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Sadat Fatemi SH, Eshraghi P, Ghanei M, Hamzehloei T. Genetic evaluation of hyperphenylalaninemia patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Iranian population: Identification of four novel disease-causing variants. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2081. [PMID: 36382472 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism worldwide. At least 2% of HPA cases are caused by a deficiency in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism. Genes such as QDPR and PTS are essential in the BH4 metabolism. This study aims to identify disease-causing variants in HPA patients, which may be helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. METHODS A total of 10 HPA patients were enrolled in this study. The coding and adjacent intronic regions of PTS and QDPR genes were examined using Sanger sequencing. Protein modeling was also performed for novel identified variants. RESULTS Ten patients and a total of 20 alleles were studied, which led to the identification of 10 different variants. All variants identified in PTS and QDPR were missense, except for the c.383_407del variant in the QDPR. Also, three novel variants were identified in the QDPR, including c.79G>T, c.383_407del and c.488G>A, and a novel variant, c.65C>G, in the PTS. CONCLUSIONS Despite the genetic similarities in the disease-causing variants, differences were observed in the Asian and European populations with our populations; As a result, similar but more extensive studies are needed to investigate the distribution of disease-causing variants in genes involved in non-PKU hyperphenylalaninemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Helia Sadat Fatemi
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peyman Eshraghi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghanei
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Hamzehloei
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Li N, Yu P, Rao B, Deng Y, Guo Y, Huang Y, Ding L, Zhu J, Yang H, Wang J, Guo J, Chen F, Liu Z. Molecular genetics of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Chinese patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:911-916. [PMID: 30001213 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The overall incidence of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) in China is 1:11,763, with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency accounting for 8.55% of patients with HPA in the mainland. Much progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of BH4 deficiency with the introduction of neonatal screening in China. However, the screening rate is still low and screening is not universally available. Methods A total of 44 BH4-deficient patients were enrolled in this study, of which 39 were diagnosed with BH4 deficiency, while the remaining five showed typical characteristics of BH4 deficiency at a later period. The entire coding regions and adjacent intronic regions of GCH1, PTS, PCBD1 and QDPR genes were analyzed using target sequencing. Results Nineteen (n=19) different mutations in the PTS gene including four novel mutations and one mutation in QDPR were identified. p.P87S, p.D96N, IVS1-291A>G, p.N52S, p.K91R, p.V56M, p.T106M and p.F40GfsX53 in PTS were the prevalent mutations with ≥3% relative frequency. The mutation p.R221X in the QDPR gene was found with relatively lower frequencies (2.27%). The remaining 12 mutations in PTS were found at relative frequencies of 1.14%. Conclusions The results could be of value for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in the patients' families and for the molecular diagnosis of BH4 deficiencies. Furthermore, four novel mutations expand and improve the PTS mutation database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Li
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Rao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ying Deng
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yixiong Guo
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yushan Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Ding
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Guo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Building 11, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, Phone: 86-15914038192.,BGI-Shenzhen, Building 11, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, Phone: 86-13428735579.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Building 11, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, Phone: 86-15914038192.,BGI-Shenzhen, Building 11, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, Phone: 86-13428735579.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20, Section 3, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China, Phone: 86-028-85502490, Fax: 86-028-85501386.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Seo KH, Zhuang N, Park YS, Park KH, Lee KH. Structural basis of a novel activity of bacterial 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase homologues distinct from mammalian 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:1212-23. [PMID: 24816091 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli 6-carboxytetrahydropterin synthase (eCTPS), a homologue of 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), possesses a much stronger catalytic activity to cleave the side chain of sepiapterin in vitro compared with genuine PTPS activity and catalyzes the conversion of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin in vivo. Crystal structures of wild-type apo eCTPS and of a Cys27Ala mutant eCTPS complexed with sepiapterin have been determined to 2.3 and 2.5 Å resolution, respectively. The structures are highly conserved at the active site and the Zn(2+) binding site. However, comparison of the eCTPS structures with those of mammalian PTPS homologues revealed that two specific residues, Trp51 and Phe55, that are not found in mammalian PTPS keep the substrate bound by stacking it with their side chains. Replacement of these two residues by site-directed mutagenesis to the residues Met and Leu, which are only found in mammalian PTPS, converted eCTPS to the mammalian PTPS activity. These studies confirm that these two aromatic residues in eCTPS play an essential role in stabilizing the substrate and in the specific enzyme activity that differs from the original PTPS activity. These aromatic residues Trp51 and Phe55 are a key signature of bacterial PTPS enzymes that distinguish them from mammalian PTPS homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hye Seo
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ningning Zhuang
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shik Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Inje University, Kimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Ho Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Seo KH, Supangat, Kim HL, Park YS, Jeon CO, Lee KH. Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase homologue from Esherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:105-7. [PMID: 18271114 PMCID: PMC2374169 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase from E. coli (ePTPS) has been crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Hexagonal- and rectangular-shaped crystals were obtained. Diffraction data were collected from the hexagonal and rectangular crystals to 3.0 and 2.3 A resolution, respectively. The hexagonal plate-shaped crystals belonged to space group P321, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 112.59, c = 68.82 A , and contained two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The rectangular crystals belonged to space group I222, with unit-cell parameters a = 112.76, b = 117.66, c = 153.57 A , and contained six molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure of ePTPS in both crystal forms has been determined by molecular replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hye Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Supangat
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Kim
- Mitochondrial Research Group, School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Science, Inje University, Kimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shik Park
- Mitochondrial Research Group, School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Science, Inje University, Kimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Ho Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-711, Republic of Korea
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