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Tran BM, Grimley SL, McAuley JL, Hachani A, Earnest L, Wong SL, Caly L, Druce J, Purcell DFJ, Jackson DC, Catton M, Nowell CJ, Leonie L, Deliyannis G, Waters SA, Torresi J, Vincan E. Air-Liquid-Interface Differentiated Human Nose Epithelium: A Robust Primary Tissue Culture Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:835. [PMID: 35055020 PMCID: PMC8776210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global urgency to uncover medical countermeasures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has revealed an unmet need for robust tissue culture models that faithfully recapitulate key features of human tissues and disease. Infection of the nose is considered the dominant initial site for SARS-CoV-2 infection and models that replicate this entry portal offer the greatest potential for examining and demonstrating the effectiveness of countermeasures designed to prevent or manage this highly communicable disease. Here, we test an air-liquid-interface (ALI) differentiated human nasal epithelium (HNE) culture system as a model of authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Progenitor cells (basal cells) were isolated from nasal turbinate brushings, expanded under conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) culture conditions and differentiated at ALI. Differentiated cells were inoculated with different SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolates. Infectious virus release into apical washes was determined by TCID50, while infected cells were visualized by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. We demonstrate robust, reproducible SARS-CoV-2 infection of ALI-HNE established from different donors. Viral entry and release occurred from the apical surface, and infection was primarily observed in ciliated cells. In contrast to the ancestral clinical isolate, the Delta variant caused considerable cell damage. Successful establishment of ALI-HNE is donor dependent. ALI-HNE recapitulate key features of human SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nose and can serve as a pre-clinical model without the need for invasive collection of human respiratory tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang M. Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Samantha L. Grimley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Julie L. McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Linda Earnest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Sharon L. Wong
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.L.W.); (S.A.W.)
| | - Leon Caly
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Julian Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Damian F. J. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - David C. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Mike Catton
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Imaging, FACS and Analysis Core, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Laura Leonie
- Melbourne Histology Platform, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Shafagh A. Waters
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.L.W.); (S.A.W.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.); (M.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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