1
|
Xu Y, Lv XW, Wang Y, Zhang SH, Xie WL, Xia LL, Chen SF. Effect of Hot Metal Gas Forming Process on Formability and Microstructure of 6063 Aluminum Alloy Double Wave Tube. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1152. [PMID: 36770156 PMCID: PMC9920092 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hot metal gas forming process can significantly improve the formability of a tube and is suitable for the manufacturing of parts with complex shapes. In this paper, a double wave tube component is studied. The effects of different temperatures (400 °C, 425 °C, 450 °C and 475 °C) and different pressures (1 MPa, 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa, 2.5 MPa and 3 MPa) on the formability of 6063 aluminum alloy tubes were studied. The influence of hot metal gas forming process parameters on the microstructure was analyzed. The optimal hot metal gas forming process parameters of 6063 aluminum alloy tubes were explored. The results show that the expansion rate increases with the increase in pressure. The pressure affects the deformation of the tube, which in turn has an effect on the dynamic softening of the material. The expansion rate of parts also increases with the increase in forming temperature. The increased deformation temperature is beneficial to the dynamic recrystallization of 6063, resulting in softening of the material and enhanced deformation uniformity between grains, so that the formability of the material is improved. The optimum hot metal gas forming process parameters of 6063 aluminum alloy tubes are the temperature of 475 °C and the pressure of 2.5 MPa; the maximum expansion ratio is 41.6%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Lv
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Shi-Hong Zhang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen-Long Xie
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liang-Liang Xia
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuai-Feng Chen
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang C, Ao M, Zhai J, Shi Z, Liu H. The Reaction Products of the Al-Nb-B 2O 3-CuO System in an Al 6063 Alloy Melt and Their Influence on the Alloy's Structure and Characteristics. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8898. [PMID: 36556704 PMCID: PMC9784699 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To meet aero-engine aluminum skirt requirements, an experiment was carried out using Al-Nb-B2O3-CuO as the reaction system and a 6063 aluminum alloy melt as the reaction medium for a contact reaction, and 6063 aluminum matrix composites containing in situ particles were prepared with the near-liquid-phase line-casting method after the reaction was completed. The effects of the reactant molar ratio and the preheating temperature on the in situ reaction process and products were explored in order to determine the influence of in situ-reaction-product features on the organization and the qualities of the composites. Thermodynamic calculations, DSC analysis, and experiments revealed that the reaction could continue when the molar ratio of the reactants of Al-Nb-B2O3-CuO was 6:1:1:1.5. A kinetic study revealed that the Al thermal reaction in the system produced Al2O3 and [B], and the [B] atoms interacted with Nb to generate NbB2. With increasing temperature, the interaction between the Nb and the AlB2 produced hexagonal NbB2 particles with an average longitudinal size of 1 μm and subspherical Al2O3 particles with an average longitudinal size of 0.2 μm. The microstructure of the composites was reasonably fine, with an estimated equiaxed crystal size of around 22 μm, a tensile strength of 170 MPa, a yield strength of 135 MPa, an elongation of 13.4%, and a fracture energy of 17.05 × 105 KJ/m3, with a content of 2.3 wt% complex-phase particles. When compared to the matrix alloy without addition, the NbB2 and Al2O3 particles produced by the in situ reaction had a significant refinement effect on the microstructure of the alloy, and the plasticity of the composite in the as-cast state was improved while maintaining higher strength and better overall mechanical properties, allowing for industrial mass production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Ao
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (H.L.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding W, Liu X, Zhao X, Chen T, Zhang H, Cheng Y, Shi H. Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of 6063 Aluminum Alloy Modified by Rare Earth Y and Al-Ti-B Master Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4244. [PMID: 32977667 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The hot deformation behaviors of the new 6063 aluminum alloy modified by rare earth Y and Al-Ti-B master alloy were studied through isothermal hot compression experiments on the Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator. By characterizing the flow curves, constitutive models, hot processing maps, and microstructures, we can see from the true stress–true strain curves that the flow stress decreases with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate. Through the calculation of the constitutive equation, we derived that the activation energy of the new composite modified 6063 aluminum alloy is 224.570 KJ/mol. we roughly obtained its excellent hot processing range of temperatures between 470–540 °C and the strain rates of 0.01–0.1 s−1. The verification of the deformed microstructure shows that with the decrease of lnZ, the grain boundary changes from a low-angle one to a high-angle one and the dynamic recrystallization is dominated by geometric dynamic recrystallization and continuous dynamic recrystallization. Analysis of typical samples at 480 °C/0.01 s−1 shows that the addition of rare earth Y mainly helps form Al3Y5 and AlFeSiY phases, thus making the alloy have the performance of high-temperature recrystallization, which is beneficial to the hot workability of the alloy.
Collapse
|