Morak-Młodawska B, Pluta K, Latocha M, Jeleń M, Kuśmierz D, Suwińska K, Shkurenko A, Czuba Z, Jurzak M. 10
H-1,9-diazaphenothiazine and its 10-derivatives: synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation as potential anticancer agents.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019;
34:1298-1306. [PMID:
31307242 PMCID:
PMC6691808 DOI:
10.1080/14756366.2019.1639695]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
10H-1,9-diazaphenothiazine was obtained in the sulphurisation reaction of diphenylamine with elemental sulphur and transformed into new 10-substituted derivatives, containing alkyl and dialkylaminoalkyl groups at the thiazine nitrogen atom. The 1,9-diazaphenothiazine ring system was identified with advanced 1H and 13C NMR techniques (COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of the methyl derivative. The compounds exhibited significant anticancer activities against the human glioblastoma SNB-19, melanoma C-32 and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The most active 1,9-diazaphenothiazines were the derivatives with the propynyl and N, N-diethylaminoethyl groups being more potent than cisplatin. For those two compounds, the expression of H3, TP53, CDKN1A, BCL-2 and BAX genes was detected by the RT-QPCR method. The proteome profiling study showed the most probable compound action on SNB-19 cells through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. The 1,9-diazaphenotiazine system seems to be more potent than known isomeric ones (1,6-diaza-, 1,8-diaza-, 2,7-diaza- and 3,6-diazaphenothiazine).
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