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Mayer F, Ryklin D, Wacker I, Curticean R, Čalkovský M, Niemeyer A, Dong Z, Levkin PA, Gerthsen D, Schröder RR, Wegener M. 3D Two-Photon Microprinting of Nanoporous Architectures. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2002044. [PMID: 32608038 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A photoresist system for 3D two-photon microprinting is presented, which enables the printing of inherently nanoporous structures with mean pore sizes around 50 nm by means of self-organization on the nanoscale. A phase separation between polymerizable and chemically inert photoresist components leads to the formation of 3D co-continuous structures. Subsequent washing-out of the unpolymerized phase reveals the porous polymer structures. To characterize the volume properties of the printed structures, scanning electron microscopy images are recorded from ultramicrotome sections. In addition, the light-scattering properties of the 3D-printed material are analyzed. By adjusting the printing parameters, the porosity can be controlled during 3D printing. As an application example, a functioning miniaturized Ulbricht light-collection sphere is 3D printed and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Mayer
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
| | - Daniel Ryklin
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Irene Wacker
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ronald Curticean
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Čalkovský
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
| | - Andreas Niemeyer
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
| | - Zheqin Dong
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
| | - Rasmus R Schröder
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- 3DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1-390761711), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76128, Germany
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