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Raja JAJ, Huang C, Chen C, Hu W, Cheng H, Goh R, Chao C, Tan Y, Yeh S. Modification of the N-terminal FWKG-αH1 element of potyviral HC-Pro affects its multiple functions and generates effective attenuated mutants for cross-protection. Mol Plant Pathol 2022; 23:947-965. [PMID: 35285990 PMCID: PMC9190983 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Control of plant viruses by cross-protection is limited by the availability of effective protective strains. Incorporation of an NIa-protease processing site in the extreme N-terminal region of the helper component protease (HC-Pro) of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) resulted in a mutant virus TuHND I that induced highly attenuated symptoms. Recombination analysis verified that two variations, F7I mutation and amino acid 7-upstream-deletion, in HC-Pro co-determined TuHND I attenuation. TuHND I provided complete protection to Nicotiana benthamiana and Brassica campestris subsp. chinensis plants against infection by the severe parental strain. Aphid transmission tests revealed that TuHND I was not aphid-transmissible. An RNA silencing suppression (RSS) assay by agroinfiltration suggested the RSS-defective nature of the mutant HC-Pro. In the context (amino acids 3-17) encompassing the two variations of HC-Pro, we uncovered an FWKG-α-helix 1 (αH1) element that influenced the functions of aphid transmission and RSS, whose motifs were located far downstream. We further demonstrated that HC-Pro F7 was a critical residue on αH1 for HC-Pro functions and that reinstating αH1 in the RSS-defective HC-Pro of TuHND I restored the protein's RSS function. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated the FWKG-αH1 element as an integral part of the HC-Pro self-interaction domain. The possibility of regulation of the mechanistically independent functions of RSS and aphid transmission by the FWKG-αH1 element is discussed. Extension of TuMV HC-Pro FWKG-αH1 variations to another potyvirus, zucchini yellow mosaic virus, also generated nonaphid-transmissible cross-protective mutant viruses. Hence, the modification of the FWKG-αH1 element can generate effective attenuated viruses for the control of potyviruses by cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. J. Raja
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chung‐Hao Huang
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chin‐Chih Chen
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
- Division of Plant PathologyTaiwan Agricultural Research InstituteWu‐FengTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Wen‐Chi Hu
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Hao‐Wen Cheng
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Reun‐Ping Goh
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chia‐Hung Chao
- Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension StationDacunChanghua CountyTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yue‐Rong Tan
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Shyi‐Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, R.O.C.
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Montes N, Vijayan V, Pagán I. Host population structure for tolerance determines the evolution of plant-virus interactions. New Phytol 2021; 231:1570-1585. [PMID: 33997993 PMCID: PMC8362011 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity for plant defences determines both the capacity of host populations to buffer the effect of infection and the pathogen´s fitness. However, little information is known on how host population structure for tolerance, a major plant defence, impacts the evolution of plant-pathogen interactions. By performing 10 serial passages of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Arabidopsis thaliana populations with varying proportion of tolerant genotypes simulating different structures for this trait, we analysed how host heterogeneity for this defence shapes the evolution of both virus multiplication, the effect of infection on plant fecundity and mortality, and plant tolerance and resistance. Results indicated that a higher proportion of tolerant genotypes in the host population promotes virus multiplication and reduces the effect of infection on plant mortality, but not on plant fecundity. These changes resulted in more effective plant tolerance to virus infection. Conversely, a lower proportion of tolerant genotypes reduced virus multiplication, boosting plant resistance. Our work for the first time provides evidence of the main role of host population structure for tolerance on pathogen evolution and on the subsequent feedback loops on plant defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Montes
- Fisiología VegetalDepartamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la SaludFacultad de FarmaciaUniversidad San Pablo‐CEU UniversitiesBoadilla del Monte (Madrid)28668Spain
- Servicio de ReumatologíaHospital Universitario de la PrincesaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS‐IP)Madrid28008Spain
| | - Viji Vijayan
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM‐INIA and ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28223Spain
| | - Israel Pagán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM‐INIA and ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28223Spain
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Gayral M, Arias Gaguancela O, Vasquez E, Herath V, Flores FJ, Dickman MB, Verchot J. Multiple ER-to-nucleus stress signaling pathways are activated during Plantago asiatica mosaic virus and Turnip mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2020; 103:1233-1245. [PMID: 32390256 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens and other adverse environmental conditions can trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress signaling increases the expression of cytoprotective ER-chaperones. The inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE1) is one ER stress sensor that is activated to splice the bZIP60 mRNA that produces a truncated transcription factor that activates gene expression in the nucleus. The IRE1/bZIP60 pathway is associated with restricting potyvirus and potexvirus infection. This study shows that the Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) triple gene block 3 (TGB3) and the Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) 6K2 proteins activate alternative transcription pathways involving the bZIP17, bZIP28, BAG7, NAC089 and NAC103 factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the corresponding knockout mutant lines, we show that bZIP17, bZIP60, BAG7 and NAC089 are factors in reducing PlAMV infection, whereas bZIP28 and bZIP60 are factors in reducing TuMV infection. We propose a model in which bZIP60 and bZIP17 synergistically induce genes restricting PlAMV infection, while bZIP60 and bZIP28 independently induce genes supporting PlAMV infection. Regarding TuMV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) infection, bZIP60 and bZIP28 serve to repress local and systemic infection. Finally, tauroursodeoxycholic acid treatments were used to demonstrate that the protein folding capacity significantly influences PlAMV accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gayral
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research and Extension Center in Dallas, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA
| | - Omar Arias Gaguancela
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research and Extension Center in Dallas, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA
| | - Evelyn Vasquez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n y Ambato, Sangolquí, 171103, Ecuador
| | - Venura Herath
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research and Extension Center in Dallas, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, 498 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Francisco J Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n y Ambato, Sangolquí, 171103, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial-UTE, Av. Mariscal Sucre y Mariana de Jesús, Quito, Pichincha, 170129, Ecuador
| | - Martin B Dickman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, 498 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research and Extension Center in Dallas, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, 498 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Wu G, Cui X, Dai Z, He R, Li Y, Yu K, Bernards M, Chen X, Wang A. A plant RNA virus hijacks endocytic proteins to establish its infection in plants. Plant J 2020; 101:384-400. [PMID: 31562664 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis and endosomal trafficking play essential roles in diverse biological processes including responses to pathogen attack. It is well established that animal viruses enter host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis for infection. However, the role of endocytosis in plant virus infection still largely remains unknown. Plant dynamin-related proteins 1 (DRP1) and 2 (DRP2) are the large, multidomain GTPases that participate together in endocytosis. Recently, we have discovered that DRP2 is co-opted by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) for infection in plants. We report here that DRP1 is also required for TuMV infection. We show that overexpression of DRP1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtDRP1A) promotes TuMV infection, and AtDRP1A interacts with several viral proteins including VPg and cylindrical inclusion (CI), which are the essential components of the virus replication complex (VRC). AtDRP1A colocalizes with the VRC in TuMV-infected cells. Transient expression of a dominant negative (DN) mutant of DRP1A disrupts DRP1-dependent endocytosis and supresses TuMV replication. As adaptor protein (AP) complexes mediate cargo selection for endocytosis, we further investigated the requirement of AP in TuMV infection. Our data suggest that the medium unit of the AP2 complex (AP2β) is responsible for recognizing the viral proteins as cargoes for endocytosis, and knockout of AP2β impairs intracellular endosomal trafficking of VPg and CI and inhibits TuMV replication. Collectively, our results demonstrate that DRP1 and AP2β are two proviral host factors of TuMV and shed light into the involvement of endocytosis and endosomal trafficking in plant virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwei Wu
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond ST, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond ST, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Rongrong He
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond ST, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Kangfu Yu
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, Ontario, N0R 1G0, Canada
| | - Mark Bernards
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond ST, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond ST, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Park SH, Li F, Renaud J, Shen W, Li Y, Guo L, Cui H, Sumarah M, Wang A. NbEXPA1, an α-expansin, is plasmodesmata-specific and a novel host factor for potyviral infection. Plant J 2017; 92:846-861. [PMID: 28941316 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD), unique to the plant kingdom, are structurally complex microchannels that cross the cell wall to establish symplastic communication between neighbouring cells. Viral intercellular movement occurs through PD. To better understand the involvement of PD in viral infection, we conducted a quantitative proteomic study on the PD-enriched fraction from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves in response to infection by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). We report the identification of a total of 1070 PD protein candidates, of which 100 (≥2-fold increase) and 48 (≥2-fold reduction) are significantly differentially accumulated in the PD-enriched fraction, when compared with protein levels in the corresponding healthy control. Among the differentially accumulated PD protein candidates, we show that an α-expansin designated NbEXPA1, a cell wall loosening protein, is PD-specific. TuMV infection downregulates NbEXPA1 mRNA expression and protein accumulation. We further demonstrate that NbEXPA1 is recruited to the viral replication complex via the interaction with NIb, the only RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of TuMV. Silencing of NbEXPA1 inhibits plant growth and TuMV infection, whereas overexpression of NbEXPA1 promotes viral replication and intercellular movement. These data suggest that NbEXPA1 is a host factor for potyviral infection. This study not only generates a PD-proteome dataset that is useful in future studies to expound PD biology and PD-mediated virus-host interactions but also characterizes NbEXPA1 as the first PD-specific cell wall loosening protein and its essential role in potyviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Park
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fangfang Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Justin Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Wentao Shen
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lihua Guo
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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