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Shokri S, Ayazi H, Tamjid M, Ghoreishi F, Shokri M, Badakhshannouri S, Naderi N, Daraei B, Mousavi Z, Davood A. Hybrid Analogues of Hydrazone and Phthalimide: Design, Synthesis, In vivo, In vitro, and In silico Evaluation as Analgesic Agents. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2023:CAD-EPUB-131867. [PMID: 37194935 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666230517121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of hydrazone and phthalimide, a new series of hybrid hydrazone and phthalimide pharmacophores was prepared and evaluated as analgesic agents. METHODS The designed ligands were synthesized by reaction of the appropriate aldehydes and 2- aminophthalimide. Analgesic, cyclooxygenase inhibitory, and cytostatic activity of prepared compounds were measured. RESULTS All the tested ligands demonstrated significant analgesic activity. Moreover, compounds 3i and 3h were the most potent ligands in the formalin and writhing tests, respectively. Compounds 3g, 3j, and 3l were the most COX-2 selective ligands and ligand 3e was the most potent COX inhibitor with a 0.79 of COX-2 selectivity ratio. The presence of electron-withdrawing moieties with hydrogen bonding ability at the meta position was found to affect the selectivity efficiently, in which compounds 3g, 3l, and 3k showed high COX-2 selectivity, and compound 3k was the most potent one. The cytostatic activity of selected ligands demonstrated that compounds 3e, 3f, 3h, 3k, and 3m showed good analgesic and COX inhibitory activity and were less toxic than the reference drug. CONCLUSION High therapeutic index of these ligands is one of the valuable advantages of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Shokri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Ayazi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tamjid
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghoreishi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shokri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogol Badakhshannouri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Naderi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Davood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
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