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Backhausen LL, Granzow J, Fröhner JH, Artiges E, Paillère‐Martinot M, Lemaître H, Sticca F, Banaschewski T, Desrivières S, Grigis A, Heinz A, Brühl R, Papadopoulos‐Orfanos D, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Robinson L, Walter H, Winterer J, Schumann G, Martinot J, Smolka MN, Vetter NC. Interplay of early negative life events, development of orbitofrontal cortical thickness and depression in young adulthood. JCPP Adv 2024; 4:e12210. [PMID: 38486954 PMCID: PMC10933677 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early negative life events (NLE) have long-lasting influences on neurodevelopment and psychopathology. Reduced orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) thickness was frequently associated with NLE and depressive symptoms. OFC thinning might mediate the effect of NLE on depressive symptoms, although few longitudinal studies exist. Using a complete longitudinal design with four time points, we examined whether NLE during childhood and early adolescence predict depressive symptoms in young adulthood through accelerated OFC thinning across adolescence. Methods We acquired structural MRI from 321 participants at two sites across four time points from ages 14 to 22. We measured NLE with the Life Events Questionnaire at the first time point and depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at the fourth time point. Modeling latent growth curves, we tested whether OFC thinning mediates the effect of NLE on depressive symptoms. Results A higher burden of NLE, a thicker OFC at the age of 14, and an accelerated OFC thinning across adolescence predicted young adults' depressive symptoms. We did not identify an effect of NLE on OFC thickness nor OFC thickness mediating effects of NLE on depressive symptoms. Conclusions Using a complete longitudinal design with four waves, we show that NLE in childhood and early adolescence predict depressive symptoms in the long term. Results indicate that an accelerated OFC thinning may precede depressive symptoms. Assessment of early additionally to acute NLEs and neurodevelopment may be warranted in clinical settings to identify risk factors for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea L. Backhausen
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTUD Dresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
| | - Jonas Granzow
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTUD Dresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleINSERM U1299 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”Université Paris‐SaclayEcole Normale supérieure Paris‐SaclayCNRSCentre BorelliGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Department of PsychiatryLab‐D‐PsyEPS Barthélémy DurandEtampesFrance
| | - Marie‐Laure Paillère‐Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleINSERM U1299 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”Université Paris‐SaclayEcole Normale supérieure Paris‐SaclayCNRSCentre BorelliGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalParisFrance
| | | | - Fabio Sticca
- Institute for Educational Support for Behaviour, Social‐Emotional, and Psychomotor DevelopmentUniversity of Teacher Education in Special NeedsZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental HealthMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS)Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceSGDP CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)Braunschweig and BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental HealthMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryPsychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Lauren Robinson
- Department of Psychological MedicineSection for Eating DisordersInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Jeanne Winterer
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurosciencesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Department of Education and PsychologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS)Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceSGDP CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPONS Research GroupCampus Charite MitteHumboldt UniversityBerlin and Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain‐inspired Intelligence (ISTBI)Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jean‐Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleINSERM U1299 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”Université Paris‐SaclayEcole Normale supérieure Paris‐SaclayCNRSCentre BorelliGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTUD Dresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
| | - Nora C. Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTUD Dresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
- Department of PsychologyMSB Medical School BerlinBerlinGermany
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Eiben B, Bertholet J, Tran EH, Wetscherek A, Shiarli AM, Nill S, Oelfke U, McClelland JR. Respiratory motion modelling for MR-guided lung cancer radiotherapy: model development and geometric accuracy evaluation. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055009. [PMID: 38266298 PMCID: PMC10875968 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Respiratory motion of lung tumours and adjacent structures is challenging for radiotherapy. Online MR-imaging cannot currently provide real-time volumetric information of the moving patient anatomy, therefore limiting precise dose delivery, delivered dose reconstruction, and downstream adaptation methods.Approach.We tailor a respiratory motion modelling framework towards an MR-Linac workflow to estimate the time-resolved 4D motion from real-time data. We develop a multi-slice acquisition scheme which acquires thick, overlapping 2D motion-slices in different locations and orientations, interleaved with 2D surrogate-slices from a fixed location. The framework fits a motion model directly to the input data without the need for sorting or binning to account for inter- and intra-cycle variation of the breathing motion. The framework alternates between model fitting and motion-compensated super-resolution image reconstruction to recover a high-quality motion-free image and a motion model. The fitted model can then estimate the 4D motion from 2D surrogate-slices. The framework is applied to four simulated anthropomorphic datasets and evaluated against known ground truth anatomy and motion. Clinical applicability is demonstrated by applying our framework to eight datasets acquired on an MR-Linac from four lung cancer patients.Main results.The framework accurately reconstructs high-quality motion-compensated 3D images with 2 mm3isotropic voxels. For the simulated case with the largest target motion, the motion model achieved a mean deformation field error of 1.13 mm. For the patient cases residual error registrations estimate the model error to be 1.07 mm (1.64 mm), 0.91 mm (1.32 mm), and 0.88 mm (1.33 mm) in superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, and left-right directions respectively for the building (application) data.Significance.The motion modelling framework estimates the patient motion with high accuracy and accurately reconstructs the anatomy. The image acquisition scheme can be flexibly integrated into an MR-Linac workflow whilst maintaining the capability of online motion-management strategies based on cine imaging such as target tracking and/or gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Eiben
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Bertholet
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Medical Radiation Physics and Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena H Tran
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Wetscherek
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Maria Shiarli
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simeon Nill
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R McClelland
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
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Nenclares P, Larkeryd A, Manodoro F, Lee JY, Lalondrelle S, Gilbert DC, Punta M, O’Leary B, Rullan A, Sadanandam A, Chain B, Melcher A, Harrington KJ, Bhide SA. T-cell receptor determinants of response to chemoradiation in locally-advanced HPV16-driven malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1296948. [PMID: 38234396 PMCID: PMC10791873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1296948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of chemoradiation on the anti-cancer immune response is being increasingly acknowledged; however, its clinical implications in treatment responses are yet to be fully understood. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven malignancies express viral oncogenic proteins which may serve as tumor-specific antigens and represent ideal candidates for monitoring the peripheral T-cell receptor (TCR) changes secondary to chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods We performed intra-tumoral and pre- and post-treatment peripheral TCR sequencing in a cohort of patients with locally-advanced HPV16-positive cancers treated with CRT. An in silico computational pipeline was used to cluster TCR repertoire based on epitope-specificity and to predict affinity between these clusters and HPV16-derived epitopes. Results Intra-tumoral repertoire diversity, intra-tumoral and post-treatment peripheral CDR3β similarity clustering were predictive of response. In responders, CRT triggered an increase peripheral TCR clonality and clonal relatedness. Post-treatment expansion of baseline peripheral dominant TCRs was associated with response. Responders showed more baseline clustered structures of TCRs maintained post-treatment and displayed significantly more maintained clustered structures. When applying clustering by TCR-specificity methods, responders displayed a higher proportion of intra-tumoral TCRs predicted to recognise HPV16 peptides. Conclusions Baseline TCR characteristics and changes in the peripheral T-cell clones triggered by CRT are associated with treatment outcome. Maintenance and boosting of pre-existing clonotypes are key elements of an effective anti-cancer immune response driven by CRT, supporting a paradigm in which the immune system plays a central role in the success of CRT in current standard-of-care protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nenclares
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Larkeryd
- Bioinformatics Unit, The Centre for Translational Immunotherapy, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Floriana Manodoro
- Genomics Facility, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jen Y. Lee
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Lalondrelle
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan C. Gilbert
- Sussex Cancer Centre, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Punta
- Unit of Immunogenetic, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ben O’Leary
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rullan
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anguraj Sadanandam
- Systems and Precision Cancer Medicine Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Melcher
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Harrington
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shreerang A. Bhide
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Bedford JL. A discrete ordinates Boltzmann solver for application to inverse planning of photons and protons. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:185019. [PMID: 37643625 PMCID: PMC10498099 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acf4de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a discrete ordinates Boltzmann solver that can be used for calculation of absorbed dose from both photons and protons within an inverse planning optimiser, so as to perform accurate dose calculation throughout the whole of the inverse planning process. With photons, five transport sweeps were performed to obtain scattered photon fluence, and unscattered electron fluence was then obtained and used as a fixed source for solution of the electron transport equations. With protons, continuous slowing down was treated as a fixed source, and five transport sweeps were used to calculate scattered fluence. The total electron or proton fluence was multiplied by the stopping power ratio for the transport medium to obtain absorbed dose. The method was evaluated in homogeneous media and in a lung case where the planning target volume was surrounded by low-density lung material. Photon arc, proton passive scattering and proton arc treatments were considered. The results were compared to a clinically validated convolution dose calculation for photons, and with an analytical method for protons. In water-equivalent media, the discrete ordinates method agrees with the alternative algorithms to within 2%. Convergence is found to be sufficiently complete for water-, lung- and bone-equivalent materials after five iterations. The dose calculated by the relatively simple angular quadrature is seen to be very close to that calculated by a more comprehensive quadrature. For inhomogeneous lung plans, the method shows more heterogeneity of dose to the planning target volume than the comparative methods. The discrete ordinates Boltzmann solver provides a general framework for dose calculation with both photons and protons. The method is suitable for incorporation into an inverse planning optimiser, so that accurate dose calculation in a heterogeneous medium can be obtained throughout inverse planning, with the result that the final dose distribution is as predicted by the optimiser.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Bedford
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
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Dowrick T, Xiao G, Nikitichev D, Dursun E, van Berkel N, Allam M, Koo B, Ramalhinho J, Thompson S, Gurusamy K, Blandford A, Stoyanov D, Davidson BR, Clarkson MJ. Evaluation of a calibration rig for stereo laparoscopes. Med Phys 2023; 50:2695-2704. [PMID: 36779419 PMCID: PMC10614700 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate camera and hand-eye calibration are essential to ensure high-quality results in image-guided surgery applications. The process must also be able to be undertaken by a nonexpert user in a surgical setting. PURPOSE This work seeks to identify a suitable method for tracked stereo laparoscope calibration within theater. METHODS A custom calibration rig, to enable rapid calibration in a surgical setting, was designed. The rig was compared against freehand calibration. Stereo reprojection, stereo reconstruction, tracked stereo reprojection, and tracked stereo reconstruction error metrics were used to evaluate calibration quality. RESULTS Use of the calibration rig reduced mean errors: reprojection (1.47 mm [SD 0.13] vs. 3.14 mm [SD 2.11], p-value 1e-8), reconstruction (1.37 px [SD 0.10] vs. 10.10 px [SD 4.54], p-value 6e-7), and tracked reconstruction (1.38 mm [SD 0.10] vs. 12.64 mm [SD 4.34], p-value 1e-6) compared with freehand calibration. The use of a ChArUco pattern yielded slightly lower reprojection errors, while a dot grid produced lower reconstruction errors and was more robust under strong global illumination. CONCLUSION The use of the calibration rig results in a statistically significant decrease in calibration error metrics, versus freehand calibration, and represents the preferred approach for use in the operating theater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dowrick
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
| | - Guofang Xiao
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
| | - Daniil Nikitichev
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
| | - Eren Dursun
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
| | - Niels van Berkel
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
| | - Moustafa Allam
- Royal Free CampusUCL Medical SchoolRoyal Free HospitalLondonUK
| | - Bongjin Koo
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
| | - Joao Ramalhinho
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
| | - Stephen Thompson
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
| | | | - Ann Blandford
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
| | - Danail Stoyanov
- Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical SciencesUCLLondonUK
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Gascoigne SJ, Waldmann L, Schroeder GM, Panagiotopoulou M, Blickwedel J, Chowdhury F, Cronie A, Diehl B, Duncan JS, Falconer J, Faulder R, Guan Y, Leach V, Livingstone S, Papasavvas C, Thomas RH, Wilson K, Taylor PN, Wang Y. A library of quantitative markers of seizure severity. Epilepsia 2023; 64:1074-1086. [PMID: 36727552 PMCID: PMC10952709 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding fluctuations in seizure severity within individuals is important for determining treatment outcomes and responses to therapy, as well as assessing novel treatments for epilepsy. Current methods for grading seizure severity rely on qualitative interpretations from patients and clinicians. Quantitative measures of seizure severity would complement existing approaches to electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring, outcome monitoring, and seizure prediction. Therefore, we developed a library of quantitative EEG markers that assess the spread and intensity of abnormal electrical activity during and after seizures. METHODS We analyzed intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings of 1009 seizures from 63 patients. For each seizure, we computed 16 markers of seizure severity that capture the signal magnitude, spread, duration, and postictal suppression of seizures. RESULTS Quantitative EEG markers of seizure severity distinguished focal versus subclinical seizures across patients. In individual patients, 53% had a moderate to large difference (rank sumr > .3 ,p < .05 ) between focal and subclinical seizures in three or more markers. Circadian and longer term changes in severity were found for the majority of patients. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate the feasibility of using quantitative iEEG markers to measure seizure severity. Our quantitative markers distinguish between seizure types and are therefore sensitive to established qualitative differences in seizure severity. Our results also suggest that seizure severity is modulated over different timescales. We envisage that our proposed seizure severity library will be expanded and updated in collaboration with the epilepsy research community to include more measures and modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Gascoigne
- Computational Neurology, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Lab, Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of ComputingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | | | - Gabrielle M. Schroeder
- Computational Neurology, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Lab, Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of ComputingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Mariella Panagiotopoulou
- Computational Neurology, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Lab, Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of ComputingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Jess Blickwedel
- Computational Neurology, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Lab, Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of ComputingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | | | | | - Beate Diehl
- UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | | | | | - Ryan Faulder
- Computational Neurology, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Lab, Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of ComputingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Yu Guan
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of WarwickWarwickUK
| | | | | | - Christoforos Papasavvas
- Computational Neurology, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Lab, Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of ComputingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | | | - Kevin Wilson
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and PhysicsNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Peter N. Taylor
- Computational Neurology, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Lab, Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of ComputingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Yujiang Wang
- Computational Neurology, Neuroscience & Psychiatry Lab, Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of ComputingNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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De Noon S, Piggott R, Trotman J, Tadross JA, Fittall M, Hughes D, Ye H, Munasinghe E, Murray M, Tirabosco R, Amary F, Coleman N, Watkins J, Hubank M, Tarpey P, Behjati S, Flanagan AM. Recurrent FOSL1 rearrangements in desmoplastic fibroblastoma. J Pathol 2023; 259:119-124. [PMID: 36426824 PMCID: PMC10107450 DOI: 10.1002/path.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The FOS gene family has been implicated in tumourigenesis across several tumour types, particularly mesenchymal tumours. The rare fibrous tumour desmoplastic fibroblastoma is characterised by overexpression of FOSL1. However, previous studies using cytogenetic and molecular techniques did not identify an underlying somatic change involving the FOSL1 gene to explain this finding. Prompted by an unusual index case, we report the discovery of a novel FOSL1 rearrangement in desmoplastic fibroblastoma using whole-genome and targeted RNA sequencing. We investigated 15 desmoplastic fibroblastomas and 15 fibromas of tendon sheath using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and targeted RNA sequencing. Rearrangements in FOSL1 and FOS were identified in 10/15 and 2/15 desmoplastic fibroblastomas respectively, which mirrors the pattern of FOS rearrangements observed in benign bone and vascular tumours. Fibroma of tendon sheath, which shares histological features with desmoplastic fibroblastoma, harboured USP6 rearrangements in 9/15 cases and did not demonstrate rearrangements in any of the four FOS genes. The overall concordance between FOSL1 immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing results was 90%. These findings illustrate that FOSL1 and FOS rearrangements are a recurrent event in desmoplastic fibroblastoma, establishing this finding as a useful diagnostic adjunct and expanding the spectrum of tumours driven by FOS gene family alterations. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange De Noon
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Robert Piggott
- Cambridge Genomics LaboratoryCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Jamie Trotman
- Cambridge Genomics LaboratoryCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - John A Tadross
- Cambridge Genomics LaboratoryCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
- Department of HistopathologyCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Matthew Fittall
- Department of OncologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Division of OncologyUniversity College London Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Debbie Hughes
- Paediatric Tumour Biology, Division of Clinical StudiesThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Hongtao Ye
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Emani Munasinghe
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Matthew Murray
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and OncologyCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Fernanda Amary
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | | | - James Watkins
- Cambridge Genomics LaboratoryCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
- Department of HistopathologyCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Michael Hubank
- Clinical GenomicsThe Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Patrick Tarpey
- Cambridge Genomics LaboratoryCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Sam Behjati
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and OncologyCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
- Cellular GeneticsWellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
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Cahart M, O'Daly O, Giampietro V, Timmers M, Streffer J, Einstein S, Zelaya F, Dell'Acqua F, Williams SCR. Comparing the test-retest reliability of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging metrics across single band and multiband acquisitions in the context of healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:1901-1912. [PMID: 36546653 PMCID: PMC9980889 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of meaningful functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers requires measures that reliably capture brain performance across different subjects and over multiple scanning sessions. Recent developments in fMRI acquisition, such as the introduction of multiband (MB) protocols and in-plane acceleration, allow for increased scanning speed and improved temporal resolution. However, they may also lead to reduced temporal signal to noise ratio and increased signal leakage between simultaneously excited slices. These methods have been adopted in several scanning modalities including diffusion weighted imaging and fMRI. To our knowledge, no study has formally compared the reliability of the same resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) metrics (amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; seed-to-voxel and region of interest [ROI]-to-ROI connectivity) across conventional single-band fMRI and different MB acquisitions, with and without in-plane acceleration, across three sessions. In this study, 24 healthy older adults were scanned over three visits, on weeks 0, 1, and 4, and, on each occasion, underwent a conventional single band rs-fMRI scan and three different rs-fMRI scans with MB factors 4 and 6, with and without in-plane acceleration. Across all three rs-fMRI metrics, the reliability scores were highest with MB factor 4 with no in-plane acceleration for cortical areas and with conventional single band for subcortical areas. Recommendations for future research studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Stephanie Cahart
- Neuroimaging DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College LondonLondonUK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Neuroimaging DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College LondonLondonUK
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Neuroimaging DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maarten Timmers
- Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NVJanssen Research and DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
| | - Johannes Streffer
- AC Immune SALausanneSwitzerland
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Fernando Zelaya
- Neuroimaging DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College LondonLondonUK
| | - Flavio Dell'Acqua
- Natbrainlab; Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Neuroimaging DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College LondonLondonUK
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Ng A, V WC, Asif A, Light A, Lam CM, Jayaraajan K, Cambridge WA, Matthews MG, Kulkarni M, S ZYO, Nathan A, Ahmed N, Gadhia S, Morka N, Hinchcliffe Z, Chen W, Yoon WY, Das K, Kufuor RA, Patel K, Ayres B, Dacre J, Harding C, Page T, Pearce I, Bhatt NR, Khadhouri S, Kasivisvanathan V. LEARN: A multi-centre, cross-sectional evaluation of Urology teaching in UK medical schools. BJU Int 2022; 130:676-687. [PMID: 35488402 PMCID: PMC9796355 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the status of UK undergraduate urology teaching against the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Undergraduate Syllabus for Urology. Secondary objectives included evaluating the type and quantity of teaching provided, the reported performance rate of General Medical Council (GMC)-mandated urological procedures, and the proportion of undergraduates considering urology as a career. MATERIALS AND METHODS LEARN was a national multicentre cross-sectional study. Year 2 to Year 5 medical students and FY1 doctors were invited to complete a survey between 3rd October and 20th December 2020, retrospectively assessing the urology teaching received to date. Results are reported according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). RESULTS 7,063/8,346 (84.6%) responses from all 39 UK medical schools were included; 1,127/7,063 (16.0%) were from Foundation Year (FY) 1 doctors, who reported that the most frequently taught topics in undergraduate training were on urinary tract infection (96.5%), acute kidney injury (95.9%) and haematuria (94.4%). The most infrequently taught topics were male urinary incontinence (59.4%), male infertility (52.4%) and erectile dysfunction (43.8%). Male and female catheterisation on patients as undergraduates was performed by 92.1% and 73.0% of FY1 doctors respectively, and 16.9% had considered a career in urology. Theory based teaching was mainly prevalent in the early years of medical school, with clinical skills teaching, and clinical placements in the later years of medical school. 20.1% of FY1 doctors reported no undergraduate clinical attachment in urology. CONCLUSION LEARN is the largest ever evaluation of undergraduate urology teaching. In the UK, teaching seemed satisfactory as evaluated by the BAUS undergraduate syllabus. However, many students report having no clinical attachments in Urology and some newly qualified doctors report never having inserted a catheter, which is a GMC mandated requirement. We recommend a greater emphasis on undergraduate clinical exposure to urology and stricter adherence to GMC mandated procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ng
- University College London (UCL) Medical SchoolUCLLondonUK
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
| | - Wai‐Shun Chan V
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Aqua Asif
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- Leicester Medical SchoolUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Alexander Light
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Chon Meng Lam
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- Bronglais General HospitalAberystwythUK
| | - Keerthanaa Jayaraajan
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - William A. Cambridge
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Meghana Kulkarni
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- Department of UrologyUrology Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Cancer Imaging Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Zhi Yang Ooi S
- Cardiff University School of MedicineUniversity Hospital WalesCardiffUK
| | - Arjun Nathan
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUCLLondonUK
| | - Najma Ahmed
- GKT School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Shivali Gadhia
- Sheffield Medical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Naomi Morka
- University College London (UCL) Medical SchoolUCLLondonUK
| | | | - Wentin Chen
- Birmingham Medical School, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Won Young Yoon
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kieran Das
- School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Kenal Patel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Ben Ayres
- Department of UrologySt George’s University Hospitals NHS TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Chris Harding
- Department of UrologyFreeman HospitalNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Toby Page
- Department of UrologyFreeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Ian Pearce
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Nikita R. Bhatt
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- Department of UrologyNorfolk and Norwich University HospitalNorwichUK
| | - Sinan Khadhouri
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- Health Science Research Unit, The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen Royal InfirmaryUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Veeru Kasivisvanathan
- British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST)LondonUK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUCLLondonUK
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Pankova V, Thway K, Jones RL, Huang PH. The Extracellular Matrix in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Pathobiology and Cellular Signalling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:763640. [PMID: 34957097 PMCID: PMC8696013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.763640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare cancers of mesenchymal origin or differentiation comprising over 70 different histological subtypes. Due to their mesenchymal differentiation, sarcomas are thought to produce and deposit large quantities of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Interactions between ECM ligands and their corresponding adhesion receptors such as the integrins and the discoidin domain receptors play key roles in driving many fundamental oncogenic processes including uncontrolled proliferation, cellular invasion and altered metabolism. In this review, we focus on emerging studies that describe the key ECM components commonly found in soft tissue sarcomas and discuss preclinical and clinical evidence outlining the important role that these proteins and their cognate adhesion receptors play in sarcomagenesis. We conclude by providing a perspective on the need for more comprehensive in-depth analyses of both the ECM and adhesion receptor biology in multiple histological subtypes in order to identify new drug targets and prognostic biomarkers for this group of rare diseases of unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Pankova
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Khin Thway
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Paul H. Huang,
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Abstract
The development of the human immune system during embryonic and fetal life has historically been difficult to research due to limited access to human tissue. Experimental animal models have been widely used to study development but cellular and molecular programmes may not be conserved across species. The advent of multiomic single-cell technologies and an increase in human developmental tissue biobank resources have facilitated single-cell multiomic studies focused on human immune development. A critical question in the near future is "How do we best reconcile scientific findings across multiple omic modalities, developmental time, and organismic space?" In this review, we discuss the application of single-cell multiomic technologies to unravel the major cellular lineages in the prenatal human immune system. We also identify key areas where the combined power of multiomics technologies can be leveraged to address specific immunological gaps in our current knowledge and explore new research horizons in human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stephenson
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Simone Webb
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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