelectronics utilizing MIT is highlighted. A brief introduction to the physics of MIT and its underlying mechanisms is begun. After discussing the MIT behaviors of various Mott insulators, recent advances in the design and fabrication of nanoelectronics devices based on MIT, including memories, gas sensors, photodetectors, logic circuits, and artificial neural networks are described. Finally, an outlook on the development and future applications of nanoelectronics utilizing MIT is provided. This review can serve as an overview and a comprehensive understanding of the design of MIT-based nanoelectronics for future electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongyu Gim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kootak Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
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Cho Y, Kim H, Yook G, Yong S, Kim S, Lee N, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Kim TW, Chang MJ, Lee KM, Chang CB, Kang SB, Kim JH. Predisposal of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Deficiency to Accumulate DNA Damage and Promote Osteoarthritis Development in Cartilage. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024. [PMID: 38268484 DOI: 10.1002/art.42815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is a transcriptional regulator conventionally associated with immunomodulation. Recent molecular analyses mapping DNA binding sites of IRF1 have suggested its potential function in DNA repair. However, the physiologic significance of this noncanonical function remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of IRF1 in osteoarthritis (OA), a condition marked by senescence and chronic joint inflammation. METHODS OA progression was examined in wild-type and Irf1-/- mice using histologic assessments and microcomputed tomography analysis of whole-joint OA manifestations and behavioral assessments of joint pain. An integrated analysis of assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing and whole transcriptome data was conducted for the functional assessment of IRF1 in chondrocytes. The role of IRF1 in DNA repair and senescence was investigated by assaying γ-H2AX foci and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. RESULTS Our genome-wide investigation of IRF1 footprinting in chondrocytes revealed its primary occupancies in the promoters of DNA repair genes without noticeable footprint patterns in those of interferon-responsive genes. Chondrocytes lacking IRF1 accumulated irreversible DNA damage under oxidative stress, facilitating their entry into cellular senescence. IRF1 was down-regulated in the cartilage of human and mouse OA. Although IRF1 overexpression did not elicit an inflammatory response in joints or affect OA development, genetic deletion of Irf1 caused enhanced chondrocyte senescence and exacerbated post-traumatic OA in mice. CONCLUSION IRF1 offers DNA damage surveillance in chondrocytes, protecting them from oxidative stress associated with OA risk factors. Our study provides a crucial and cautionary perspective that compromising IRF1 activity renders chondrocytes vulnerable to cellular senescence and promotes OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsik Cho
- Institute for Basic Science and Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, and Liflex Science, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyeonkyeong Kim
- Institute for Basic Science and Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, and Liflex Science, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Geunho Yook
- Institute for Basic Science and Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Yong
- Institute for Basic Science and Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soy Kim
- Institute for Basic Science and Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Narae Lee
- Institute for Basic Science and Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yi-Jun Kim
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Tae Woo Kim
- Seoul National University and Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Jong Chang
- Seoul National University and Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Seoul National University and Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chong Bum Chang
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung-Baik Kang
- Seoul National University and Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Seoul National University and Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, South Korea, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Pyeongchang, South Korea
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Lee S, Chung YS, Lee KW, Choi M, Sonn CH, Oh WJ, Hong HG, Shim J, Choi K, Kim SJ, Park JB, Kim TJ. Alteration of γδ T cell subsets in non-human primates transplanted with GGTA1 gene-deficient porcine blood vessels. Xenotransplantation 2024; 31:e12838. [PMID: 38112053 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND αGal-deficient xenografts are protected from hyperacute rejection during xenotransplantation but are still rejected more rapidly than allografts. Despite studies showing the roles of non-Gal antibodies and αβ T cells in xenograft rejection, the involvement of γδ T cells in xenograft rejection has been limitedly investigated. METHODS Six male cynomolgus monkeys were transplanted with porcine vessel xenografts from wild-type (n = 3) or GGTA1 knockout (n = 3) pigs. We measured the proportions and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of blood γδ T cells before and after xenotransplant. Grafted porcine vessel-infiltrating immune cells were visualized at the end of experiments. RESULTS Blood γδ T cells expanded and infiltrated into the graft vessel adventitia following xenotransplantation of α-Gal-deficient pig blood vessels. Pre- and post-transplant analysis of γδ TCR repertoire revealed a transition in δ chain usage post-transplantation, with the expansion of several clonotypes of δ1, δ3, or δ7 chains. Furthermore, the distinctions between pre- and post-transplant δ chain usages were more prominent than those observed for γ chain usages. CONCLUSION γδ TCR repertoire was significantly altered by xenotransplantation, suggesting the role of γδ T cells in sustained xenoreactive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Shin Chung
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Choi
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hee Sonn
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Oh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Gi Hong
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Shim
- Department of Transgenic Animal Research, Optipharm, Inc., Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimyung Choi
- Department of Transgenic Animal Research, Optipharm, Inc., Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- GenNBio Co., Ltd, Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Bajracharya R, Baral KC, Lee SH, Song JG, Han HK. Organometallic Phyllosilicate-Gold Nanocomplex: An Effective Oral Delivery System of Methotrexate for Enhanced in vivo Efficacy Against Colorectal Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7257-7266. [PMID: 38076733 PMCID: PMC10710251 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s437860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oral administration, although convenient and preferred for treating colorectal cancer (CRC), faces challenges due to limited CRC-related intestinal positioning and a dense mucus barrier. In the present study, a gold-nanoparticle decorated-organometallic phyllosilicate nanocomposite (AC-Au), with a pH-dependent surface coating, was employed for more effective oral delivery of anticancer drugs to treat CRC. Methods The organometallic AC-Au was synthesized using the in-situ sol-gel method. Subsequently, methotrexate (MTX) was loaded into AC-Au, and the complex (AC-Au/MTX) was surface-coated with poly (methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) (1:2), a pH-dependent polymer (E/AC-Au /MTX). The in vitro characteristics of nanoparticles were examined using various analytical methods. In vivo efficacy studies were also conducted using an HCT-116 orthotopic colorectal cancer model. Results AC-Au emerged as a spherical nanoparticle with a mean size of 26.5 ± 0.43 nm, displaying a positive charge over the pH range of 2-10. Both the uncoated and coated drug-loaded nanocomplexes (AC-Au/MTX and E/AC-Au/MTX) were fabricated with high entrapment efficiency (> 80%). Various analyses, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confirmed the formation of the nanocomplexes. While AC-Au/MTX achieved rapid and extensive drug release at the pH range of 1.2-7.4, E/AC-Au/MTX exhibited pH-dependent drug release, with approximately 23% at pH 1.2 and 74% at pH 7.4. Relative to free MTX, the AC-Au-based nanocomplex significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of MTX in HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, orally administered E/AC-Au/MTX significantly improved the anti-tumor activity of MTX in an HCT-116 orthotopic colorectal cancer model, resulting in approximately 60% suppression of tumor mass compared with the positive control. Conclusion The organometallic AC-Au nanocomplex coated with a pH-dependent polymer has the potential to be an effective colonic drug delivery system of MTX, enhancing in vivo efficacy against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
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Seong SH, Kim HS, Lee YM, Kim JS, Park S, Oh J. Exploration of Potential Breath Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease through Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2023; 13:837. [PMID: 37512544 PMCID: PMC10385797 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breath volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis is a non-invasive tool for assessing health status; the compositional profile of these compounds in the breath of patients with chronic kidney disease is believed to change with decreasing renal function. We aimed to identify breath VOCs for recognizing patients with chronic kidney disease. Using thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, untargeted analysis of breath markers was performed using breath samples of healthy controls (n = 18) versus non-dialysis (n = 21) and hemodialysis (n = 12) patients with chronic kidney disease in this cross-sectional study. A total of 303 VOCs alongside 12 clinical variables were used to determine the breath VOC profile. Metabolomic analysis revealed that age, systolic blood pressure, and fifty-eight breath VOCs differed significantly between the chronic kidney disease group (non-dialysis + hemodialysis) and healthy controls. Thirty-six VOCs and two clinical variables that showed significant associations with chronic kidney disease in the univariate analysis were further analyzed. Different spectra of breath volatile organic compounds between the control and chronic kidney disease groups were obtained. A multivariate model incorporating age, 2-methyl-pentane, and cyclohexanone showed high performance (accuracy, 86%) in identifying patients with chronic kidney disease with odds ratios of 0.18 (95% CI, 0.07-2.49, p = 0.013); 2.10 (0.94-2.24, p = 0.025); and 2.31 (0.88-2.64, p = 0.008), respectively. Hence, this study showed that renal dysfunction induces a characteristic profile of breath VOCs that can be used as non-invasive potential biomarkers in screening tests for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hyun Seong
- Mass Spectrometry & Advanced Instrumentation Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheonju 28119, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Kim
- Mass Spectrometry & Advanced Instrumentation Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheonju 28119, Republic of Korea
- ASTA Corporation, Research & Development Center, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Koscom Fund Services Corporation, Seoul 07330, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
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Sim M, Lee J, Wy S, Park N, Lee D, Kwon D, Kim J. Generation and application of pseudo-long reads for metagenome assembly. Gigascience 2022; 11:giac044. [PMID: 35579554 PMCID: PMC9112764 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metagenomic assembly using high-throughput sequencing data is a powerful method to construct microbial genomes in environmental samples without cultivation. However, metagenomic assembly, especially when only short reads are available, is a complex and challenging task because mixed genomes of multiple microorganisms constitute the metagenome. Although long read sequencing technologies have been developed and have begun to be used for metagenomic assembly, many metagenomic studies have been performed based on short reads because the generation of long reads requires higher sequencing cost than short reads. RESULTS In this study, we present a new method called PLR-GEN. It creates pseudo-long reads from metagenomic short reads based on given reference genome sequences by considering small sequence variations existing in individual genomes of the same or different species. When applied to a mock community data set in the Human Microbiome Project, PLR-GEN dramatically extended short reads in length of 101 bp to pseudo-long reads with N50 of 33 Kbp and 0.4% error rate. The use of these pseudo-long reads generated by PLR-GEN resulted in an obvious improvement of metagenomic assembly in terms of the number of sequences, assembly contiguity, and prediction of species and genes. CONCLUSIONS PLR-GEN can be used to generate artificial long read sequences without spending extra sequencing cost, thus aiding various studies using metagenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikang Sim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Wy
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehwan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehong Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebum Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Choi EJ, Palacios-Prado N, Sáez JC, Lee J. Identification of Cx45 as a Major Component of GJs in HeLa Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101389. [PMID: 33003547 PMCID: PMC7650549 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs) are intercellular channels that connect adjacent cells electrically and metabolically. The iodide-yellow fluorescent protein (I-YFP) gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) assay is a recently developed method with high sensitivity. HeLa cells have been widely used as GJ-deficient cells for GJ-related research. Herein, we present evidence showing that HeLa cells have functional GJs comprising connexin (Cx) 45 using the I-YFP GJ assay and CRISPR/Cas9 system. We conducted the I-YFP GJIC assay in HeLa cells, which revealed a weak level of GJIC that could not be detected by the Lucifer yellow scrape-loading assay. The mRNA expression of GJB5 (Cx31.1), GJA1 (Cx43), and GJC1 (Cx45) was detected in HeLa cells by RT-PCR analysis. Knocking out GJC1 (Cx45) abolished GJIC, as analyzed by the I-YFP assay and dual whole-cell patch-clamp assay. These results suggest that HeLa cells express Cx45-based GJs and that the I-YFP GJIC assay can be used for cells with weak GJIC, such as Cx45-expressing HeLa cells. Further, GJC1 (Cx45)-knockout HeLa cells are more suitable as a GJ-null cell model for transfection experiments than wild-type HeLa cells. This experimental design was successfully applied to knock out Cx43 expression and GJIC in A549 lung cancer cells and can thus be used to identify major Cxs in other cell types and to establish GJ assay systems for different Cxs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea;
| | - Nicolás Palacios-Prado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile; (N.P.-P.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile; (N.P.-P.); (J.C.S.)
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360103, Chile
| | - Jinu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-749-4161
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Le TH, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Park SJ. Detection of Ferric Ions and Catecholamine Neurotransmitters via Highly Fluorescent Heteroatom Co-Doped Carbon Dots. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E3470. [PMID: 32575578 PMCID: PMC7349486 DOI: 10.3390/s20123470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) demonstrate very poor fluorescence quantum yield (QY). In this study, with the help of a hydrothermal method, we combined CDs with nitrogen and phosphorus elements belonging to the VA group (in the periodic table) to form heteroatom co-doped CDs, i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots (NPCDs). These displayed a significant improvement in the QY (up to 84%), which was as much as four times than that of CDs synthesized by the same method. The as-prepared NPCDs could be used as an "off-on" fluorescence detector for the rapid and effective sensing of ferric ions (Fe3+) and catecholamine neurotransmitters (CNs) such as dopamine (DA), adrenaline (AD), and noradrenaline (NAD). The fluorescence of NPCDs was "turned off" and the emission wavelength was slightly red-shifted upon increasing the Fe3+ concentration. However, when CNs were incorporated, the fluorescence of NPCDs was recovered in a short response time; this indicated that CN concentration could be monitored, relying on enhancing the fluorescence signal of NPCDs. As a result, NPCDs are considered as a potential fluorescent bi-sensor for Fe3+ and CN detection. Particularly, in this research, we selected DA as the representative neurotransmitter of the CN group along with Fe3+ to study the sensing system based on NPCDs. The results exhibited good linear ranges with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 and 0.1 µM for Fe3+ and DA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sang Joon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (T.H.L.); (H.J.L.); (J.H.K.)
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Ahn EJ, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Choi HR, Kang H, Bang SR. Comparison of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in terms of mortality and complications in elderly patients with hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029245. [PMID: 31501111 PMCID: PMC6738684 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of anaesthesia on postoperative outcome in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery. SETTING Nationwide National Health Insurance Sharing Service database of Korea. PARTICIPANTS All patients aged ≥65 years old who underwent hip fracture surgery, covered by the Korean National Health Insurance, between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015. INTERVENTIONS Hip fracture surgery under general anaesthesia (group GA) or regional anaesthesia (group RA), with a principal diagnosis of femoral fracture. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the anaesthetic-type effect on 30-day mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative delirium requiring pharmacological intervention. RESULTS Among the 96 289 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, 25 593 and 70 696 patients received GA and RA, respectively. After propensity score matching, 25 593 remained in each group. Postmatching mortality was lower in the RA than in the GA group (574 (2.24%) vs 654 (2.55%), p=0·0047, 95% CI -0.0099 to 0.0159). Delirium incidence was lower in the RA than in the GA group (5187 (20.27%) vs 5828 (22.77%), p<0·0001, 95% CI 0.019 to 0.045). The incidence of intensive care unit stay and ventilator care was lower in the RA than in the GA group (5838 (22.1%) vs 8055 (31.47%), p<0·0001, 95% CI 0.046 to 0.070 and 459 (1.73%) vs 1207 (4.72%), p<0·0001, 95% CI -0.0024 to 0.023, respectively). CONCLUSION RA was associated with better outcomes than GA, in terms of mortality, delirium, intensive care unit admission and ventilator care, in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hey Ran Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Ra Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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