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Guan X, Wang Y, Li W, Mu W, Tang Y, Wang M, Seyam A, Yang Y, Pan L, Hou T. The Role of Macrophage Efferocytosis in the Pathogenesis of Apical Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3854. [PMID: 38612664 PMCID: PMC11011522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of the periapical immune micro-environment caused by bacterial infection. Mφ efferocytosis has been demonstrated to promote the resolution of multiple infected diseases via accelerating Mφ polarization into M2 type. However, the Mφ efferocytosis-apical periodontitis (AP) relationship has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to explore the role of Mφ efferocytosis in the pathogenesis of AP. Clinical specimens were collected to determine the involvement of Mφ efferocytosis in the periapical region via immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. For a further understanding of the moderator effect of Mφ efferocytosis in the pathogenesis of AP, both an in vitro AP model and in vivo AP model were treated with ARA290, a Mφ efferocytosis agonist. Histological staining, micro-ct, flow cytometry, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the inflammatory status, alveolar bone loss and related markers in AP models. The data showed that Mφ efferocytosis is observed in the periapical tissues and enhancing the Mφ efferocytosis ability could effectively promote AP resolution via facilitating M2 Mφ polarization. Collectively, our study demonstrates the functional importance of Mφ efferocytosis in AP pathology and highlights that accelerating Mφ efferocytosis via ARA290 could serve as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Wenli Mu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yifei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Mingfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Abdelrahman Seyam
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Lifei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Tiezhou Hou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China (A.S.)
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
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Wang R, Yang Z, Huang Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Yan F, Zheng Y, Han Z, Fan J, Tao Z, Zhao H, Li S, Luo Y. Erythropoietin-derived peptide ARA290 mediates brain tissue protection through the β-common receptor in mice with cerebral ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14676. [PMID: 38488446 PMCID: PMC10941562 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the neuroprotective effects of ARA290 and the role of β-common receptor (βCR) in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS This study included male C57BL/6J mice that underwent MCAO and reperfusion. The neuroprotective effect of ARA290 on MCAO-induced brain injury was investigated using neurological function tests (Longa and modified neurological severity score). Cerebral infarction was examined by 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, neuronal apoptosis was assessed by immunofluorescence staining, blood parameters were measured using a flow cytometry-based automated hematology analyzer, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the serum metabolomics signature, inflammatory cytokines and liver index were detected by commercially available kits, and the protein levels of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor and βCR were measured by western blot. RESULTS ARA290 exerted a qualitatively similar neuroprotective effect after MCAO as EPO. ARA290 significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis and the level of inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue. However, ARA290's neuroprotective effect was significantly suppressed following the injection of siRNA against βCR. CONCLUSION ARA290 provided a neuroprotective effect via βCR in cerebral ischemic mice without causing erythropoiesis. This study provides novel insights into the role of ARA290 in ischemic stroke intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong‐Liang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zhen‐Hong Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐You Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Lin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yang‐Min Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zi‐Ping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jun‐Fen Fan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Hai‐Ping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Si‐Jie Li
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
- Emergency DepartmentXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Min Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
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Ghassemi-Barghi N, Ehsanfar Z, Mohammadrezakhani O, Ashari S, Ghiabi S, Bayrami Z. Mechanistic Approach for Protective Effect of ARA290, a Specific Ligand for the Erythropoietin/CD131 Heteroreceptor, against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity, the Involvement of Apoptosis and Inflammation Pathways. Inflammation 2023; 46:342-358. [PMID: 36085231 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
ARA 290, an 11-amino acid linear nonhematopoietic peptide derived from the three-dimensional structure of helix B of the erythropoietin (EPO), interacts selectively with the innate repair receptor (IRR) that arbitrates tissue protection. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ARA290 against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. For this purpose, HEK-293 and ACHN cells were treated with ARA290 (50-400 nM) and cisplatin (2.5 μM) in pretreatment condition. Then, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress parameters (ROS, GPx, SOD, and MDA), and inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL6, and IL1β) were evaluated. Furthermore, apoptotic cell death was assessed via caspase-3 activity and tunnel assay. To determine the molecular mechanisms of the possible nephroprotective effects of ARA290, gene and protein expressions of TNFα, IL1β, IL6, Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl2 were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot assay, respectively. The findings indicated that ARA290 significantly reduced the DNA damage parameters of comet assay and the frequency of micronuclei induced by cisplatin. Besides, ARA290 improved cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by reducing MDA/ROS levels and enhancing antioxidant enzyme levels. In addition, reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicated that cisplatin-induced renal inflammation was mitigated upon the treatment with ARA290. Besides, ARA290 ameliorates cisplatin-induced cell injury by antagonizing apoptosis. Furthermore, the molecular findings indicated that gene and protein levels of TNFα, IL1β, IL6, Caspase-3, and Bax were significantly decreased and gene and protein levels of Bcl2 significantly increased in the ARA290 plus cisplatin group compared with the cisplatin group. These findings revealed that ARA290 as a potent chemo-preventive agent exerted a protective effect on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity mostly through its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potentials and also suggested that ARA290 might be a new therapeutic approach for patients with acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Ghassemi-Barghi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Omid Mohammadrezakhani
- Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Sorour Ashari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shamim Ghiabi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bayrami
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Zhao
- Hemodialysis Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - X L Sun
- Hemodialysis Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - J Qiu
- Hemodialysis Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - B L Xiao
- Hemodialysis Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - X Y Fan
- Hemodialysis Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - T Wang
- Hemodialysis Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - C L Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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Marseglia GL, Benazzo M, Biasci P, Blasi F, Cricelli C, Doria M, Leonardi S, Peroni DG, Scaglione F, Ciprandi G. OM-85 in the prevention of respiratory infections: State-of-the-art and future perspectives in clinical practice. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021; 35:847-863. [PMID: 34155874 DOI: 10.23812/21-147-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections (RI) significantly burden patients, their families, and society. Respiratory infection recurrence (RRI) usually depends on a defect of the immune response, which can be more or less transient and/or selective. In particular, children, older people, heavy smokers, and patients with chronic diseases, characterized by an inadequate immune response, may be at risk of developing RRI. In this context, OM- 85 could represent a valuable option in the management of RRI. OM-85 is a bacterial lysate containing the extracts of some common pathogens, including Branhamella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, and Staphylococcus aureus. Methodologically rigorous studies have documented the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of OM-85. OM-85 enhances the natural and acquired immune response through multifaceted mechanisms. Substantial evidence has shown that OM-85 can prevent respiratory infections, reduce the number of COPD exacerbations, and shorten the disease duration at home or in hospital. OM-85 can enhance the effectiveness of the 'flu vaccination without affecting the vaccine tolerability. The preventive use of OM-85 can reduce the use of antibiotics, contributing to contrast antibiotic resistance and saving the high cost of chronic respiratory diseases. Further studies should define the ideal candidate to OM-85 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Benazzo
- Otorhinolaryngoiatric Clinic, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Biasci
- Italian Federation of Pediatricians, Rome, Italy
| | - F Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplant, University of Milan, Italy
| | - C Cricelli
- The Italian Society of General Medicine, Florence, Italy
| | - M Doria
- Italian Federation of Pediatricians, Rome, Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D G Peroni
- Pediatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Ciprandi
- Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, Genoa, Italy
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Shokrzadeh M, Etebari M, Ghassemi-Barghi N. An engineered non-erythropoietic erythropoietin-derived peptide, ARA290, attenuates doxorubicin induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104864. [PMID: 32335150 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) applies anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and cytoprotective effects besides its hematopoietic action. A nonhematopoietic peptide engineered from EPO, ARA 290, interacts selectively with the innate repair receptor and has similar possessions. ARA290 mediates tissue protection without hematopoietic side-effects of EPO which limit its clinical application. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent, but its use is limited by the development of nonspecific toxicity on noncancerous tissues especially in cardiac cells. Mechanisms behind the DOX-induced toxicities are enhanced level of oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis. In the present study, we have investigated whether ARA290 acts as a chemoprotective agent modulating the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced in vitro by DOX. The genoprotective effect of ARA290 on DOX-induced toxicity in three cell line (HepG2, HGF & Stem cell) were assessed. Cells were treated with ARA290 (50-400 nM) and DOX (1 μM) in pretreatment condition. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay, genoprotective effect of ARA290 were evaluated using the micronucleus test and comet assay. AR290 significantly reduced the percentage of DNA in tail and the frequency of micronuclei induced by DOX. Besides, DOX impaired anti-oxidant defense enzyme activities and induced inflammation and apoptotic cell death. ARA290 markedly attenuated DOX induced oxidative stress and protected against DOX induced inflammation and apoptotic cell death. This result proposes that ARA290 can act as a protective agent, reducing DOX-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress, and it is possible that this protection could also extend to cardiac cells.
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Guglielmo C, Cantarelli C, Angeletti A, Todeschini P, Cravedi P. [Non erythropoietic effects of Erythropoietin]. G Ital Nefrol 2019; 36:36-5-2019-4. [PMID: 31580542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades it has emerged that, in addition to erythropoietic activity, erythropoietin (EPO) has numerous other functions, including neuro-protective, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, angiogenetic and immunomodulatory ones. EPO interacts with two different forms of its receptor (EPOR): a homodimer receptor, responsible for the erythropoietic effects, and a heterodimer receptor, responsible for the non-erythropoietic effects. The effects on the heterodimer receptor are responsible for EPO-induced prolongation of organ transplant survival in mice and humans. The development of new molecules that selectively target the heterodimer EPOR is allowing to test the effect of long-term treatments, without the possible complications related to the increased hematocrit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Guglielmo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Dipartimento Unità Sperimentale di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica, Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto Renale, Ospedale Universitario S. Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantarelli
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia (Università di Parma), UO Nefrologia (Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma), Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Dipartimento Unità Sperimentale di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica, Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto Renale, Ospedale Universitario S. Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Todeschini
- Dipartimento Unità Sperimentale di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica, Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto Renale, Ospedale Universitario S. Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Over the past years, knowledge has expanded with regards to the multiple roles played by erythropoietin (EPO) in the body. Once believed to be a hormone synthesised in the kidney and involved only in the modulation of erythrocyte production, it is recognised now that EPO can be produced in many tissues, including the retina, and by many cells. In these tissues EPO is released in response to "tissue injury" and appears to have protective functions. Despite the extensive research conducted to date, the cues leading to release of EPO and its effects in the normal and diseased retina have not been fully elucidated. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies as well as small interventional clinical studies suggest a potential beneficial effect of externally administered EPO in early diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema. In contrast, controversy exists with regards to the possible use of EPO in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Non-erythropoietic EPO-derived peptides, produced with the aim of increasing effectiveness and reducing side effects of EPO, are currently under investigation in early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Reid
- Ophthalmology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Rd, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Noemi Lois
- Ophthalmology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Rd, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK.
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Dahan A, Brines M, Niesters M, Cerami A, van Velzen M. Targeting the innate repair receptor to treat neuropathy. Pain Rep 2016; 1:e566. [PMID: 29392190 DOI: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate repair receptor (IRR) is a heteromer of the erythropoietin receptor and the β-common (CD131) receptor, which simultaneously activates anti-inflammatory and tissue repair pathways. Experimental data suggest that after peripheral nerve injury, the IRR is upregulated in the spinal cord and modulates the neurogenic inflammatory response. The recently introduced selective IRR agonist ARA290 is an 11-amino acid peptide initially tested in animal models of neuropathy. After sciatic nerve injury, ARA290 produced a rapid and long-term relief of mechanical and cold allodynia in normal mice, but not in animals with a β-common receptor knockout phenotype. In humans, ARA290 has been evaluated in patients with small fiber neuropathy associated with sarcoidosis or type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. In patients with sarcoidosis, ARA290 significantly improved neuropathic and autonomic symptoms, as well as quality of life as assessed by the small fiber neuropathy screening list questionnaire. In addition, ARA290 treatment for 28 days initiated a regrowth of small nerve fibers in the cornea, but not in the epidermis. In patients with T2D, the results were similar to those observed in patients with sarcoidosis along with an improved metabolic profile. In both populations, ARA290 lacked significant adverse effects. These experimental and clinical studies show that ARA290 effectively reprograms a proinflammatory, tissue-damaging milieu into one of healing and tissue repair. Further clinical trials with long-term treatment and follow-up are needed to assess the full potential of IRR activation by ARA290 as a disease-modifying therapy in neuropathy of various etiologies.
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Xie J, Xiao D, Zhao J, Hu N, Bao Q, Jiang L, Yu L. Mesoporous Silica Particles as a Multifunctional Delivery System for Pain Relief in Experimental Neuropathy. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1213-21. [PMID: 27028159 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The long-term use of potent analgesics is often needed to treat chronic pain. However, it has been greatly hindered by their side effects such as addiction and withdrawal reactions. The study seeks to circumvent these drawbacks by taking advantage of a multifunctional delivery system based on nanoparticles to target on pathological neuroinflammation. A drug delivery system is designed and generated using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) that are loaded with Δ9-THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid) and ARA290 (an erythropoietin-derived polypeptide), both of which possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory functions. The actions of such THC-MSN-ARA290 nanocomplexes depend on the enhanced permeability and retention of THC through nanosized carriers, and a redox-sensitive release of conjugated ARA290 peptide into the local inflammatory milieu. The biosafety and anti-inflammatory effects of the nanocomplexes are first evaluated in primary microglia in vitro, and further in a mouse model of chronic constriction injury. It is found that the nanocomplexes attenuate in vitro and in vivo inflammation, and achieve a sustained relief of neuropathic pain in injured animals induced by both thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Thus, a nanoparticle-based carrier system can be useful for the amelioration of chronic neuropathic pain through combinatorial drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junran Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; 31006 Zhejiang Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Dongju Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology; Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
| | - Jinning Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; 31006 Zhejiang Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Nianqiang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; 31006 Zhejiang Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; 31006 Zhejiang Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; 31006 Zhejiang Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology; Second Affiliated Hospital; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; 88 Jiefang Road Zhejiang Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
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Cerit H, Veer IM, Dahan A, Niesters M, Harmer CJ, Miskowiak KW, Rombouts SA, Van der Does W. Testing the antidepressant properties of the peptide ARA290 in a human neuropsychological model of drug action. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:2289-99. [PMID: 26431906 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the neural effects of Erythropoietin (EPO) indicate that EPO may have antidepressant effects. Due to its hematopoietic effects, EPO may cause serious side-effects with repeated administration if patients are not monitored extensively. ARA290 is an EPO-analog peptide without such hematopoietic side-effects but may have neurotrophic and antidepressant effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antidepressant effects of ARA290 in a neuropsychological model of drug action. Healthy participants (N=36) received ARA290 (2mg) or placebo in a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group design. Neural and cognitive effects were assessed one week after administration. Primary outcome measures were the neural processing of fearful vs happy faces and the behavioral recognition of emotional facial expressions. ARA290-treated individuals displayed lower neural responses to happy faces in the fusiform gyrus. ARA290 tended to lower the recognition of happy and disgust facial expressions. Although ARA290 was not associated with a better memory for positive words, it was associated with faster categorization of positive vs negative words. Finally, ARA290 increased attention towards positive emotional pictures. No effects were observed on mood and affective symptoms. ARA290 may modulate some aspects of emotional processing, however, the direction and the strength of its effects do not unequivocally support an antidepressant-like profile for ARA290. Future studies may investigate the effects of different timing and dose.
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