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Stepanenko V, Kaprin A, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Sato H, Toyoda S, Kawano N, Fujimoto N, Endo S, Bogacheva V, Kolyzhenkov T, Khailov A, Zhumadilov K, Zhumalina A, Yerimbetova D, Hoshi M. Estimation of 'dose-depth' profile in the surface layers of a quartz-containing tile from the former Hiroshima University building indicates the possible presence of beta-irradiation from residual radioactivity after A-bombing. J Radiat Res 2022; 63:i54-i60. [PMID: 35968988 PMCID: PMC9377027 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The problem of differentiating between primary irradiation and exposure due to residual radioactivity following A-bombing (including beta-exposure), is the subject of special attention and discussions in order to understand the health effects following the Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bombings, especially among newcomers to cities soon after the detonations. In this work, the method of single quartz grain luminescence retrospective dosimetry was applied for a retrospective estimation of the 'dose-depth' profile in a quartz-containing tile extracted from the building of former Hiroshima University (HU), which was a 'witness' of the Hiroshima atomic bombing on the 6 August 1945. It has been shown that results of retrospective estimates of the 'dose-depth' profile using the method of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from inclusions of quartz grains in very thin layers of the sample, in combination with the calculations of the 'dose-depth' profile using the Monte Carlo method, indicates the possible presence of beta irradiation of thin layers of the sample located near the surface of the tile facing the air, where there is no electronic equilibrium from gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Stepanenko
- Corresponding author. A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation, Tel.: +7 (8439) 97002, E-mail address:
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Hitoshi Sato
- Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2, Ami-chyo Ami, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0394, Japan
| | - Shin Toyoda
- Department of Applied Physics, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kawano
- The Center for Peace Hiroshima University, Higashisenda-machi 1-1-89, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Satoru Endo
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Viktoria Bogacheva
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Timofey Kolyzhenkov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Artem Khailov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Munaipasova Str. 13, Nur Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidana Zhumalina
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Munaipasova Str. 13, Nur Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Dana Yerimbetova
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Munaipasova Str. 13, Nur Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Masaharu Hoshi
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Stepanenko V, Kaprin A, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Bogacheva V, Sato H, Shichijo K, Toyoda S, Kawano N, Ohtaki M, Fujimoto N, Endo S, Chaizhunusova N, Shabdarbaeva D, Zhumadilov K, Hoshi M. Microdistribution of internal radiation dose in biological tissues exposed to 56Mn dioxide microparticles. J Radiat Res 2022; 63:i21-i25. [PMID: 35968986 PMCID: PMC9377032 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Manganese-56 (56Mn) was one of the dominant neutron-activated radionuclides during the first hours following the atomic-bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The radiation spectrum of 56Mn and the radiation emission from excited levels of 56Fe following 56Mn beta-decay include gamma-quanta, beta-particles, Auger electrons and X-rays. The dispersion of neutron activated 56Mn in the air can lead to entering of radioactive microparticles into the lungs. The investigation of spatial microdistribution of an internal dose in biological tissue exposed to 56Mn is an important matter with regards to the possible elevated irradiation of the lung alveoli and alveolar ducts. The Monte Carlo code (MCNP-4C) was used for the calculation of absorbed doses in biological tissue around 56Mn dioxide microparticles. The estimated absorbed dose has a very essential gradient in the epithelium cells of lung alveoli and alveolar duct: from 61 mGy/decay on the surface of simple squamous cells of epithelium to 0.15 mGy/decay at distance of 0.3 μm, which is maximal cell thickness. It has been concluded that epithelial cells of these pulmonary microstructures are selectively irradiated by low-energy electrons: short-range component of beta-particles spectrum and Auger electrons. The data obtained are important for the interpretation of biological experiments implementing dispersed neutron-activated 56Mn dioxide powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Stepanenko
- Corresponding author. A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation, Tel.: +7 (8439) 97002, E-mail address:
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Viktoria Bogacheva
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva Str., 4., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 2490036, Russian Federation
| | - Hitoshi Sato
- Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2, Ami-chyo Ami, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0394, Japan
| | - Kazuko Shichijo
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shin Toyoda
- Department of Applied Physics, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kawano
- The Center for Peace Hiroshima University, Higashisenda-machi 1-1-89, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Megu Ohtaki
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Satoru Endo
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | | | | | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Munaipasova Str. 13, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Masaharu Hoshi
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Shichijo K, Takatsuji T, Abishev Z, Uzbekov D, Chaizhunusova N, Shabdarbaeva D, Niino D, Kurisu M, Takahashi Y, Stepanenko V, Azhimkhanov A, Hoshi M. Impact of Local High Doses of Radiation by Neutron Activated Mn Dioxide Powder in Rat Lungs: Protracted Pathologic Damage Initiated by Internal Exposure. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E171. [PMID: 32586004 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal radiation exposure from neutron-induced radioisotopes environmentally activated following atomic bombing or nuclear accidents should be considered for a complete picture of pathologic effects on survivors. Inhaled hot particles expose neighboring tissues to locally ultra-high doses of β-rays and can cause pathologic damage. 55MnO2 powder was activated by a nuclear reactor to make 56MnO2 which emits β-rays. Internal exposures were compared with external γ-rays. Male Wistar rats were administered activated powder by inhalation. Lung samples were observed by histological staining at six hours, three days, 14 days, two months, six months and eight months after the exposure. Synchrotron radiation—X-ray fluorescence—X-ray absorption near-edge structure (SR–XRF–XANES) was utilized for the chemical analysis of the activated 56Mn embedded in lung tissues. 56Mn beta energy spectrum around the particles was calculated to assess the local dose rate and accumulated dose. Hot particles located in the bronchiole and in damaged alveolar tissue were identified as accumulations of Mn and iron. Histological changes showed evidence of emphysema, hemorrhage and severe inflammation from six hours through eight months. Apoptosis was observed in the bronchiole epithelium. Our study shows early event damage from the locally ultra-high internal dose leads to pathogenesis. The trigger of emphysema and hemorrhage was likely early event damage to blood vessels integral to alveolar walls.
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Shichijo K, Fujimoto N, Uzbekov D, Kairkhanova Y, Saimova A, Chaizhunusova N, Sayakenov N, Shabdarbaeva D, Aukenov N, Azimkhanov A, Kolbayenkov A, Mussazhanova Z, Niino D, Nakashima M, Zhumadilov K, Stepanenko V, Tomonaga M, Rakhypbekov T, Hoshi M. Internal exposure to neutron-activated 56Mn dioxide powder in Wistar rats-Part 2: pathological effects. Radiat Environ Biophys 2017; 56:55-61. [PMID: 28180988 PMCID: PMC5315723 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To fully understand the radiation effects of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki among the survivors, radiation from neutron-induced radioisotopes in soil and other materials should be considered in addition to the initial radiation directly received from the bombs. This might be important for evaluating the radiation risks to the people who moved to these cities soon after the detonations and probably inhaled activated radioactive "dust." Manganese-56 is known to be one of the dominant radioisotopes produced in soil by neutrons. Due to its short physical half-life, 56Mn emits residual radiation during the first hours after explosion. Hence, the biological effects of internal exposure of Wistar rats to 56Mn were investigated in the present study. MnO2 powder was activated by a neutron beam to produce radioactive 56Mn. Rats were divided into four groups: those exposed to 56Mn, to non-radioactive Mn, to 60Co γ rays (2 Gy, whole body), and those not exposed to any additional radiation (control). On days 3, 14, and 60 after exposure, the animals were killed and major organs were dissected and subjected to histopathological analysis. As described in more detail by an accompanying publication, the highest internal radiation dose was observed in the digestive system of the rats, followed by the lungs. It was found that the number of mitotic cells increased in the small intestine on day 3 after 56Mn and 60Co exposure, and this change persisted only in 56Mn-exposed animals. Lung tissue was severely damaged only by exposure to 56Mn, despite a rather low radiation dose (less than 0.1 Gy). These data suggest that internal exposure to 56Mn has a significant biological impact on the lungs and small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Shichijo
- Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima,, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Darkhan Uzbekov
- Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abay Str., 103, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Ynkar Kairkhanova
- Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abay Str., 103, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Aisulu Saimova
- Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abay Str., 103, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Nailya Chaizhunusova
- Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abay Str., 103, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Sayakenov
- Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abay Str., 103, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Dariya Shabdarbaeva
- Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abay Str., 103, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Aukenov
- Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abay Str., 103, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Almas Azimkhanov
- National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Krasnoarmeyskaya Str., 2, Build 54 B, Kurchatov, 071100, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander Kolbayenkov
- National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Krasnoarmeyskaya Str., 2, Build 54 B, Kurchatov, 071100, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Daisuke Niino
- Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | | | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Munaitpasova Str.,13, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Valeriy Stepanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Koroleva Str. 4, Obninsk, Kaluga region, 249036, Russia
| | - Masao Tomonaga
- Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tolebay Rakhypbekov
- Semey State Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abay Str., 103, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Masaharu Hoshi
- Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima,, 734-8553, Japan
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