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Vos R, Kolmeijer KE, Jacobs TS, van der Stam W, Weckhuysen BM, Koper MTM. How Temperature Affects the Selectivity of the Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction on Copper. ACS Catal 2023; 13:8080-8091. [PMID: 37342834 PMCID: PMC10278069 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a unique catalyst for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) as it can produce multi-carbon products, such as ethylene and propanol. As practical electrolyzers will likely operate at elevated temperatures, the effect of reaction temperature on the product distribution and activity of CO2RR on copper is important to elucidate. In this study, we have performed electrolysis experiments at different reaction temperatures and potentials. We show that there are two distinct temperature regimes. From 18 up to ∼48 °C, C2+ products are produced with higher Faradaic efficiency, while methane and formic acid selectivity decreases and hydrogen selectivity stays approximately constant. From 48 to 70 °C, it was found that HER dominates and the activity of CO2RR decreases. Moreover, the CO2RR products produced in this higher temperature range are mainly the C1 products, namely, CO and HCOOH. We argue that CO surface coverage, local pH, and kinetics play an important role in the lower-temperature regime, while the second regime appears most likely to be related to structural changes in the copper surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaël
E. Vos
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O.Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kees E. Kolmeijer
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O.Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thimo S. Jacobs
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ward van der Stam
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O.Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Burton MR, Howells G, Mehraban S, McGettrick JD, Lavery N, Carnie MJ. Fully 3D Printed Tin Selenide (SnSe) Thermoelectric Generators with Alternating n-Type and p-Type Legs. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2023; 6:5498-5507. [PMID: 37234971 PMCID: PMC10206617 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tin selenide (SnSe) has attracted much attention in the field of thermoelectrics since the discovery of the record figure of merit (zT) of 2.6 ± 0.3. While there have been many publications on p-type SnSe, to manufacture efficient SnSe thermoelectric generators, ann-type is also required. Publications on n-type SnSe, however, are limited. This paper reports a pseudo-3D-printing technique to fabricate bulk n-type SnSe elements, by utilizing Bi as a dopant. Various Bi doping levels are investigated and characterized over a wide range of temperatures and through multiple thermal cycles. Stable n-type SnSe elements are then combined with printed p-type SnSe elements to fabricate a fully printed alternating n- and p-type thermoelectric generator, which is shown to produce 145 μW at 774 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Richard Burton
- SPECIFIC-IKC,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1
8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Geraint Howells
- SPECIFIC-IKC,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1
8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Shahin Mehraban
- MACH
1, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea
University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United
Kingdom
| | - James D. McGettrick
- SPECIFIC-IKC,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1
8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Lavery
- MACH
1, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea
University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United
Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Carnie
- SPECIFIC-IKC,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1
8EN, United Kingdom
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3
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Kushwaha A, Sahoo MR, Ray M, Das D, Nayak S, Maity A, Sarkar K, Bhagat AN, Pal AR, Rout TK, Nayak SK. Functional Pyromellitic Diimide as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Galvanized Steel: An Atomic-Scale Engineering. ACS Omega 2022; 7:27116-27125. [PMID: 35967049 PMCID: PMC9366774 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion of metal/steel is a major concern in terms of safety, durability, cost, and environment. We have studied a cost-effective, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) compound as a corrosion inhibitor for galvanized steel through density functional theory. An atomic-scale engineering through the functionalization of PMDI is performed to showcase the enhancement in corrosion inhibition and strengthen the interaction between functionalized PMDI (F-PMDI) and zinc oxide (naturally existing on galvanized steel). PMDI is functionalized with methyl/diamine groups (inh1 (R = -CH3, R' = -CH3), inh2 (R = -CH3, R' = -CH2CH2NH2), and inh3 (R = -C6H3(NH2)2, R' = -CH2CH2NH2). The corrosion inhibition parameters (e.g., orbital energies, electronegativity, dipole moment, global hardness, and electron transfer) indicate the superior corrosion inhibition performance of inh3 (inh3 > inh2 > inh1). Inh3 (∼182.38 kJ/mol) strongly interacts with ZnO(101̅0) compared to inh2 (∼122.56 kJ/mol) and inh1 (∼119.66 kJ/mol). The superior performance of inh3 has been probed through charge density and density of states. Larger available states of N and H (of inh3) interact strongly with Zn and Osurf (of the surface), respectively, creating N-Zn and H-Osurf bonds. Interestingly, these bonds only appear in inh3. The charge accumulation on Osurf, and depletion on H(s), further strengthens the bonding between inh3 and ZnO(101̅0). The microscopic understanding obtained in this study will be useful to develop low-cost and efficient corrosion inhibitors for galvanized steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop
Kumar Kushwaha
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Khordha 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Mihir Ranjan Sahoo
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Khordha 752050, Odisha, India
- Harish-Chandra
Research Institute, HBNI, Prayagraj 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mausumi Ray
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Debashish Das
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Khordha 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Suryakanta Nayak
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Apurba Maity
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Kuntal Sarkar
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Amar Nath Bhagat
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Atanu Ranjan Pal
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Rout
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Nayak
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Khordha 752050, Odisha, India
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Kumar M, Gulati S, Ansari AH, Phutela R, Acharya S, Azhar M, Murthy J, Kathpalia P, Kanakan A, Maurya R, Vasudevan JS, S A, Pandey R, Maiti S, Chakraborty D. FnCas9-based CRISPR diagnostic for rapid and accurate detection of major SARS-CoV-2 variants on a paper strip. eLife 2021; 10:e67130. [PMID: 34106048 PMCID: PMC8289407 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic originating in the Wuhan province of China in late 2019 has impacted global health, causing increased mortality among elderly patients and individuals with comorbid conditions. During the passage of the virus through affected populations, it has undergone mutations, some of which have recently been linked with increased viral load and prognostic complexities. Several of these variants are point mutations that are difficult to diagnose using the gold standard quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method and necessitates widespread sequencing which is expensive, has long turn-around times, and requires high viral load for calling mutations accurately. Here, we repurpose the high specificity of Francisella novicida Cas9 (FnCas9) to identify mismatches in the target for developing a lateral flow assay that can be successfully adapted for the simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as for detecting point mutations in the sequence of the virus obtained from patient samples. We report the detection of the S gene mutation N501Y (present across multiple variant lineages of SARS-CoV-2) within an hour using lateral flow paper strip chemistry. The results were corroborated using deep sequencing on multiple wild-type (n = 37) and mutant (n = 22) virus infected patient samples with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 97%. The design principle can be rapidly adapted for other mutations (as shown also for E484K and T716I) highlighting the advantages of quick optimization and roll-out of CRISPR diagnostics (CRISPRDx) for disease surveillance even beyond COVID-19. This study was funded by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Sneha Gulati
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Asgar H Ansari
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Rhythm Phutela
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Sundaram Acharya
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Mohd Azhar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Jayaram Murthy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Poorti Kathpalia
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Akshay Kanakan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
| | - Ranjeet Maurya
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | | | - Aparna S
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
- CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPuneIndia
| | - Debojyoti Chakraborty
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyMathuraIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
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