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Lim S, Singh S, Huang FT, Pan S, Wang K, Kim J, Kim J, Vanderbilt D, Cheong SW. Magnetochiral tunneling in paramagnetic Co 1/3NbS 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318443121. [PMID: 38412131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318443121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric currents have the intriguing ability to induce magnetization in nonmagnetic crystals with sufficiently low crystallographic symmetry. Some associated phenomena include the non-linear anomalous Hall effect in polar crystals and the nonreciprocal directional dichroism in chiral crystals when magnetic fields are applied. In this work, we demonstrate that the same underlying physics is also manifested in the electronic tunneling process between the surface of a nonmagnetic chiral material and a magnetized scanning probe. In the paramagnetic but chiral metallic compound Co1/3NbS2, the magnetization induced by the tunneling current is shown to become detectable by its coupling to the magnetization of the tip itself. This results in a contrast across different chiral domains, achieving atomic-scale spatial resolution of structural chirality. To support the proposed mechanism, we used first-principles theory to compute the chirality-dependent current-induced magnetization and Berry curvature in the bulk of the material. Our demonstration of this magnetochiral tunneling effect opens up an avenue for investigating atomic-scale variations in the local crystallographic symmetry and electronic structure across the structural domain boundaries of low-symmetry nonmagnetic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoon Lim
- Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Sobhit Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Fei-Ting Huang
- Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Shangke Pan
- Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Function Materials and Preparation Science, School of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jaewook Kim
- Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - David Vanderbilt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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Singh NK, Gandu SR, Li L, Ni L, Acioglu C, Mirabelli E, Hiester LL, Elkabes S, Firestein BL. Cypin Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach to Treat Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Mechanical Pain. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0451-23.2024. [PMID: 38302457 PMCID: PMC10875717 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0451-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cypin (cytosolic postsynaptic density protein 95 interactor) is the primary guanine deaminase in the central nervous system (CNS), promoting the metabolism of guanine to xanthine, an important reaction in the purine salvage pathway. Activation of the purine salvage pathway leads to the production of uric acid (UA). UA has paradoxical effects, specifically in the context of CNS injury as it confers neuroprotection, but it also promotes pain. Since neuropathic pain is a comorbidity associated with spinal cord injury (SCI), we postulated that small molecule cypin inhibitor B9 treatment could attenuate SCI-induced neuropathic pain, potentially by interfering with UA production. However, we also considered that this treatment could hinder the neuroprotective effects of UA and, in doing so, exacerbate SCI outcomes. To address our hypothesis, we induced a moderate midthoracic contusion SCI in female mice and assessed whether transient intrathecal administration of B9, starting at 1 d postinjury (dpi) until 7 dpi, attenuates mechanical pain in hindlimbs at 3 weeks pi. We also evaluated the effects of B9 on the spontaneous recovery of locomotor function. We found that B9 alleviates mechanical pain but does not affect locomotor function. Importantly, B9 does not exacerbate lesion volume at the epicenter. In accordance with these findings, B9 does not aggravate glutamate-induced excitotoxic death of SC neurons in vitro. Moreover, SCI-induced increased astrocyte reactivity at the glial scar is not altered by B9 treatment. Our data suggest that B9 treatment reduces mechanical pain without exerting major detrimental effects following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha K Singh
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Srinivasa R Gandu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Lun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Li Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Cigdem Acioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Ersilia Mirabelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Liam L Hiester
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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Mueller NT, Differding MK, Sun H, Wang J, Levy S, Deopujari V, Appel LJ, Blaser MJ, Kundu T, Shah AA, Dominguez Bello MG, Hourigan SK. Maternal Bacterial Engraftment in Multiple Body Sites of Cesarean Section Born Neonates after Vaginal Seeding-a Randomized Controlled Trial. mBio 2023; 14:e0049123. [PMID: 37074174 PMCID: PMC10294643 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00491-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Children delivered by elective, prelabor Cesarean section (C-section) are not exposed to the birth canal microbiota and, in relation to vaginally delivered children, show altered microbiota development. Perturbed microbial colonization during critical early-life windows of development alters metabolic and immune programming and is associated with an increased risk of immune and metabolic diseases. In nonrandomized studies, vaginal seeding of C-section-born neonates partially restores their microbiota colonization to that of their vaginally delivered counterparts, but without randomization, confounding factors cannot be excluded. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we determined the effect of vaginal seeding versus placebo seeding (control arm) on the skin and stool microbiota of elective, prelabor C-section-born neonates (n = 20) at 1 day and 1 month after birth. We also examined whether there were between-arm differences in engraftment of maternal microbes in the neonatal microbiota. In relation to the control arm, vaginal seeding increased mother-to-neonate microbiota transmission and caused compositional changes and a reduction in alpha diversity (Shannon Index) of the skin and stool microbiota. The neonatal skin and stool microbiota alpha diversity when maternal vaginal microbiota is provided is intriguing and highlights the need of larger randomized studies to determine the ecological mechanisms and effects of vaginal seeding on clinical outcomes. IMPORTANCE Children delivered by elective C-section are not exposed to the birth canal and show altered microbiota development. Impairing microbial colonization during early life alters metabolic and immune programming and is associated with an increased risk of immune and metabolic diseases. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we determined the effect of vaginal seeding on the skin and stool microbiota of elective C-section born neonates and found that vaginal seeding increased mother-to-neonate microbiota transmission and caused compositional changes and a reduction in the skin and stool microbiota diversity. The reduction of neonatal skin and stool microbiota diversity when maternal vaginal microbiota is provided is intriguing and highlights the need of larger randomized studies to determine the ecological mechanisms and effects of vaginal seeding on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel T. Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Moira K. Differding
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shira Levy
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Inova Children’s Hospital, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Varsha Deopujari
- Inova Children’s Hospital, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tanima Kundu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ankit A. Shah
- Inova Women’s Hospital, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez Bello
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suchitra K. Hourigan
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Inova Children’s Hospital, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
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