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Goldfarb Y, Givony T, Kadouri N, Dobeš J, Peligero-Cruz C, Zalayat I, Damari G, Dassa B, Ben-Dor S, Gruper Y, Oftedal BE, Bratland E, Erichsen MM, Berger A, Avin A, Nevo S, Haljasorg U, Kuperman Y, Ulman A, Haffner-Krausz R, Porat Z, Atasoy U, Leshkowitz D, Husebye ES, Abramson J. Mechanistic dissection of dominant AIRE mutations in mouse models reveals AIRE autoregulation. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201076. [PMID: 34477806 PMCID: PMC8421262 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is essential for the establishment of central tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. Interestingly, different AIRE mutations cause autoimmunity in either recessive or dominant-negative manners. Using engineered mouse models, we establish that some monoallelic mutants, including C311Y and C446G, cause breakdown of central tolerance. By using RNAseq, ATACseq, ChIPseq, and protein analyses, we dissect the underlying mechanisms for their dominancy. Specifically, we show that recessive mutations result in a lack of AIRE protein expression, while the dominant mutations in both PHD domains augment the expression of dysfunctional AIRE with altered capacity to bind chromatin and induce gene expression. Finally, we demonstrate that enhanced AIRE expression is partially due to increased chromatin accessibility of the AIRE proximal enhancer, which serves as a docking site for AIRE binding. Therefore, our data not only elucidate why some AIRE mutations are recessive while others dominant, but also identify an autoregulatory mechanism by which AIRE negatively modulates its own expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Itay Zalayat
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Golda Damari
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Gruper
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bergithe E. Oftedal
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Bratland
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Amund Berger
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ayelet Avin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uku Haljasorg
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yael Kuperman
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Ulman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ulus Atasoy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eystein S. Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University and Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Peligero-Cruz C, Givony T, Sebé-Pedrós A, Dobeš J, Kadouri N, Nevo S, Roncato F, Alon R, Goldfarb Y, Abramson J. IL18 signaling promotes homing of mature Tregs into the thymus. eLife 2020; 9:e58213. [PMID: 32687059 PMCID: PMC7371425 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent suppressor cells, essential for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Most Tregs develop in the thymus and are then released into the immune periphery. However, some Tregs populate the thymus and constitute a major subset of yet poorly understood cells. Here we describe a subset of thymus recirculating IL18R+ Tregs with molecular characteristics highly reminiscent of tissue-resident effector Tregs. Moreover, we show that IL18R+ Tregs are endowed with higher capacity to populate the thymus than their IL18R- or IL18R-/- counterparts, highlighting the key role of IL18R in this process. Finally, we demonstrate that IL18 signaling is critical for the induction of the key thymus-homing chemokine receptor - CCR6 on Tregs. Collectively, this study provides a detailed characterization of the mature Treg subsets in the mouse thymus and identifies a key role of IL18 signaling in controlling the CCR6-CCL20-dependent migration of Tregs into the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Arnau Sebé-Pedrós
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Francesco Roncato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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