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Sihvonen AJ, Ferguson MA, Chen V, Soinila S, Särkämö T, Joutsa J. Focal Brain Lesions Causing Acquired Amusia Map to a Common Brain Network. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1922232024. [PMID: 38423761 PMCID: PMC11007473 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1922-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Music is a universal human attribute. The study of amusia, a neurologic music processing deficit, has increasingly elaborated our view on the neural organization of the musical brain. However, lesions causing amusia occur in multiple brain locations and often also cause aphasia, leaving the distinct neural networks for amusia unclear. Here, we utilized lesion network mapping to identify these networks. A systematic literature search was carried out to identify all published case reports of lesion-induced amusia. The reproducibility and specificity of the identified amusia network were then tested in an independent prospective cohort of 97 stroke patients (46 female and 51 male) with repeated structural brain imaging, specifically assessed for both music perception and language abilities. Lesion locations in the case reports were heterogeneous but connected to common brain regions, including bilateral temporoparietal and insular cortices, precentral gyrus, and cingulum. In the prospective cohort, lesions causing amusia mapped to a common brain network, centering on the right superior temporal cortex and clearly distinct from the network causally associated with aphasia. Lesion-induced longitudinal structural effects in the amusia circuit were confirmed as reduction of both gray and white matter volume, which correlated with the severity of amusia. We demonstrate that despite the heterogeneity of lesion locations disrupting music processing, there is a common brain network that is distinct from the language network. These results provide evidence for the distinct neural substrate of music processing, differentiating music-related functions from language, providing a testable target for noninvasive brain stimulation to treat amusia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi J Sihvonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Queensland Aphasia Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Michael A Ferguson
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Vicky Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Seppo Soinila
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
- Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
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Li C, Sun C, Mahapatra KD, Riihilä P, Knuutila J, Nissinen L, Lapins J, Kähäri VM, Homey B, Sonkoly E, Pivarcsi A. Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 is overexpressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and exon 2 is critical for its oncogenicity. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:415-426. [PMID: 37930852 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common and fastest increasing forms of cancer worldwide with metastatic potential. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules with essential regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological processes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and mode of action of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in cSCC. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and single-molecule in situ hybridization were used to quantify the expression level of PVT1 in normal skin, premalignant skin lesions, actinic keratosis (AK) and primary and metastatic cSCCs. The function of PVT1 in cSCC was investigated both in vivo (tumour xenografts) and in vitro (competitive cell growth assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, colony formation assay and tumour spheroid formation assay) upon CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of the entire PVT1 locus, the knockout of exon 2 of PVT1, and locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmer-mediated PVT1 knockdown. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify genes and processes regulated by PVT1. RESULTS We identified PVT1 as a lncRNA upregulated in cSCC in situ and cSCC, associated with the malignant phenotype of cSCC. We showed that the expression of PVT1 in cSCC was regulated by MYC. Both CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of the entire PVT1 locus and LNA gapmer-mediated knockdown of PVT1 transcript impaired the malignant behaviour of cSCC cells, suggesting that PVT1 is an oncogenic transcript in cSCC. Furthermore, knockout of PVT1 exon 2 inhibited cSCC tumour growth both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating that exon 2 is a critical element for the oncogenic role of PVT1. Mechanistically, we showed that PVT1 was localized in the cell nucleus and its deletion resulted in cellular senescence, increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21/CDKN1A) expression and cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a previously unrecognized role for exon 2 of PVT1 in its oncogenic role and that PVT1 suppresses cellular senescence in cSCC. PVT1 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
| | - Chengxi Sun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | | | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Knuutila
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Lapins
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Enikö Sonkoly
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andor Pivarcsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bucci M, Rebelos E, Oikonen V, Rinne J, Nummenmaa L, Iozzo P, Nuutila P. Kinetic Modeling of Brain [ 18-F]FDG Positron Emission Tomography Time Activity Curves with Input Function Recovery (IR) Method. Metabolites 2024; 14:114. [PMID: 38393006 PMCID: PMC10890269 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate positron emission tomography (PET) data quantification relies on high-quality input plasma curves, but venous blood sampling may yield poor-quality data, jeopardizing modeling outcomes. In this study, we aimed to recover sub-optimal input functions by using information from the tail (5th-100th min) of curves obtained through the frequent sampling protocol and an input recovery (IR) model trained with reference curves of optimal shape. Initially, we included 170 plasma input curves from eight published studies with clamp [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET exams. Model validation involved 78 brain PET studies for which compartmental model (CM) analysis was feasible (reference (ref) + training sets). Recovered curves were compared with original curves using area under curve (AUC), max peak standardized uptake value (maxSUV). CM parameters (ref + training sets) and fractional uptake rate (FUR) (all sets) were computed. Original and recovered curves from the ref set had comparable AUC (d = 0.02, not significant (NS)), maxSUV (d = 0.05, NS) and comparable brain CM results (NS). Recovered curves from the training set were different from the original according to maxSUV (d = 3) and biologically plausible according to the max theoretical K1 (53//56). Brain CM results were different in the training set (p < 0.05 for all CM parameters and brain regions) but not in the ref set. FUR showed reductions similarly in the recovered curves of the training and test sets compared to the original curves (p < 0.05 for all regions for both sets). The IR method successfully recovered the plasma inputs of poor quality, rescuing cases otherwise excluded from the kinetic modeling results. The validation approach proved useful and can be applied to different tracers and metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska University, SE-141 84 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
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Lehtonen E, Kujala I, Tamminen J, Maaniitty T, Saraste A, Teuho J, Knuuti J, Klén R. Incremental prognostic value of downstream positron emission tomography perfusion imaging after coronary computed tomography angiography: a study using machine learning. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:285-292. [PMID: 37774503 PMCID: PMC10824480 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the incremental value of positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) over coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in predicting short- and long-term outcome using machine learning (ML) approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 2411 patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent CCTA, out of whom 891 patients were admitted to downstream PET MPI for haemodynamic evaluation of obstructive coronary stenosis. Two sets of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ML models were trained, one with all the clinical and imaging variables (including PET) and the other with only clinical and CCTA-based variables. Difference in the performance of the two sets was analysed by means of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). After the removal of incomplete data entries, 2284 patients remained for further analysis. During the 8-year follow-up, 210 adverse events occurred including 59 myocardial infarctions, 35 unstable angina pectoris, and 116 deaths. The PET MPI data improved the outcome prediction over CCTA during the first 4 years of the observation time and the highest AUC was at the observation time of Year 1 (0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.804-0.827). After that, there was no significant incremental prognostic value by PET MPI. CONCLUSION PET MPI variables improve the prediction of adverse events beyond CCTA imaging alone for the first 4 years of follow-up. This illustrates the complementary nature of anatomic and functional information in predicting the outcome of patients with suspected CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Lehtonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Iida Kujala
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jonne Tamminen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Maaniitty
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Lehtovirta M, Pahkala K, Rovio SP, Magnussen CG, Laitinen TT, Niinikoski H, Lagström H, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Jula A, Ala-Korpela M, Raitakari OT. Association of tobacco smoke exposure with metabolic profile from childhood to early adulthood: the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:103-115. [PMID: 37655930 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the associations between passive tobacco smoke exposure and daily smoking with a comprehensive metabolic profile, measured repeatedly from childhood to adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS Study cohort was derived from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Smoking status was obtained by questionnaire, while serum cotinine concentrations were measured using gas chromatography. Metabolic measures were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics at 9 (n = 539), 11 (n = 536), 13 (n = 525), 15 (n = 488), 17 (n = 455), and 19 (n = 409) years. Association of passive tobacco smoke exposure with metabolic profile compared participants who reported less-than-weekly smoking and had serum cotinine concentration <1 ng/mL (no exposure) with those whose cotinine concentration was ≥10 ng/mL (passive tobacco smoke exposure). Associations of daily smoking with metabolic profile in adolescence were analysed by comparing participants reporting daily smoking with those reporting no tobacco use and having serum cotinine concentrations <1 ng/mL. Passive tobacco smoke exposure was directly associated with the serum ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids [β = 0.34 standard deviation (SD), (0.17-0.51), P < 0.0001] and inversely associated with the serum ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Exposure to passive tobacco smoke was directly associated with very-low-density lipoprotein particle size [β = 0.28 SD, (0.12-0.45), P = 0.001] and inversely associated with HDL particle size {β = -0.21 SD, [-0.34 to -0.07], P = 0.003}. Daily smokers exhibited a similar metabolic profile to those exposed to passive tobacco smoke. These results persisted after adjusting for body mass index, STRIP study group allocation, dietary target score, pubertal status, and parental socio-economic status. CONCLUSION Both passive and active tobacco smoke exposures during childhood and adolescence are detrimentally associated with circulating metabolic measures indicative of increased cardio-metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Lehtovirta
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Loponen N, Ylä‐Outinen H, Kallionpää RA, Valtanen M, Auranen K, Järveläinen H, Peltonen S, Peltonen J. Hypertension in NF1: A closer look at the primacy of essential hypertension versus secondary causes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2346. [PMID: 38131619 PMCID: PMC10767585 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyze hypertension in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in a Finnish population-based cohort in 1996-2014. METHODS A cohort of 1365 individuals with confirmed NF1 was compared with a control cohort of 13,923 individuals matched for age, sex, and area of residence. Diagnoses of hypertension were retrieved from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. These registered data were separately analyzed for secondary and essential hypertension. Purchases of antihypertensive drugs were queried from the Finnish Register of Reimbursed Drug Purchases. RESULTS We identified 115 NF1 patients with hospital diagnosis of hypertension. Our findings revealed a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.64 (95% CI 1.34-2.00, p < 0.001) in NF1 versus controls. NF1 patients presented with a significantly increased hazard for both secondary hypertension (n = 9, HR 3.76, 95% CI 1.77-7.95, p < 0.001) and essential hypertension (n = 98, HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.39-2.14, p < 0.001). No difference in the HR of hypertension was observed between men and women, while NF1 patients with essential hypertension were, on average, younger than the controls. The proportions of individuals with antihypertensive medication did not differ between NF1 patients and controls (OR 0.85). CONCLUSION NF1 is a risk factor for hypertension. Despite the recognized risk for secondary hypertension, essential hypertension is the predominant type in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Loponen
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Heli Ylä‐Outinen
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Roope A. Kallionpää
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Mikko Valtanen
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Population Health UnitFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kari Auranen
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Hannu Järveläinen
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Internal MedicineSatakunta Central HospitalPoriFinland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyInstitute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Forsström V, Toivonen L, Homil K, Waris M, Pedersen CET, Bønnelykke K, Jartti T, Peltola V. Association of Asthma Risk Alleles With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and Wheezing Illnesses in Young Children. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:990-998. [PMID: 36967681 PMCID: PMC10582910 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified several risk alleles for early childhood asthma, particularly in the 17q21 locus and in the cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) gene. Contribution of these alleles to the risk of acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) in early childhood is unclear. METHODS We analyzed data from the STEPS birth-cohort study of unselected children and the VINKU and VINKU2 studies on children with severe wheezing illness. Genome-wide genotyping was performed on 1011 children. We analyzed the association between 11 preselected asthma risk alleles and the risk of ARIs and wheezing illnesses of various viral etiologies. RESULTS The asthma risk alleles in CDHR3, GSDMA, and GSDMB were associated with an increased rate of ARIs (for CDHR3, incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.12; P = .02), and risk allele in CDHR3 gene with rhinovirus infections (IRR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.20, P = .03). Asthma risk alleles in GSDMA, GSDMB, IKZF3, ZPBP2, and ORMDL3 genes were associated with wheezing illnesses in early childhood, especially rhinovirus-positive wheezing illnesses. CONCLUSIONS Asthma risk alleles were associated with an increased rate of ARIs and an increased risk of viral wheezing illnesses. Nonwheezing and wheezing ARIs and asthma may have shared genetic risk factors. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00494624 and NCT00731575.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Forsström
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Toivonen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kiara Homil
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Waris
- Virology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Casper-Emil T Pedersen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Peltola
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ellis EG, Joutsa J, Morrison-Ham J, Younger EFP, Saward JB, Caeyenberghs K, Corp DT. Large-scale activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of parkinsonian disorders. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad172. [PMID: 37324240 PMCID: PMC10265724 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a feature of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome and multiple system atrophy. Neuroimaging studies have yielded insights into parkinsonian disorders; however, due to variability in results, the brain regions consistently implicated in these disorders remain to be characterized. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify consistent brain abnormalities in individual parkinsonian disorders (Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome and multiple system atrophy) and to investigate any shared abnormalities across disorders. A total of 44 591 studies were systematically screened following searches of two databases. A series of whole-brain activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed on 132 neuroimaging studies (69 Parkinson's disease; 23 progressive supranuclear palsy; 17 corticobasal syndrome; and 23 multiple system atrophy) utilizing anatomical MRI, perfusion or metabolism PET and single-photon emission computed tomography. Meta-analyses were performed in each parkinsonian disorder within each imaging modality, as well as across all included disorders. Results in progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy aligned with current imaging markers for diagnosis, encompassing the midbrain, and brainstem and putamen, respectively. PET imaging studies of patients with Parkinson's disease most consistently reported abnormality of the middle temporal gyrus. No significant clusters were identified in corticobasal syndrome. When examining abnormalities shared across all four disorders, the caudate was consistently reported in MRI studies, whilst the thalamus, inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyri were commonly implicated by PET. To our knowledge, this is the largest meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies in parkinsonian disorders and the first to characterize brain regions implicated across parkinsonian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Ellis
- Correspondence to: Elizabeth G. Ellis Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia E-mail:
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Jordan Morrison-Ham
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Ellen F P Younger
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Jacqueline B Saward
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Daniel T Corp
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Daniel T. Corp Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia E-mail:
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9
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Singh T, Lavikainen LI, Halme ALE, Aaltonen R, Agarwal A, Blanker MH, Bolsunovskyi K, Cartwright R, García-Perdomo H, Gutschon R, Lee Y, Pourjamal N, Vernooij RWM, Violette PD, Haukka J, Guyatt GH, Tikkinen KAO. Timing of symptomatic venous thromboembolism after surgery: meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2023; 110:553-561. [PMID: 36912116 PMCID: PMC10364527 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing at which venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs after major surgery has major implications for the optimal duration of thromboprophylaxis. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the timing of postoperative VTE up to 4 weeks after surgery. METHODS A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases was performed between 1 January 2009 and 1 April 2022. Prospective studies that recruited patients who underwent a surgical procedure and reported at least 20 symptomatic, postoperative VTE events by time were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies according to the eligibility criteria, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias. Data were analysed with a Poisson regression model, and the GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence. RESULTS Some 6258 studies were evaluated, of which 22 (11 general, 5 urological, 4 mixed, and 2 orthopaedic postoperative surgical populations; total 1 864 875 patients and 24 927 VTE events) were eligible. Pooled evidence of moderate certainty showed that 47.1 per cent of the VTE events occurred during the first, 26.9 per cent during the second, 15.8 per cent during the third, and 10.1 per cent during the fourth week after surgery. The timing of VTE was consistent between individual studies. CONCLUSION Although nearly half of symptomatic VTE events in first 4 weeks occur during the first postoperative week, a substantial number of events occur several weeks after surgery. These data will inform clinicians and guideline developers about the duration of postoperative thromboprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Alex L E Halme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco H Blanker
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kostiantyn Bolsunovskyi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Raseborg Health Centre, City of Raseborg, Raseborg, Finland
| | - Rufus Cartwright
- Departments of Gynaecology and Gender Affirmation Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Herney García-Perdomo
- Division of Urology/Uro-oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Rachel Gutschon
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Woodstock Hospital, Woodstock, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yung Lee
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Negar Pourjamal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robin W M Vernooij
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe D Violette
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Woodstock Hospital, Woodstock, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jari Haukka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kari A O Tikkinen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, South Karelian Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
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10
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Rodprasert W, Koskenniemi JJ, Virtanen HE, Sadov S, Perheentupa A, Ollila H, Albrethsen J, Andersson AM, Juul A, Skakkebaek NE, Main KM, Toppari J. Reproductive Markers of Testicular Function and Size During Puberty in Boys With and Without a History of Cryptorchidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3353-3361. [PMID: 36073163 PMCID: PMC9693807 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Longitudinal data on levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) during puberty in boys with a history of cryptorchidism are largely missing. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare pubertal hormone levels between boys with a history of congenital cryptorchidism who experienced spontaneous testicular descent or underwent orchiopexy and boys without a history of cryptorchidism. METHODS This was a nested case-control study within a population-based birth cohort, with a prospective, longitudinal pubertal follow-up every 6 months (2005 to 2019). Participants were 109 Finnish boys, including boys with a history of unilateral cryptorchidism who underwent orchiopexy (n = 15), unilateral cryptorchidism who had spontaneous testicular descent (n = 15), bilateral cryptorchidism who underwent orchiopexy (n = 9), bilateral cryptorchidism who had spontaneous testicular descent (n = 7), and controls (n = 63). Serum reproductive hormone levels and testicular volumes were measured. RESULTS From around onset of puberty, boys with bilateral cryptorchidism who underwent orchiopexy had significantly higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lower inhibin B levels than controls. Boys with unilateral cryptorchidism who underwent orchiopexy had significantly higher FSH than controls, whereas inhibin B levels were similar. Testosterone, luteinizing hormone, insulin-like factor 3, and IGF-I were generally similar between groups. Testicular volume of boys with unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism who underwent orchiopexy was smaller than that of the controls from 1 year after pubertal onset (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cryptorchid boys, particularly those with bilateral cryptorchidism who underwent orchiopexy, had altered levels of serum biomarkers of Sertoli cells and germ cells and smaller testicular volumes compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helena E Virtanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Sergey Sadov
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Antti Perheentupa
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Helena Ollila
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Jakob Albrethsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Centre for Research and research training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Centre for Research and research training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Centre for Research and research training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Niels E Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Centre for Research and research training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Centre for Research and research training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Correspondence: Jorma Toppari, M.D. Ph.D., Institute of Biomedicine, room # A506, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku Finland.
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11
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Inkeroinen S, Koskinen J, Karlsson M, Kilpi T, Leino-Kilpi H, Puukka P, Taponen RM, Tuominen R, Virtanen H. Sufficiency of Knowledge Processed in Patient Education in Dialysis Care. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:1165-1175. [PMID: 34079237 PMCID: PMC8166350 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s304530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient education improves health and treatment adherence of patients with chronic kidney disease. However, evidence about the sufficiency of patients' knowledge processed in patient education is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate subjective and objective sufficiency of knowledge processed in patient education in dialysis care and treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. The sample (n=162) comprised patients in predialysis or home dialysis. All eligible patients during the data collection timeframe (2016-2017) in two university hospital districts in Finland were invited to participate. Subjective sufficiency was evaluated with a structured questionnaire having 34 items divided into six dimensions of empowering knowledge (bio-physiological, functional, social, experiential, ethical, and financial) on a Likert scale (1=not sufficient at all, 4=very sufficient). Objective sufficiency was evaluated with a structured knowledge test with 10 items (score range 0-10, correct=1, wrong/no knowledge=0) based on the multidimensional content of patient education emphasizing bio-physiological dimension. RESULTS In subjective sufficiency of knowledge, the mean was 3.27 (SD 0.54). The bio-physiological dimension of empowering knowledge was the most sufficient (mean 3.52, SD 0.49) and the experiential the least (mean 2.8, SD 0.88). In objective sufficiency, the means ranged 5.15-5.97 (SD 2.37-2.68) among patients in different modalities of dialysis care and treatment. The least sufficient objective scores were bio-physiological and functional knowledge. The subjective and objective sufficiency did not correlate with each other. CONCLUSION Patients' knowledge, either subjective or objective, does not seem to be sufficient. Hence, attention should be paid to supporting patients with more personalized knowledge. Furthermore, the relationship between subjective and objective sufficiency needs future consideration, as their non-correspondence was a new discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Inkeroinen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: Saija Inkeroinen Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, FinlandTel +358400760698 Email
| | - Jenni Koskinen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mia Karlsson
- Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Kilpi
- Turku City Welfare, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Leino-Kilpi
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauli Puukka
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ros-Marie Taponen
- Abdominal Center Dialysis Unit, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heli Virtanen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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12
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Rebelos E, Hirvonen J, Bucci M, Pekkarinen L, Nyman M, Hannukainen JC, Iozzo P, Salminen P, Nummenmaa L, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. Brain free fatty acid uptake is elevated in morbid obesity, and is irreversible 6 months after bariatric surgery: A positron emission tomography study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:1074-1082. [PMID: 32052537 PMCID: PMC7318232 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether there are differences in brain fatty acid uptake (BFAU) between morbidly obese and lean subjects, and the effect of weight loss following bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured BFAU with 14(R, S)-[18 F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid and positron emission tomography in 24 morbidly obese and 14 lean women. Obese subjects were restudied 6 months after bariatric surgery. We also assessed whether there was hypothalamic neuroinflammation in the obese subjects using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Obese subjects had a higher BFAU than lean subjects (1.12 [0.61] vs. 0.72 [0.50] μmol 100 g-1 min-1 , P = 0.0002), driven by higher fatty acid uptake availability. BFAU correlated positively with BMI (P = 0.006, r = 0.48), whole body fatty acid oxidation (P = 0.006, r = 0.47) and leptin levels (P = 0.001, r = 0.54). When BFAU, leptin and body mass index (BMI) were included in the same model, the association between BFAU and leptin was the strongest. BFAU did not correlate with FLAIR-derived estimates of hypothalamic inflammation. Six months after bariatric surgery, obese subjects achieved significant weight loss (-10 units of BMI). BFAU was not significantly changed (1.12 [0.61] vs. 1.09 [0.39] μmol 100 g-1 min-1 , ns), probably because of the ongoing catabolic state. Finally, baseline BFAU predicted worse plasma glucose levels at 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS BFAU is increased in morbidly obese compared with lean subjects, and is unchanged 6 months after bariatric surgery. Baseline BFAU predicts worse plasma glucose levels at follow-up, supporting the notion that the brain participates in the control of whole-body homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku PET CentreÅbo AkademiTurkuFinland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of RadiologyTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku PET CentreÅbo AkademiTurkuFinland
| | | | - Mikko Nyman
- Department of RadiologyTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Patricia Iozzo
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research Council (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Department of Digestive Surgery and UrologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research Council (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of EndocrinologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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13
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Leppävirta J, Kallionpää RA, Uusitalo E, Vahlberg T, Pöyhönen M, Peltonen J, Peltonen S. Neurofibromatosis type 1 of the child increases birth weight. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1173-1183. [PMID: 31016862 PMCID: PMC6618292 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with reduced adult height, but there are no cohort studies on birth size. This retrospective study includes a cohort of 1,410 persons with NF1 and a matched comparison cohort from the general population. Figures for birth size were retrieved from the administrative registers of Finland, and the data were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS), defined as standard deviation difference to the reference population. The birth weight among infants with NF1 was higher than among infants without the disorder (adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 0.53 SDS [0.19–0.87]), as was the head circumference at birth (0.58 SDS [0.26–0.90]). The birth length of the NF1 infants did not differ significantly from the comparison cohort. The birth weight in the group consisting of NF1 and non‐NF1 infants of NF1 mothers was lower than among infants of mothers in the comparison cohort (−0.28 SDS [−0.51 to −0.06]), as was the birth length (−0.22 SDS [−0.45 to 0.00]). In conclusion, the birth weight and head circumference of persons with NF1 are significantly higher than those of persons without the disorder. NF1 of the mother reduces birth weight and birth length of the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Leppävirta
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of DermatologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Roope A. Kallionpää
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Elina Uusitalo
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Minna Pöyhönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Clinical GeneticsHUSLAB and Helsinki University Central HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of DermatologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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14
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Visnapuu V, Peltonen S, Alivuotila L, Happonen RP, Peltonen J. Craniofacial and oral alterations in patients with Neurofibromatosis 1. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:131. [PMID: 30092804 PMCID: PMC6085685 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABTSRACT Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common inherited syndromes. The literature on craniofacial alterations associated with NF1 has been limited and partially contradictory. This review is based on literature search and the results of the clinical study "Craniofacial and Oral Alterations and Speech in patients with Neurofibromatosis 1", carried out at the University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland in 2006-2012. By the end of 2012, a total of 110 NF1 patients, 54 female and 56 male patients, were examined.A part of our results confirms pre-existing understanding, a part is contradictory to previous considerations based mainly on case reports, and some are entirely novel. Specifically, our results confirmed that enlargement the mandibular canal is the most common abnormality of the mandible in patients with NF1. It should be noted, however, that this finding does not require treatment. Caries was not a major problem. In fact, it was less frequent in NF1 patients compared to reference population. These findings abrogate some previous perceptions. Novel findings of our project include periapical cemental dysplasia in females; short jaws, a finding which usually does not affect bite; and immunohistological analysis of oral mucosal abnormalities. Pioneering study on speech showed that various deviations were very common: As many as 94% of the participants showed some alterations.To conclude, the awareness of craniofacial alterations common in NF1would help avoiding unnecessary and even harmful involvement, e.g. of periapical cemental dysplasia or enlarged mandibular canal which do not require treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Visnapuu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, TE6, Hämeentie 11, P O Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Lotta Alivuotila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Risto-Pekka Happonen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
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15
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Keller T, Krzyczmonik A, Forsback S, Picón FRL, Kirjavainen AK, Takkinen J, Rajander J, Cacheux F, Damont A, Dollé F, Rinne JO, Haaparanta-Solin M, Solin O. Radiosynthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of [ 18F]F-DPA, A Novel Pyrazolo[1,5a]pyrimidine Acetamide TSPO Radioligand, in Healthy Sprague Dawley Rats. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:736-745. [PMID: 28083825 PMCID: PMC5574958 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-1040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many neurological conditions result in the overexpression of the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), today recognized as a biomarker for microglial activation and neuroinflammation imaging. The pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acetamides are a particularly attractive class of TSPO-specific ligands, prompting the development of several positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers. This includes F-DPA, a recently reported fluorinated ligand (K i = 1.7 nM), wherein the fluorine atom is directly linked to the phenyl moiety without the presence of an alkyl or alkoxy spacer chain. Reported here is the preparation of [18F]F-DPA using [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflate) and the preliminary evaluation of [18F]F-DPA in healthy rats. Its metabolic profile and biodistribution in rats are compared with that of [18F]DPA-714, a closely related structure. PROCEDURES [18F]F-DPA was synthesized by electrophilic fluorination using [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflate), [18F]DPA-714 was synthesized by conventional nucleophilic fluorination. The biodistribution of both radiotracers was compared in Sprague Dawley rats. Radiometabolites of both radiotracers in plasma and brain homogenates were analyzed by radioTLC. RESULTS The radiochemical yield of [18F]F-DPA was 15 ± 3 % and the specific activity was 7.8 ± 0.4 GBq/μmol. The radiochemical purity exceeded 99 %. The in vivo time activity curves of [18F]F-DPA demonstrate rapid entry into the brain and a concentration equilibrium at 20-30 min after injection. The metabolic profiles at 90 min after radiotracer injection in the plasma show that unchanged [18F]F-DPA and [18F]DPA-714 account for 28.3 ± 6.4 and 11.1 ± 2.6 % of the remaining radioactivity, respectively. In the brain, unchanged [18F]F-DPA accounts for 93.5 ± 2.8 % of the radioactivity; whereas for [18F]DPA-714, this value is 53.6 ± 1.6 %. CONCLUSIONS [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflate) was successfully used to label F-DPA with fluorine-18. The labeling position on the aromatic moiety imparts a higher stability compared to [18F]DPA-714 with regard to in vivo metabolism. [18F]F-DPA is a promising new radiotracer and warrants further investigation in animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Keller
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Krzyczmonik
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sarita Forsback
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco R López Picón
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna K Kirjavainen
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jatta Takkinen
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Fanny Cacheux
- CEA, I2BM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | | | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA, I2BM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored the burden of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in young children with regard to day-care initiation. DESIGN Longitudinal prospective birth cohort study. SETTING AND METHODS We recruited 1827 children for follow-up until the age of 24 months collecting diary data on RTIs and daycare. Children with continuous daycare type and complete data were divided into groups of centre-based daycare (n=299), family day care (FDC) (n=245) and home care (n=350). Using repeated measures variance analyses, we analysed days per month with symptoms of respiratory tract infection, antibiotic treatments and parental absence from work for a period of 6 months prior to and 9 months after the start of daycare. RESULTS We documented a significant effect of time and type of daycare, as well as a significant interaction between them for all outcome measures. There was a rise in mean days with symptoms from 3.79 (95% CI 3.04 to 4.53) during the month preceding centre-based daycare to 10.57 (95% CI 9.35 to 11.79) at 2 months after the start of centre-based daycare, with a subsequent decrease within the following 9 months. Similar patterns with a rise and decline were observed in the use of antibiotics and parental absences. The start of FDC had weaker effects. Our findings were not changed when taking into account confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the rapid increase in respiratory infections after start of daycare and a relatively fast decline in the course of time with continued daycare. It is important to support families around the beginning of daycare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Schuez-Havupalo
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Toivonen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sinikka Karppinen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kaljonen
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Peltola
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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