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Sadoff J, Gray G, Vandebosch A, Cárdenas V, Shukarev G, Grinsztejn B, Goepfert PA, Truyers C, Van Dromme I, Spiessens B, Vingerhoets J, Custers J, Scheper G, Robb ML, Treanor J, Ryser MF, Barouch DH, Swann E, Marovich MA, Neuzil KM, Corey L, Stoddard J, Hardt K, Ruiz-Guiñazú J, Le Gars M, Schuitemaker H, Van Hoof J, Struyf F, Douoguih M. Final Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:847-860. [PMID: 35139271 PMCID: PMC8849184 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2117608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was highly effective against severe-critical coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), hospitalization, and death in the primary phase 3 efficacy analysis. METHODS We conducted the final analysis in the double-blind phase of our multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, in which adults were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive single-dose Ad26.COV2.S (5×1010 viral particles) or placebo. The primary end points were vaccine efficacy against moderate to severe-critical Covid-19 with onset at least 14 days after administration and at least 28 days after administration in the per-protocol population. Safety and key secondary and exploratory end points were also assessed. RESULTS Median follow-up in this analysis was 4 months; 8940 participants had at least 6 months of follow-up. In the per-protocol population (39,185 participants), vaccine efficacy against moderate to severe-critical Covid-19 at least 14 days after administration was 56.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.3 to 60.8; 484 cases in the vaccine group vs. 1067 in the placebo group); at least 28 days after administration, vaccine efficacy was 52.9% (95% CI, 47.1 to 58.1; 433 cases in the vaccine group vs. 883 in the placebo group). Efficacy in the United States, primarily against the reference strain (B.1.D614G) and the B.1.1.7 (alpha) variant, was 69.7% (95% CI, 60.7 to 76.9); efficacy was reduced elsewhere against the P.1 (gamma), C.37 (lambda), and B.1.621 (mu) variants. Efficacy was 74.6% (95% CI, 64.7 to 82.1) against severe-critical Covid-19 (with only 4 severe-critical cases caused by the B.1.617.2 [delta] variant), 75.6% (95% CI, 54.3 to 88.0) against Covid-19 leading to medical intervention (including hospitalization), and 82.8% (95% CI, 40.5 to 96.8) against Covid-19-related death, with protection lasting 6 months or longer. Efficacy against any severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was 41.7% (95% CI, 36.3 to 46.7). Ad26.COV2.S was associated with mainly mild-to-moderate adverse events, and no new safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of Ad26.COV2.S provided 52.9% protection against moderate to severe-critical Covid-19. Protection varied according to variant; higher protection was observed against severe Covid-19, medical intervention, and death than against other end points and lasted for 6 months or longer. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development and others; ENSEMBLE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04505722.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald Sadoff
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Glenda Gray
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - An Vandebosch
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Vicky Cárdenas
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Georgi Shukarev
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Carla Truyers
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Ilse Van Dromme
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Bart Spiessens
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Johan Vingerhoets
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Jerome Custers
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Gert Scheper
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Merlin L Robb
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - John Treanor
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Martin F Ryser
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Dan H Barouch
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Edith Swann
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Mary A Marovich
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Kathleen M Neuzil
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Lawrence Corey
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Jeffrey Stoddard
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Karin Hardt
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Javier Ruiz-Guiñazú
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Mathieu Le Gars
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Johan Van Hoof
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Frank Struyf
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
| | - Macaya Douoguih
- From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard)
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