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Bagheri Lankarani K, Sadidoost A, Fattahi M, Amirizadeh Fard S, Mokarram P. The Potential Role of Autophagy in Progression of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Antiviral Treatment: A Brief Report. Iran J Med Sci 2024; 49:196-200. [PMID: 38584654 PMCID: PMC10997855 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.96588.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite antiviral treatment, some patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) progress to cirrhosis. Enhancement of autophagy was implicated in the proliferation of hepatitis B in hepatocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of autophagy in the progression of liver fibrosis in patients receiving antiviral treatments and having completely inhibited viral replication. This descriptive-analytical study was designed and conducted in 2020 at Mottahhari Hepatitis Clinic affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Science (Shiraz, Iran). Patients who were on anti-hepatitis B nucleotide treatments for at least two years, and those who were not cirrhotic at baseline but later progressed to cirrhosis were identified to be included in the case group. Besides, for the control group, patients on the nucleotide regimens who did not have cirrhosis at baseline or during follow-up were randomly selected. Ultimately, 16 cases and 14 controls were included in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Serum Beclin-1 and LC3 levels were compared between the two groups using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The t test was used to assess the statistical differences between the case and control groups. Beclin-1 level was significantly higher in cirrhosis patients than the control group (1283±244 vs. 1063±257, P=0.024). However, there was no statistical difference between the level of LC3 in the cirrhotic group (168±31) and the control group (150±16) (P=0.065). Autophagy may have a role in the progression of cirrhosis in patients with CHB. Future larger prospective studies are required to determine the effect of blocking on the progression of liver disease in this population A preprint of this study was published at https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1435490/v1.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Sadidoost
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Fattahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Amirizadeh Fard
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zarafshani M, Mahmoodzadeh H, Soleimani V, Moosavi MA, Rahmati M. Expression and Clinical Significance of IRE1-XBP1s, p62, and Caspase-3 in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Iran J Med Sci 2024; 49:10-21. [PMID: 38322164 PMCID: PMC10839142 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.96922.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Three main cell signaling pathways including the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response, autophagy, and apoptosis play critical roles in both cell survival and death. They were found to crosstalk with one another during tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s), p62, and caspase-3, as the essential biomarkers of ERS, autophagy, and apoptosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as the correlation between their expression and clinicopathological data. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, which were collected from patients and their tumor margins, from the tumor bank of Imam Khomeini Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from 2017 to 2019. Tissue microarray (TMA) was used to measure the XBP1s, p62, and caspase-3 biomarkers. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20, and P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Evaluating the total of 91 patients, a significant relationship was found between XBP1s expression and TNM stage (P=0.003), primary tumor (pT) (P=0.054), and the degree of differentiation (P=0.006); and between caspase-3 with pT (P=0.004), and lymphovascular invasion (P=0.02). However, no significant correlation was found between p62 and clinicopathological data. Furthermore, a positive relationship between XBP1s and p62 was confirmed (correlation coefficient: 22.2% and P=0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicated that XBP1s could be considered as a target for therapy in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadkian Zarafshani
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Soleimani
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology (IMB), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Daneshpazhouh H, Hayati Roodbari N, Tahamtani Y, Khodabandeh Z, Dianatpour M. Protective Effect of Docetaxel Against Autophagy-Related Genes in Vitrification of Mouse Metaphase II Oocytes. Iran J Med Sci 2023; 48:501-509. [PMID: 37786462 PMCID: PMC10541544 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.88390.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a conservative mechanism for cell survival as the main response of cells to stress conditions. The present study aimed to assess the effect of docetaxel on the survival, fertilization, and expression of autophagy-related genes in vitrified oocytes. Methods The study was conducted in 2018 at the Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran). Denuded oocytes were randomly selected and assigned to five groups, namely control (n=133), docetaxel (n=136), docetaxel+cryoprotectants (n=146), docetaxel+vitrification (n=138), and vitrification (n=145). The effect of vitrification on the expression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) and Beclin-1 was determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26.0) and GraphPad Prism 9. Results Survival and fertilization rates in each experimental group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P=0.001). After in vitro fertilization of oocytes, the 2-cell formation rate was significantly reduced in the docetaxel+vitrification and vitrification groups compared to the control and docetaxel groups (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). Pre-incubation of oocytes with docetaxel reduced gene expression levels of Beclin-1 and ATG5 in the docetaxel+cryoprotectants and docetaxel+vitrification groups (P=0.001 and P=0.019, respectively). The expression level of these genes was also reduced in the docetaxel group compared to the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion Incubation of mouse metaphase II oocytes with docetaxel prior to vitrification reduced the expression of autophagy-related genes and increased survival and fertilization rates compared to untreated oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Daneshpazhouh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Hayati Roodbari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodabandeh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Miao JS, Wang XY, Jin HM. [Regulatory function and mechanism of autophagy on osteoclast]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2023; 36:357-63. [PMID: 37087626 DOI: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast (OC) is multinucleated, bone-resorbing cells originated from monocyte/macrophage lineage of cells, excessive production and abnormal activation of which could lead to many bone metabolic diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, etc. Autophagy, as a highly conserved catabolic process in eukaryotic cells, which plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis, stress damage repair, proliferation and differentiation. Recent studies have found that autophagy was also involved in the regulation of osteoclast generation and bone resorption. On the one hand, autophagy could be induced and activated by various factors in osteocalsts, such as nutrient deficiency, hypoxia, receptor activator of nuclear factor(NF)-κB ligand(RANKL), inflammatory factors, wear particles, microgravity environment, etc, different inducible factors, such as RANKL, inflammatory factors, wear particles, could interact with each other and work together. On the other hand, activated autophagy is involved in regulating various stages of osteoclast differentiation and maturation, autophagy could promote proliferation of osteoclasts, inhibiting apoptosis, and promoting differentiation, migration and bone resorption of osteoclast. The classical autophagy signaling pathway mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1) is currently a focus of research, and it could be regulated by upstream signalings such as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI-3K)/protein kinase B (PKB), AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK). However, the paper found that mTORC1-mediated autophagy may play a bidirectional role in regulating differentiation and function of osteoclasts, and its underlying mechanism needs to be further ciarified. Integrin αvβ3 and Rab protein families are important targets for autophagy to play a role in osteoclast migration and bone resorption, respectively. In view of important role of osteoclast in the occurrence of various bone diseases, it is of great significance to elucidate the role of autophagy on osteoclast and its mechanism for the treatment of various bone diseases. The autophagy pathway could be used as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of clinical bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sen Miao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Ming Jin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
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Zaki Mahdi N. Investigation of the Lethal Effect of Purified Arginine Deiminase Purified from Lactobacillus plantarum p5 on Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma and Vero cell Lines. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:241-247. [PMID: 35891771 PMCID: PMC9288635 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356587.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious diseases facing humanity; accordingly, it is urgent to find a cure that is rarely harmful to the patient as much as possible. It has been approved that arginine deiminase (ADI) can hydrolyze the plasma arginine to citrulline. This hydrolysis activity and reduction in the amount of intercellular arginine suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthesis. On the other hand, arginine depletion arrests the cell cycle at the G1 phase; therefore, ADI has been considered a powerful anticancer agent. The current study aimed to investigate the lethal effects of ADI purified from the Lactobacillus plantarum p5 strain on murine mammary adenocarcinoma and Vero cell lines. Anti-proliferative activity of ADI against murine mammary adenocarcinoma) AMN3) cell line was evaluated after different incubation times (3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h) of exposure to 1 µg/mL of ADI, compared to Vero (non-cancer cell line) transformed cell line with same conditions. The autophagy process in cancer cells was recognized after three hours of incubation with ADI which was clearly observed in the AMN3 cell line under an inverted microscope. The first stages of the programmed cell death (apoptosis) pathway were only observed in AMN3 cells after 24 h of incubation with ADI, and this process continued with the time until they reached the last stages of apoptosis after 72 h of incubation. The results of the current study showed that the AMN3 cell line was auxotrophic for arginine because it could not produce it in the presence of enzyme which had a robust activity to kill these cancer cells; however, Vero non-cancer cell line survived in the presence of ADI because it had the ability to produce arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zaki Mahdi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Taheri Sedeh H, Bazgir E. Thermopriming-Induced Autophagy in Shoot Apical Meristem of Arabidopsis. Iran J Biotechnol 2021; 19:e2901. [PMID: 35350643 PMCID: PMC8926319 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.253616.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Since embryogenesis, plants deal with environmental changes, which might affect their growth and development. Plant autophagy has been shown to function in various stress responses, immunity, development, and senescence. Acquired thermotolerance or thermopriming is enhanced resistance to the elevated temperature following heat stress. Objectives Potential contribution of autophagy mechanism after thermopriming was investigated in shoot apical meristem (SAM) of Arabidopsis thaliana. Materials and Methods Transcriptic expression of Autophagy related Genes (ATGs) were analyzed by qRT-PCR data in 5-day old Arabidopsis thaliana (Col0) seedlings at 4 h and 24 h after thermopriming. Autophagy induction was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Results Expression patterns of 39 ATGs and ATG-receptors were described and relevant thermopriming induced autophagy genes were identified according to their highest expression fold changes during the time after treatment. Significantly, ATG8A, ATG8B, ATG8G, ATG8H, ATI1, ATI2, NBR1, and TSPO genes were identified as the most relevant thermopriming-associated autophagy genes especially in SAM of young seedlings. This mainly implies the role of ATG8 core proteins and their receptor interactors in the regulation of autophagy in form of selective or non-selective during environmental stresses. Conclusions Autophagy, a conserved mechanism for cell survival in plants will be activated in response to the thermopriming which is a promoted acquired resistance stimulus. Determined key genes and components of autophagy associated with thermal priming signaling pathway could be noteworthily employed to study transcriptional regulation of autophagy and integrated defense system against environmental stresses for the improvement of plant thermal tolerance and resistance to the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eidi Bazgir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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Zhong ZH, Lu SF, Chen WY, Bai H, Gu YH. [Time-dependent Protective Effect of Electroacupuncture on Ischemic Myocardium and Changes of Myocardial Autophagy and Apoptosis Related Protein Expression in Rats]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2018; 43:550-5. [PMID: 30232862 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.180217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at different time-points on the injured myocar-dium and expression of myocardial Bax/Bcl-2 and Lc 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ proteins in acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) rats so as to explore its mechanisms underlying myocardial protective effect via reducing cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis. METHODS A total of 66 adult SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation (sham), model, EA-R 0min(R= reperfusion), EA-R 30min, EA-R 60min, and EA-R 120min groups, with 6 rats being in the sham group and 12 rats being in each of the other 5 groups. The MIRI model was prepared by ligating the anterior descending branch (ADB) of the left coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h. In the sham group, the ADB was only threaded without ligation. EA was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC 6) for 20 min at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min when reperfusion. Evans Blue-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) double staining was performed to determine the myocardial infarction area (MIA) and the ratio of the infarct size of the area at risk (IS/AAR). ELISA was performed to measure serum cardiac troponin 1 (cTn-Ⅰ) content, and Western blot was used to measure the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 and autophagy related proteins Lc 3 Ⅱ and Lc 3 Ⅰ in the left cardiac ventricle tissue. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the percentages of MIA in the EA-R 30min, EA-R 60min, and EA-R 120min groups, and the IS/AAR in the EA-R 0min, EA-R 30min, EA-R 60min and EA-R 120min groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01). Comparison among the 4 EA groups showed that the percentages of MIA and the IS/AAR were considerably lower in the EA-R 30min, EA-R 60min, and EA-R 120min groups than in the EA-R 0min group (P<0.05, except IS/AAR in the EA-R 120min group), but significantly higher in the EA-R 60min and EA-R 120min groups than in the EA-R 30min group (P<0.05, P<0.01), suggesting a better therapeutic effect of EA intervention at 30 min of MIRI in improving MI. In comparison with the sham group, myocardial cTn-Ⅰ content and Bax/Bcl-2 and Lc 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ levels in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.01). After EA intervention, the increased cTn-Ⅰ content and Bax/Bcl-2 and Lc 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ levels in the EA-R 0min, EA-R 30min, EA-R 60min, and EA-R 120min groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01). The cTn-Ⅰ content was obviously lower at EA-R 30 min, but markedly increased at EA-R 120min than at EA-R 0min (P<0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 was obviously higher at EA-R 30min than at EA-R 0min (P<0.05). No significant differences were found among the 4 EA intervention time-points in the levels of Bax/Bcl-2 and Lc 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ (P>0.05). CONCLUSION EA intervention can reduce MIA in MIRI rats, which is possibly closely related to its effects in reducing apoptosis and autophagy. The best intervention time is at 30 min after MI reperfusion, but the difference of effects of EA at different time-points is independent of Bax/Bcl-2 and Lc 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hao Zhong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Researching Combination of Acupuncture and Drugs of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wan-Ying Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hua Bai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Huang Gu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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